Refugee Manipulation
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Refugee Manipulation
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Author : Stephen John Stedman
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2004-05-13
Refugee Manipulation written by Stephen John Stedman and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05-13 with Political Science categories.
Since World War II, refugee organizations have faced a recurrent challenge: the manipulation of refugees by warring parties to further their own aims. Some armies in civil wars, facing military defeat, use refugees as assets to establish the international legitimacy of their cause, treat refugee camps as sanctuaries and recruitment pools, and limit access to refugees to ensure that they will not repatriate. Focusing on the geopolitical security environment surrounding militarized camps and the response of humanitarian agencies, the contributors to this volume examine the ways armed groups manipulate refugees and how and why international actors assist their manipulation. They then offer suggestions for reducing the ability of such groups to use the suffering of refugees to their own advantage. The contributors examine three cases: Cambodian refugees along the Thai border in the 1970s and 1980s, Afghan refugees in Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s, and Rwandan refugees in Eastern Zaire from 1994–96. They argue that refugee manipulation occurs because warring parties gain resources in their fight for power and other actors, often the host government and regional and major powers encourage and support it. Manipulation is allowed to occur because the international refugee regime and major states have not identified a consistent approach to stopping it. In the post-Cold War era the United Nations and its members have chosen to treat the issue as a humanitarian problem instead of a security problem. As the contributors make clear, however, manipulation of refugees has important ramifications for international security, turning some civil wars into larger protracted regional wars. They argue that the geopolitics of refugee manipulation leads to sanguine conclusions about stopping it. Solutions must change the moral, political, and strategic calculations of states that are implicated in the manipulation. As long as the problem is not deemed a security threat
Refugee Manipulation
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Author : Stephen John Stedman
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2003
Refugee Manipulation written by Stephen John Stedman and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Political Science categories.
Includes statistics.
The Politics Of Refugees In South Asia
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Author : Navine Murshid
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-01
The Politics Of Refugees In South Asia written by Navine Murshid and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-01 with History categories.
Partition and post-colonial migrations – sometimes voluntary, often forced – have created borders in South Asia that serve to oppress rather than protect. Migrants and refugees feel their real home lies beyond the border, and liberation struggles continue the quest for freedoms that have proven to be elusive for many. States scapegoat refugees as "outsiders" for their own ends, justifying the denial of their rights, while academic discourse on refugees represents them either as victims or as terrorists. Taking a stance against such projections, this book examines refugees’ struggles for better living conditions and against marginalization. By analyzing protest and militarization among refugees, the book argues that they are neither victims without agency nor war entrepreneurs. Through interviews, surveys, and statistical analyses, it shows how states have manipulated refugee identity and resistance to promote the ideal of the nation-state, thereby creating protracted refugee crises. This is evident even in the most humanitarian state intervention in modern South Asia – India’s military intervention in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1971. The findings put forward provide the basis to understand the conditions under which violence can break out, and thereby have implications for host countries, donor countries, and aid organizations in the formulation of refugee‐policy. The book is of interest to scholars in the fields of South Asian studies, comparative politics, international relations, refugee studies, development studies, security studies and peace studies.
A Tale Of Bias And Manipulation
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Author : Geoffrey Melvin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
A Tale Of Bias And Manipulation written by Geoffrey Melvin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees categories.
Refugee Manipulation
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Author : Stephen John Stedman
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2004-05-13
Refugee Manipulation written by Stephen John Stedman and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05-13 with Political Science categories.
Since World War II, refugee organizations have faced a recurrent challenge: the manipulation of refugees by warring parties to further their own aims. Some armies in civil wars, facing military defeat, use refugees as assets to establish the international legitimacy of their cause, treat refugee camps as sanctuaries and recruitment pools, and limit access to refugees to ensure that they will not repatriate. Focusing on the geopolitical security environment surrounding militarized camps and the response of humanitarian agencies, the contributors to this volume examine the ways armed groups manipulate refugees and how and why international actors assist their manipulation. They then offer suggestions for reducing the ability of such groups to use the suffering of refugees to their own advantage. The contributors examine three cases: Cambodian refugees along the Thai border in the 1970s and 1980s, Afghan refugees in Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s, and Rwandan refugees in Eastern Zaire from 1994–96. They argue that refugee manipulation occurs because warring parties gain resources in their fight for power and other actors, often the host government and regional and major powers encourage and support it. Manipulation is allowed to occur because the international refugee regime and major states have not identified a consistent approach to stopping it. In the post-Cold War era the United Nations and its members have chosen to treat the issue as a humanitarian problem instead of a security problem. As the contributors make clear, however, manipulation of refugees has important ramifications for international security, turning some civil wars into larger protracted regional wars. They argue that the geopolitics of refugee manipulation leads to sanguine conclusions about stopping it. Solutions must change the moral, political, and strategic calculations of states that are implicated in the manipulation. As long as the problem is not deemed a security threat
Condemned To Repeat
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Author : Fiona Terry
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-15
Condemned To Repeat written by Fiona Terry and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-15 with Political Science categories.
Humanitarian groups have failed, Fiona Terry believes, to face up to the core paradox of their activity: humanitarian action aims to alleviate suffering, but by inadvertently sustaining conflict it potentially prolongs suffering. In Condemned to Repeat?, Terry examines the side-effects of intervention by aid organizations and points out the need to acknowledge the political consequences of the choice to give aid. The author makes the controversial claim that aid agencies act as though the initial decision to supply aid satisfies any need for ethical discussion and are often blind to the moral quandaries of aid. Terry focuses on four historically relevant cases: Rwandan camps in Zaire, Afghan camps in Pakistan, Salvadoran and Nicaraguan camps in Honduras, and Cambodian camps in Thailand. Terry was the head of the French section of Medecins sans frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) when it withdrew from the Rwandan refugee camps in Zaire because aid intended for refugees actually strengthened those responsible for perpetrating genocide. This book contains documents from the former Rwandan army and government that were found in the refugee camps after they were attacked in late 1996. This material illustrates how combatants manipulate humanitarian action to their benefit. Condemned to Repeat? makes clear that the paradox of aid demands immediate attention by organizations and governments around the world. The author stresses that, if international agencies are to meet the needs of populations in crisis, their organizational behavior must adjust to the wider political and socioeconomic contexts in which aid occurs.
Weapons Of Mass Migration
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Author : Kelly M. Greenhill
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-23
Weapons Of Mass Migration written by Kelly M. Greenhill and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-23 with Political Science categories.
At first glance, the U.S. decision to escalate the war in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, China's position on North Korea's nuclear program in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the EU resolution to lift what remained of the arms embargo against Libya in the mid-2000s would appear to share little in common. Yet each of these seemingly unconnected and far-reaching foreign policy decisions resulted at least in part from the exercise of a unique kind of coercion, one predicated on the intentional creation, manipulation, and exploitation of real or threatened mass population movements. In Weapons of Mass Migration, Kelly M. Greenhill offers the first systematic examination of this widely deployed but largely unrecognized instrument of state influence. She shows both how often this unorthodox brand of coercion has been attempted (more than fifty times in the last half century) and how successful it has been (well over half the time). She also tackles the questions of who employs this policy tool, to what ends, and how and why it ever works. Coercers aim to affect target states' behavior by exploiting the existence of competing political interests and groups, Greenhill argues, and by manipulating the costs or risks imposed on target state populations. This "coercion by punishment" strategy can be effected in two ways: the first relies on straightforward threats to overwhelm a target's capacity to accommodate a refugee or migrant influx; the second, on a kind of norms-enhanced political blackmail that exploits the existence of legal and normative commitments to those fleeing violence, persecution, or privation. The theory is further illustrated and tested in a variety of case studies from Europe, East Asia, and North America. To help potential targets better respond to-and protect themselves against-this kind of unconventional predation, Weapons of Mass Migration also offers practicable policy recommendations for scholars, government officials, and anyone concerned about the true victims of this kind of coercion—the displaced themselves.
Mistrusting Refugees
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Author : E. Valentine Daniel
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1995
Mistrusting Refugees written by E. Valentine Daniel and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Political Science categories.
"A welcome contribution to the literature on refugees and refugee experience. It brings a refreshingly broad range of interpretive strategies and data to bear on the problem of how humanitarian agencies, intellectuals, and political activists might best understand the conflictive experiences of refugees."—Deborah A. Poole, New School for Social Research "A momentous effort in the elaboration of a meaningful discourse on the issue of refugees."—Jean-Paul Dumont, George Mason University
Forced To Flee
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Author : Peter W. Van Arsdale
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2006
Forced To Flee written by Peter W. Van Arsdale and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Political Science categories.
Author Peter W. Van Arsdale presents first-hand fieldwork conducted over a 30-year span in six refugee homelands ranging from Sudan to Bosnia. This expert research bridges the emergent refugee and human rights regimes, while addressing theories of obligation, justice, and structural violence.
The Oxford Handbook Of Refugee And Forced Migration Studies
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Author : Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-06-12
The Oxford Handbook Of Refugee And Forced Migration Studies written by Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-12 with Political Science categories.
Refugee and Forced Migration Studies has grown from being a concern of a relatively small number of scholars and policy researchers in the 1980s to a global field of interest with thousands of students worldwide studying displacement either from traditional disciplinary perspectives or as a core component of newer programmes across the Humanities and Social and Political Sciences. Today the field encompasses both rigorous academic research which may or may not ultimately inform policy and practice, as well as action-research focused on advocating in favour of refugees' needs and rights. This authoritative Handbook critically evaluates the birth and development of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, and analyses the key contemporary and future challenges faced by academics and practitioners working with and for forcibly displaced populations around the world. The 52 state-of-the-art chapters, written by leading academics, practitioners, and policymakers working in universities, research centres, think tanks, NGOs and international organizations, provide a comprehensive and cutting-edge overview of the key intellectual, political, social and institutional challenges arising from mass displacement in the world today. The chapters vividly illustrate the vibrant and engaging debates that characterize this rapidly expanding field of research and practice.