Regulation Of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Mitochondria In Cellular Homeostasis
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Regulation Of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Mitochondria In Cellular Homeostasis
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Author : Yongye Huang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-07
Regulation Of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Mitochondria In Cellular Homeostasis written by Yongye Huang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-07 with Science categories.
Mitochondria And Endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction In Parkinson S Disease
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Author : Sandeep Kumar Barodia
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-23
Mitochondria And Endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction In Parkinson S Disease written by Sandeep Kumar Barodia and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-23 with categories.
Several pathogenic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of substantial nigra (SN) dopamine (DA) neurons. Alterations in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, cellular proteostasis, axonal transport, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation are linked to PD. However, research involving inter-organelle communication and their significance as precise mechanisms underlying neuronal death in PD remain to be elucidated. Evidence showed that perturbations in the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Alterations in the mitochondria-ER interface have been reported in PARK2 knockout mice and patients harboring PARK2 mutations. Enhanced parkin levels maintain mitochondria-ER cross-talk and assure regulated Ca2+ transfer to sustain cell bioenergetics. Several familial PD-related proteins, including Parkin and PINK1, may lead to modifications in the mitochondria-ER signaling. Interestingly, mitochondria-ER tethering suppresses mitophagy and parkin/PINK1-dependent mechanism regulates the destruction of mitochondria-ER contact sites by catalyzing a rapid burst of Mfn2 phospho-ubiquitination to trigger p97-dependent disassembly of Mfn2 complexes from the outer mitochondrial membrane. Mitofusin-mediated ER stress elicited neurodegeneration in Pink1/Parkin models of PD. α-Synuclein, a presynaptic protein, can bind to the ER-mitochondria tethering protein vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) to disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial ATP production. It has been reported that ER stress and mitochondrial cell death pathways might mediate A53T mutant α-synuclein-induced toxicity. Mitochondria-ER signaling mechanism is poorly characterized in neurons and its association in neuronal pathophysiology remains uncertain. The presence of mitochondria-ER contacts in neurons, preferentially at synapses, suggests a potential role in regulating synaptic activity. Alterations in mitochondria-ER associations are expected to be potentially detrimental to neurons, especially to SN DA neurons. Compounds from an unbiased chemical screen reverse both ER-to-Golgi trafficking defects and associated mitochondrial dysfunction in different PD models. In addition, a dibenzoylmethane derivative protects DA neurons against ER stress. Thus, mitochondria-ER signaling may represent a possible upstream drug target as potential therapeutic strategy for PD. In this Research Topic, we bring together knowledge that emphasizes the importance of mitochondria-ER communication and its impact to further dissect the pathogenic mechanisms in PD.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Health And Disease
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Author : Patrizia Agostinis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-13
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Health And Disease written by Patrizia Agostinis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-13 with Medical categories.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an organelle with extraordinary signaling and homeostatic functions. It is the organelle responsible for protein folding, maturation, quality control and trafficking of proteins destined for the plasma membrane or for secretion into the extracellular environment. Failure, overloading or malfunctioning of any of the signaling or quality control mechanisms occurring in the ER may provoke a stress condition known as ‘ER stress’. Accumulating evidence indicates that ER stress may dramatically perturb interactions between the cell and its environment, and contribute to the development of human diseases, ranging from metabolic diseases and cancer to neurodegenerative diseases, or impact therapeutic outcome. This book primarily focuses on the pathophysiology of ER stress. It introduces the molecular bases of ER stress, the emerging relevance of the ER-mitochondria cross-talk, the signaling pathways engaged and cellular responses to ER stress, including the adaptive Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), autophagy as well as cell death. Next the book addresses the role of ER stress in physiology and in the etiology of relevant pathological conditions, like carcinogenesis and inflammation, neurodegeneration and metabolic disease. The last chapter describes how ER stress pathways can be targeted for therapeutic benefit. Altogether, this book will provide the reader with an exhaustive view of ER stress biology and the latest insights in the role of ER stress in relevant human diseases.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
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Author : Cameron Wagner
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2016
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress written by Cameron Wagner and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Science categories.
This book provides current research on the regulation, function and role in health and disease of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The first chapter focuses on evidence that supports the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) microdomain and oxidative stress during obesity as a molecular pathway to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. Also, it addresses protein missfolding and mitochondria function as potential targets to improve metabolic derangements in obesity and T2DM. Chapter Two summarizes and discusses the current understanding of molecular mechanisms linking ER stress to beta cell fate. Chapter Three depicts the association between eIF2? kinase-linked pathways and diet-linked pathogenic responses (such as ones caused by microbes or nutritional abnormalities). Chapter Four reviews placental endoplasmic reticulum stress in the determination of pregnancy outcome. The last chapter discusses the role of ER stress in meditating the anticancer effects of tocotrienols.
Mechanisms Of Regulation Of Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites
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Author : Renata Lopes Familiar Couto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Mechanisms Of Regulation Of Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites written by Renata Lopes Familiar Couto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
In eukaryotic cells, inter-organelle communication is crucial for several cellular functions, as well as for several cell signaling mechanisms. Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), for example, form tight contact sites that are implicated in many aspects of cell physiology, and whose disruption has been associated with pathology, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. Although the contacts between these organelles are one of the most studied and most stable, the basic understanding of their regulation, as well as the communication of these two organelles via signaling pathways ...
Mitochondrial Communication In Physiology Disease And Aging
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Author : Nuno Raimundo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-08-20
Mitochondrial Communication In Physiology Disease And Aging written by Nuno Raimundo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-20 with categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
The Inflammasomes
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Author : Isabelle Couillin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-07-02
The Inflammasomes written by Isabelle Couillin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-02 with Medical categories.
The inflammasome was first described in 2002 as a molecular complex activating proinflammatory caspases and therefore regulating the maturation and biological activities of cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18. This finding was substantiated by the identification of several mutations in the cias1 gene, encoding the human NLRP3 protein, responsible for several autoinflammatory disorders such as the Muckle Wells syndrome. Since, the interest for this complex has constantly increased and several inflammasome complexes with different specificities have been described. These inflammasomes sense a wide variety of pathogens and danger signals and are key players in the inflammatory response. With the contributions of leading international experts in the field, this book provides an extensive overview of the current knowledge of inflammasome biology and their role in health and disease.
Molecular Mechanisms And Physiological Significance Of Organelle Interactions And Cooperation
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Author : Michael Schrader
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-02-28
Molecular Mechanisms And Physiological Significance Of Organelle Interactions And Cooperation written by Michael Schrader and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-28 with Electronic book categories.
Eukaryotic cells contain distinct membrane-bound organelles, which compartmentalise cellular proteins to fulfil a variety of vital functions. Many organelles have long been regarded as isolated and static entities (e.g., peroxisomes, mitochondria, lipid droplets), but it is now evident that they display dynamic changes, interact with each other, share certain proteins and show metabolic cooperation and cross-talk. Despite great advances in the identification and characterisation of essential components and molecular mechanisms associated with the biogenesis and function of organelles, information on how organelles interact and are incorporated into metabolic pathways and signaling networks is just beginning to emerge. Organelle cooperation requires sophisticated targeting systems which regulate the proper distribution of shared proteins to more than one organelle. Organelle motility and membrane remodeling support organelle interaction and contact. This contact can be mediated by membrane proteins residing on different organelles which can serve as molecular tethers to physically link different organelles together. They can also contribute to the exchange of metabolites and ions, or act in the assembly of signaling platforms. In this regard organelle communication events have been associated with important cellular functions such as apoptosis, antiviral defense, organelle division/biogenesis, ROS metabolism and signaling, and various metabolic pathways such as breakdown of fatty acids or cholesterol biosynthesis. In this research topic we will focus on recent novel findings on the underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of organelle interaction and cooperation with a particular focus on mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and lipid droplets and their impact on the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Our understanding of how organelles physically interact and use cellular signaling systems to coordinate functional networks between each other is still in its infancy. Nevertheless recent discoveries of defined membrane structures such as the mitochondria-ER associated membranes (MAM) are revealing how membrane domains enriched in specific proteins transmit signals across organelle boundaries, allowing one organelle to influence the function of another. In addition to its role as a mediator between mitochondria and the ER, contacts between the MAM and peroxisomes contribute to antiviral signaling, and specialised regions of the ER are supposed to initiate peroxisome biogenesis, whereas intimate contacts between peroxisomes, lipid droplets and the ER mediate lipid metabolism. In line with these observations it is tempting to speculate that further physical contact sites between other organelles exist. Alternatively, novel regulated vesicle trafficking pathways between organelles (e.g., mitochondria to peroxisomes or lysosomes) have been discovered implying another mode of organelle communication. Identifying the key molecular players of such specialised membrane structures will be a prerequisite to understand how organelle communication is physically accomplished and will lead to the identification of new regulatory networks. In addition to the direct transmission of interorganellar information, cytosolic messenger systems (e.g., kinase/phosphatase systems or redox signaling) may contribute to the coordination of organelle functions. This research topic will integrate new findings from both modes of communication and will provide new perspectives for the functional significance of cross-talk among organelles. We would like to thank all the researchers who contributed their valuable work to this research topic. Furthermore, we are grateful to the reviewers and Associate Editors who contributed valuable comments and positive criticism to improve the contributions.
Calreticulin
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Author : Paul Eggleton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-07-31
Calreticulin written by Paul Eggleton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-31 with Science categories.
The book focuses on the latest discoveries on calreticulin, calnexin and other endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Calreticulin has been implicated to affect diverse cellular function and play a role in many pathologies including protein folding disorders, cardiac pathologies, cancer and autoimmunity. This book contains contributions from the world leaders in the area of endoplasmic reticulum function, protein folding, Calcium homeostasis and autoimmunity. It raises many intriguing questions about calreticulin, calnexin and the endoplasmic reticulum and gives a unique opportunity to realize the significance of these calcium-binding chaperones. The book is unique in every respect and we are not aware of any other publication focusing on these aspects of endoplasmic reticulum biology. Because of a central role of endoplasmic reticulum, calreticulin and calnexin in virtually all cellular functions, the book should be of interest to everyone in the biological sciences.
Organelle Contact Sites
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Author : Mitsuo Tagaya
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-16
Organelle Contact Sites written by Mitsuo Tagaya and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-16 with Science categories.
This book provides the first comprehensive coverage of the quickly evolving research field of membrane contact sites (MCS). A total of 16 chapters explain their organization and role and unveil the significance of MCS for various diseases. MCS, the intracellular structures where organellar membranes come in close contact with one another, mediate the exchange of proteins, lipids, and ions. Via these functions, MCS are critical for the survival and the growth of the cell. Owing to that central role in the functioning of cells, MCS dysfunctions lead to important defects of human physiology, influence viral and bacterial infection, and cause disease such as inflammation, type II diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. To approach such a multifaceted topic, this volume assembles a series of chapters dealing with the full array of research about MCS and their respective roles for diseases. Most chapters also introduce the history and the state of the art of MCS research, which will initiate discussion points for the respective types of MCS for years to come. This work will appeal to all cell biologists as well as researchers on diseases that are impacted by MCS dysfunction. Additionally, it will stimulate graduate students and postdocs who will energize, drive, and develop the research field in the near future.