Reforming Juvenile Detention
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Reforming Juvenile Detention
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Author : Ira M. Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Ohio State University Press
Release Date : 1994
Reforming Juvenile Detention written by Ira M. Schwartz and has been published by Ohio State University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Juvenile corrections categories.
Juvenile detention facilities confine more youths than do any other type of institution in the United States. Essentially jails for juveniles who have been arrested and are awaiting trial, these centers tend to be overcrowded, inadequately staffed, and expensive to operate. Juvenile justice officials and state and local policymakers throughout the country are desperately trying to determine the proper use of these facilities and, more important, how to bring detention systems under control. The eleven essays in this collection assess today's juvenile detention system, bringing to light problems and inefficiencies and suggesting strategies for improving conditions and eliminating these problems. The authors of these essays pull together data on national trends in detention policies and practices and examine specific cases to paint a grim picture of a system badly in need of reform. They also provide practical summaries of reform targets and strategies, and case studies of successful reform attempts, thus offering clear and much needed guidance toward possible solutions to the nation's juvenile detention crisis.
Reforming Juvenile Justice
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-05-22
Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-22 with Law categories.
Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Reforming Juvenile Justice
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Author : Dan Macallair
language : en
Publisher: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company
Release Date : 1998
Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Dan Macallair and has been published by Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Social Science categories.
Reforming Juvenile Justice
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Author : Josine Junger-Tas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-29
Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Josine Junger-Tas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-29 with Social Science categories.
This book deals with a number of critical issue in juvenile justice that have not been dealt with in extenso before
Reforming The Juvenile Justice System To Improve Children S Lives And Public Safety
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Reforming The Juvenile Justice System To Improve Children S Lives And Public Safety written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Law categories.
Resources For Juvenile Detention Reform
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Author : Bart Lubow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Resources For Juvenile Detention Reform written by Bart Lubow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Juvenile corrections categories.
Between 1985 and 1995, the average daily population in the nation's publicly operated juvenile detention centers increased by approximately 72 percent, resulting in a 642-percent increase in the number of overcrowded detention centers. Today, more than 6 out of 10 youth admitted to juvenile detention are placed in overcrowded institutions. Most of the crowding is due to greatly increased rates of detention for minority youth. In 1985, 56 percent of youth in detention were white, while 44 percent were minority. By 1995, those numbers were reversed as detention rates for African American and Hispanic youth increased by 180 and 140 percent, respectively, while the rate for white youth decreased by 13 percent.
Reforming Juvenile Justice
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Author : Josine Junger-Tas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-11-01
Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Josine Junger-Tas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-01 with Social Science categories.
This book deals with a number of critical issue in juvenile justice that have not been dealt with in extenso before
Reforming Juvenile Justice
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Author : Josine Junger-Tas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-06-16
Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Josine Junger-Tas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-16 with Social Science categories.
This book deals with a number of critical issue in juvenile justice that have not been dealt with in extenso before
Reforming Juvenile Justice
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Author : Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-05-22
Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-22 with categories.
Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
A Return To Justice
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Author : Ashley Nellis
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2015-12-14
A Return To Justice written by Ashley Nellis and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-14 with Law categories.
Juveniles who commit crimes often find themselves in court systems that do not account for their young age, but it wasn’t always this way. The original aim of a separate juvenile justice system was to treat young offenders as the children they were, considering their unique child status and amenability for reform. Now, after years punishing young offenders as if they were adults, slowly the justice system is making changes that would allow the original vision for juvenile justice to finally materialize. In its original design, the founders focused on treating youth offenders separately from adults and with a different approach. The hallmarks of this approach appreciated the fact that youth cannot fully understand the consequences of their actions and are therefore worthy of reduced culpability. The original design for youth justice prioritized brief and confidential contact with the juvenile justice system, so as to avoid the stigma that would otherwise mar a youth’s chances for success upon release. Rehabilitation was seen as the priority, and efforts to redirect wayward youth were to be implemented when possible and appropriate. The original tenets of the juvenile justice system were slowly dismantled and replaced with a system more like the adult criminal justice system, one which takes no account of age. In recent years, the tide has turned again. The number of incarcerated youth has been cut in half nationally. In addition, juvenile justice practices are increasingly guided by scholarship in adolescent development that confirms important differences between youth and adults. And, states and localities are choosing to invest in evidence based approaches to juvenile crime prevention and intervention rather than in facilities to lock up errant youth. This book assesses the strategies and policies that have produced these important shifts in direction. Important contributing factors include the declining incidence of youth-committed crime, advances in adolescent brain science, nationwide budgetary concerns, focused advocacy with policymakers and practitioners, and successful public education campaigns that address extreme sanctions for youth such as solitary confinement and life sentences without the possibility of parole. Yet more needs to be done. The U.S. Supreme Court has recently voiced its unfaltering conclusion that children are different from adults in a series of landmark cases. The question now is how to take advantage of the opportunity for juvenile justice reform of the kind that would reorient the juvenile justice system to its original intent both in policy and practice, and would return to a system that treats children as children. Using case examples throughout, Nellis offers a compelling history and shows how we might continue on the road to reform.
