Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Djibouti
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Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Djibouti
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Djibouti written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Djibouti is a republic with a strong elected president and a weak legislature. In April 2010 parliament amended the constitution to remove term limits, facilitating the April 8 reelection of President Ismail Omar Guelleh for a third term. The president won with 80 percent of the vote against one independent candidate, who was supported by one of two opposition coalitions that had boycotted the election until April 3; the other coalition did not participate in the election. International observers characterized the election as free and fair, although they criticized preelection planning and the presence of security forces at polling stations. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. The 2010 constitutional amendment removing presidential term limits, general dissatisfaction with the government, student unrest, and high levels of unemployment contributed to popular protests in February. On February 18, security forces used tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse violent young protestors who remained following a peaceful demonstration. One civilian and one police officer were killed, and numerous demonstrators were injured. The subsequent security crackdown resulted in numerous arrests, detentions, and criminal proceedings against demonstrators. Between March 25 and April 8, the official campaign period, the government banned opposition rallies.
Djibouti Country Reports On Human Rights Practices
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language : en
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Djibouti Country Reports On Human Rights Practices written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The U.S. Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor presents the "2000 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices" for Djibouti, which was released in February 2001. The report provides an overview of the country and discusses the respect for and abuses of human rights in Djibouti.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Guinea Bissau
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Guinea Bissau written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Guinea-Bissau is a multiparty republic. In July 2009 Malam Bacai Sanha of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was elected president in elections following the assassination of Joao Bernardo Vieira by the military. International observers declared the election to be generally free and fair despite election-related violence preceding the polls. As in the previous year, there were multiple instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. On December 26, fighting between rival factions of the military resulted in two deaths. Serious human rights abuses included beating and torture by security forces, poor conditions of detention, and violence--including female genital mutilation (FGM)--and discrimination against women. Other human rights abuses included arbitrary arrest and detention; lack of judicial independence and due process; interference with privacy; intimidation of journalists; widespread official corruption, exacerbated by government officials' impunity and suspected involvement in drug trafficking; trafficking of children; and child labor, including some forced labor.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Somalia
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-10
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Somalia written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-10 with categories.
Somalia is fragmented into regions led in whole or in part by different entities, including: the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) in Mogadishu, the self-declared Republic of Somaliland in the Northwest, Puntland in the Northeast, and Galmuduug in the central region. The TFG was formed in 2004 with a five-year mandate to establish permanent, representative governmental institutions and organize national elections. In 2009 a 550-member Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP), established under the internationally backed Djibouti Peace Process, extended the TFG's mandate until August 2011 and elected Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed as TFG president. On February 3, the TFP unilaterally extended its mandate by a further three years. On June 9, following a six-month stalemate between the TFP and the TFG (collectively referred to as the Transitional Federal Institutions, or TFIs) over ending the transitional period, both the president and the parliamentary speaker, Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden, signed the Kampala Accord. That accord extended the transition period to August 20, 2012, and stated that elections for president and parliamentary speaker should take place prior to that date. On September 6, the TFIs as well as regional and political stakeholders endorsed a Roadmap for Ending the Transition that includes the key essential tasks to be completed before August 2012. On December 13, members of the TFP passed a vote of no confidence against parliamentary speaker Sharif Hassan. The TFG, African Union, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, and Speaker Sharif Hassan himself all deemed the no-confidence vote to be a violation of the Kampala Accord and questioned whether the vote followed proper parliamentary procedure. At year's end Sharif Hassan remained in the speakership position. Conflict-related abuses, including killings, displacement, and restriction of humanitarian assistance continued to severely impact civilians. According to the UN, there were 1.36 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the country and 955,000 persons had taken refuge in other countries, primarily due to conflict, famine, and drought. Approximately 300,000 Somali refugees arrived in Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Yemen during the year. The rule of law was largely nonexistent. Al-Shabaab controlled most of the south and central regions, where it committed human rights abuses including killings, torture, restriction of humanitarian assistance, and extortion. On August 6, al-Shabaab withdrew from most areas of Mogadishu, but in the following months it continued attacks in the city.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Eritrea
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Eritrea written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
The Government of Eritrea is an authoritarian regime under the control of President Isaias Afwerki. The People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), headed by President Afwerki, is the sole political party. The PFDJ has controlled the country since 1991. Elections have not taken place since the country's independence from Ethiopia in 1993. Elements of the security forces frequently and with impunity acted independently of civilian control. There were consistent and persistent reports of serious human rights violations. These abuses included, but were not limited to, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions that included torture and incommunicado detention, which sometimes resulted in death; forced labor of indefinite duration through the mandatory national service program; and the severe restriction of civil liberties including freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and religion.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Equatorial Guinea
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Equatorial Guinea written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Equatorial Guinea is nominally a multiparty constitutional republic. Since a military coup in 1979, President Obiang Nguema Mbasogo dominated all branches of government in collaboration with his clan and his political party, the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE). In 2009 voters reelected President Obiang with a claimed 95.37 percent of votes cast. The lopsided results and weak independent monitoring of the electoral process raised suspicions of systematic vote fraud. Foreign diplomatic observers noted numerous irregularities and the presence of military personnel at all voting stations. There were instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. Major human rights abuses reported during the year included a disregard for the rule of law and due process, denial of basic political rights including freedom of speech and press, and widespread official corruption.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Mauritania
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Mauritania written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with categories.
Mauritania is a highly centralized Islamic republic with a president as head of state. The legislative function is exercised by the Senate and National Assembly, the former consisting of representatives chosen indirectly by municipal councilors and the latter directly elected by the voters. The legislative bodies were weak relative to the executive. The election of Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz as president in 2009 ended a political crisis caused by Aziz's 2008 coup d'etat against then president Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi. International observers declared the 2009 presidential election to be generally free and fair. In 2009 the majority party, Union for the Republic (UPR), won most of the seats in the indirect election to refill one-third of the Senate seats. The government indefinitely postponed new Senate, National Assembly, and municipal elections scheduled to take place during the year in accordance with the opposition's initial request, although controversy over the constitutionality of the election timetable continued throughout the year. Security forces reported to civilian authorities.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Republic Of Burundi
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Republic Of Burundi written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
The Republic of Burundi is a democratic, multiparty republic. The 2005 constitution provides for an executive branch that reports to the president, a bicameral parliament, and an independent judiciary. In June 2010 voters reelected President Pierre Nkurunziza, and in July 2010 they selected a new National Assembly (lower house) in elections that international observers found largely free, fair, peaceful, and consistent with international standards. The armed forces and other security forces reported to civilian authorities. While observers considered the military generally professional and apolitical, the intelligence service and the police tended to be influenced directly by and responsive to the ruling National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy party (CNDD-FDD). During the year the main human rights abuses included torture and extrajudicial executions of detainees, particularly of members of certain opposition political parties, by police, military, and intelligence services; prolonged pretrial detention of detainees, often without formal charges, in overcrowded, harsh, degrading, and sometimes life-threatening prison conditions; and a lack of judicial independence. Other human rights abuses included interference with and intimidation of government officials and political opposition members by certain members of the ruling CNDD-FDD party and the intelligence and police services. The political rights of certain opposition political parties--including the right to hold party meetings--were restricted arbitrarily, and members of these parties were detained and/or threatened and intimidated. Some journalists and members of civil society and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) critical of the ruling CNDD-FDD party and government were the objects of harassment and intimidation. Corruption existed at all levels of government. Women and girls suffered from violence and discrimination, and children and women were trafficked. Forced child labor also existed. The general reluctance and slowness of police and public prosecutors to investigate and prosecute--and of judges to hear--cases of government corruption and human rights abuse led to a widespread perception of impunity for government and ruling CNDD-FDD party officials and agents. In many cases investigative and judicial officials hesitated to act as a result of bribes or threats to themselves or their families.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of South Africa
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of South Africa written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with categories.
South Africa is a multiparty parliamentary democracy in which constitutional power is shared between the president and the parliament. In 2009 the country held a largely free and fair election in which the ruling African National Congress (ANC) won 65.9 percent of the vote and 264 of 400 seats in the National Assembly, which then elected ANC President Jacob Zuma as the country's president. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Principal human rights problems included police use of lethal and excessive force, including torture, against suspects and detainees, which resulted in deaths and injuries; vigilante and mob violence; and prison overcrowding and abuse of prisoners, including beatings and rape by prison guards. Other human rights problems included arbitrary arrest; lengthy delays in trials and prolonged pretrial detention; forcible dispersal of demonstrations; pervasive violence against women and children; societal discrimination against women, persons with disabilities, and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community; trafficking in persons; violence resulting from racial and ethnic tensions and conflicts with foreigners; and child labor, including forced child labor and child prostitution. The government investigated and prosecuted officials who committed abuses, but there were numerous reports of impunity.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Ethiopia
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Ethiopia written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Ethiopia is a federal republic led by Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). In national parliamentary elections in May 2010, the EPRDF and affiliated parties won 545 of 547 seats to remain in power for a fourth consecutive five-year term. The EPRDF is made up of four ethnically based political organizations: the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front, Amhara National Democratic Movement, Oromo People's Democratic Organization, and Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement. Although the relatively few international officials allowed to observe the elections concluded that technical aspects of the vote were handled competently, some also noted that an environment conducive to free and fair elections was not in place prior to election day. Several laws, regulations, and procedures implemented since the 2005 national elections created a clear advantage for the EPRDF throughout the electoral process. Security forces generally reported to civilian authorities; however, there were instances in which special police and local militias acted independently of civilian control.