Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of South Africa
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Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of South Africa
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of South Africa written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with categories.
South Africa is a multiparty parliamentary democracy in which constitutional power is shared between the president and the parliament. In 2009 the country held a largely free and fair election in which the ruling African National Congress (ANC) won 65.9 percent of the vote and 264 of 400 seats in the National Assembly, which then elected ANC President Jacob Zuma as the country's president. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Principal human rights problems included police use of lethal and excessive force, including torture, against suspects and detainees, which resulted in deaths and injuries; vigilante and mob violence; and prison overcrowding and abuse of prisoners, including beatings and rape by prison guards. Other human rights problems included arbitrary arrest; lengthy delays in trials and prolonged pretrial detention; forcible dispersal of demonstrations; pervasive violence against women and children; societal discrimination against women, persons with disabilities, and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community; trafficking in persons; violence resulting from racial and ethnic tensions and conflicts with foreigners; and child labor, including forced child labor and child prostitution. The government investigated and prosecuted officials who committed abuses, but there were numerous reports of impunity.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Lesotho
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Lesotho written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy. Under the constitution the king is head of state but does not actively participate in political activities. The prime minister is head of government and has executive authority. In the most recent elections in 2007, the governing Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD) party retained a majority of seats in parliament; domestic and international observers characterized the election as generally free and peaceful. However, some members of the leading opposition parties and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) claimed it was not entirely fair. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Torture and physical abuse by police, poor prison conditions, and abuse of spouses and children were the most important human rights problems in the country. Other human rights problems included lengthy pretrial detention and long trial delays and stigmatization of persons with HIV/AIDS. Societal abuses included sexual abuse, stigmatization of persons with disabilities, mob violence, human trafficking, and child labor.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Guinea Bissau
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Guinea Bissau written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Guinea-Bissau is a multiparty republic. In July 2009 Malam Bacai Sanha of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was elected president in elections following the assassination of Joao Bernardo Vieira by the military. International observers declared the election to be generally free and fair despite election-related violence preceding the polls. As in the previous year, there were multiple instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. On December 26, fighting between rival factions of the military resulted in two deaths. Serious human rights abuses included beating and torture by security forces, poor conditions of detention, and violence--including female genital mutilation (FGM)--and discrimination against women. Other human rights abuses included arbitrary arrest and detention; lack of judicial independence and due process; interference with privacy; intimidation of journalists; widespread official corruption, exacerbated by government officials' impunity and suspected involvement in drug trafficking; trafficking of children; and child labor, including some forced labor.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Namibia
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Namibia written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with categories.
Namibia is a multiparty democracy. The presidential and parliamentary elections held in November 2009 resulted in the re-election of President Hifikepunye Pohamba and the retention by the ruling South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) of its large parliamentary majority. SWAPO is a multiethnic party, but it is dominated by the large Ovambo ethnic group. Despite some reported irregularities and a legal challenge by nine opposition parties that was ongoing at year's end, international observers characterized the election as generally free and fair. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Three predominant human rights abuses in the country included police use of excessive force, poor detention center conditions, and violence and discrimination against women and children, including rape, child abuse, and child labor. Other human rights problems included prolonged pretrial detention and long delays in trials, harassment and political intimidation of opposition members, and official corruption. Other societal abuses included discrimination against ethnic minorities and indigenous people; child trafficking, mostly for use as labor; and discrimination and violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Botswana
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Botswana written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Botswana has been a multiparty democracy since independence in 1966. Its constitution provides for indirect election of a president and popular election of a National Assembly. In 2009 the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) won the majority of parliamentary seats in an election deemed generally free and fair. President Ian Khama, who has held the presidency since the resignation of President Festus Mogae in 2008, retained his position. The BDP has held the presidency and a majority of National Assembly seats since independence. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. The main human rights concerns during the year included violence against women and children, child labor in the form of cattle herding, and discrimination against the San people. Other human rights problems included overcrowded prison conditions and lengthy delays in the judicial process. Societal problems included trafficking in persons. The government took steps to prosecute officials who committed abuses, including prosecuting and convicting military officers for murder. Impunity was generally not a problem.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Mozambique
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Mozambique written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with categories.
Mozambique is a constitutional democracy. In 2009 voters reelected President Armando Guebuza in a contest criticized by several national and international observers, including the EU and the Commonwealth, as lacking a "level playing field" and faulted for lacking transparency, integrity, impartiality, and independence. Domestic and foreign observers and local civil society expressed concern over the electoral procedures that preceded the balloting, particularly the exclusion of six of nine presidential candidates and the disqualification of one opposition party's parliamentary candidates from seven of 11 provinces. There were instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. Incidents of serious human rights abuse occurred during the year; the three most important were unlawful killings by security forces, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions including beating of prisoners, and domestic violence.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Angola
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Angola written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Angola is a constitutional republic. The ruling Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, has been in power since independence in 1975 and exercised tight, centralized control over government planning, policymaking, and media outlets. In 2008 the government held the first legislative elections since 1992. Domestic and international observers reported that polling throughout the country was peaceful and generally credible, despite a ruling party advantage due to state control of major media and other resources and serious logistical failures that marred polling in the capital, Luanda. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. The three most important human rights abuses were lack of judicial process and judicial inefficiency; limits on the freedom of assembly, association, speech, and press; and the abridgement of citizens' right to elect officials at all levels.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Equatorial Guinea
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Equatorial Guinea written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Equatorial Guinea is nominally a multiparty constitutional republic. Since a military coup in 1979, President Obiang Nguema Mbasogo dominated all branches of government in collaboration with his clan and his political party, the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE). In 2009 voters reelected President Obiang with a claimed 95.37 percent of votes cast. The lopsided results and weak independent monitoring of the electoral process raised suspicions of systematic vote fraud. Foreign diplomatic observers noted numerous irregularities and the presence of military personnel at all voting stations. There were instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. Major human rights abuses reported during the year included a disregard for the rule of law and due process, denial of basic political rights including freedom of speech and press, and widespread official corruption.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Republic Of Burundi
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Republic Of Burundi written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
The Republic of Burundi is a democratic, multiparty republic. The 2005 constitution provides for an executive branch that reports to the president, a bicameral parliament, and an independent judiciary. In June 2010 voters reelected President Pierre Nkurunziza, and in July 2010 they selected a new National Assembly (lower house) in elections that international observers found largely free, fair, peaceful, and consistent with international standards. The armed forces and other security forces reported to civilian authorities. While observers considered the military generally professional and apolitical, the intelligence service and the police tended to be influenced directly by and responsive to the ruling National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy party (CNDD-FDD). During the year the main human rights abuses included torture and extrajudicial executions of detainees, particularly of members of certain opposition political parties, by police, military, and intelligence services; prolonged pretrial detention of detainees, often without formal charges, in overcrowded, harsh, degrading, and sometimes life-threatening prison conditions; and a lack of judicial independence. Other human rights abuses included interference with and intimidation of government officials and political opposition members by certain members of the ruling CNDD-FDD party and the intelligence and police services. The political rights of certain opposition political parties--including the right to hold party meetings--were restricted arbitrarily, and members of these parties were detained and/or threatened and intimidated. Some journalists and members of civil society and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) critical of the ruling CNDD-FDD party and government were the objects of harassment and intimidation. Corruption existed at all levels of government. Women and girls suffered from violence and discrimination, and children and women were trafficked. Forced child labor also existed. The general reluctance and slowness of police and public prosecutors to investigate and prosecute--and of judges to hear--cases of government corruption and human rights abuse led to a widespread perception of impunity for government and ruling CNDD-FDD party officials and agents. In many cases investigative and judicial officials hesitated to act as a result of bribes or threats to themselves or their families.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Eritrea
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Eritrea written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
The Government of Eritrea is an authoritarian regime under the control of President Isaias Afwerki. The People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), headed by President Afwerki, is the sole political party. The PFDJ has controlled the country since 1991. Elections have not taken place since the country's independence from Ethiopia in 1993. Elements of the security forces frequently and with impunity acted independently of civilian control. There were consistent and persistent reports of serious human rights violations. These abuses included, but were not limited to, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions that included torture and incommunicado detention, which sometimes resulted in death; forced labor of indefinite duration through the mandatory national service program; and the severe restriction of civil liberties including freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and religion.