Representing Droplet Size Distribution And Cloud Processes In Aerosol Cloud Climate Interaction Studies
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Representing Droplet Size Distribution And Cloud Processes In Aerosol Cloud Climate Interaction Studies
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Author : Wei-Chun Hsieh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Representing Droplet Size Distribution And Cloud Processes In Aerosol Cloud Climate Interaction Studies written by Wei-Chun Hsieh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Aerosols categories.
The indirect effect of aerosols expresses how changes in aerosols would influence clouds and cause impacts on Earth's climate and hydrological cycle. The current assessment of the interactions between aerosols and clouds is uncertain and parameterizations used to represent cloud processes are not well constrained. This thesis first evaluates a cloud activation parameterization by investigating cloud droplet number concentration closure for stratocumulus clouds sampled during the 2005 MArine Stratus Experiment (MASE). Further analysis of the droplet size distribution characteristics using the extended parameterization is performed by comparing the predicted droplet spectra with the observed ones. The effect of dynamical variability on the droplet size distribution evolution is also investigated by considering a probability density function for updraft velocity. The cumulus and stratocumulus cloud datasets from in-situ field measurements of NASA's Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) and Coastal STRatocumulus Imposed Perturbation Experiment (CSTRIPE) campaigns are used for this task. Using the same datasets, the autoconversion rate is calculated based on direct integration of kinematic collection equation (KCE). Six autoconversion parameterizations are evaluated and the effect of turbulence on magnifying collection process is also considered. Finally, a general circulation model (GCM) is used for studying the effect of different autoconversion parameterizations on indirect forcing estimates. The autoconversion rate given by direct KCE integration is also included by implementing a look-up table for collection kernels. Although these studies add more variability to the current estimate of aerosol indirect forcing, they also provide direction towards a more accurate assessment for climate prediction.
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts
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Author : Mian Chin
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2009-05
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts written by Mian Chin and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05 with Science categories.
This Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) critically reviews current knowledge about global distributions and properties of atmospheric aerosols, as they relate to aerosol impacts on climate. It assesses possible next steps aimed at substantially reducing uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates. Current measurement techniques and modeling approaches are summarized, providing context. The objectives of this report are: (1) to promote a consensus about the knowledge base for climate change decision support; and (2) to provide a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the climate-relevant impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. Illustrations.
Opportunities To Improve Representation Of Clouds And Aerosols In Climate Models With Classified Observing Systems
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-08-31
Opportunities To Improve Representation Of Clouds And Aerosols In Climate Models With Classified Observing Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-31 with Science categories.
One of the most significant and uncertain aspects of climate change projections is the impact of aerosols on the climate system. Aerosols influence the climate indirectly by interacting with nearby clouds leading to small changes in cloud cover, thickness, and altitude, which significantly affect Earth's radiative balance. Advancements have been made in recent years on understanding the complex processes and atmospheric interactions involved when aerosols interact with surrounding clouds, but further progress has been hindered by limited observations. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop to discuss the usefulness of the classified observing systems in advancing understanding of cloud and aerosol interactions. Because these systems were not developed with weather and climate modeling as a primary mission objective, many participants said it is necessary for scientists to find creative ways to utilize the data. The data from these systems have the potential to be useful in advancing understanding of cloud and aerosol interactions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Laboratory Directed Research And Development
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Author : Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Laboratory Directed Research And Development written by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Research categories.
Aerosol Cloud Interactions From Urban Regional To Global Scales
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Author : Yuan Wang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-05-05
Aerosol Cloud Interactions From Urban Regional To Global Scales written by Yuan Wang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-05 with Science categories.
The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Atmospheric ozone categories.
Shallow Clouds Water Vapor Circulation And Climate Sensitivity
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Author : Robert Pincus
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-29
Shallow Clouds Water Vapor Circulation And Climate Sensitivity written by Robert Pincus and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-29 with Science categories.
This volume presents a series of overview articles arising from a workshop exploring the links among shallow clouds, water vapor, circulation, and climate sensitivity. It provides a state-of-the art synthesis of understanding about the coupling of clouds and water vapor to the large-scale circulation. The emphasis is on two phenomena, namely the self-aggregation of deep convection and interactions between low clouds and the large-scale environment, with direct links to the sensitivity of climate to radiative perturbations. Each subject is approached using simulations, observations, and synthesizing theory; particular attention is paid to opportunities offered by new remote-sensing technologies, some still prospective. The collection provides a thorough grounding in topics representing one of the World Climate Research Program’s Grand Challenges. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 38, Issue 6, 2017 The aritcles “Observing Convective Aggregation”, “An Observational View of Relationships Between Moisture Aggregation, Cloud, and Radiative Heating Profiles”, “Implications of Warm Rain in Shallow Cumulus and Congestus Clouds for Large-Scale Circulations”, “A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment”, “Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Cloud-Controlling Factors: A Review”, “Mechanisms and Model Diversity of Trade-Wind Shallow Cumulus Cloud Feedbacks: A Review”, “Structure and Dynamical Influence of Water Vapor in the Lower Tropical Troposphere”, “Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles”, “Observational Constraints on Cloud Feedbacks: The Role of Active Satellite Sensors”, and “EUREC4A: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation” are available as open access articles under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
A National Strategy For Advancing Climate Modeling
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Author : Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-01-07
A National Strategy For Advancing Climate Modeling written by Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-07 with Science categories.
As climate change has pushed climate patterns outside of historic norms, the need for detailed projections is growing across all sectors, including agriculture, insurance, and emergency preparedness planning. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling emphasizes the needs for climate models to evolve substantially in order to deliver climate projections at the scale and level of detail desired by decision makers, this report finds. Despite much recent progress in developing reliable climate models, there are still efficiencies to be gained across the large and diverse U.S. climate modeling community. Evolving to a more unified climate modeling enterprise-in particular by developing a common software infrastructure shared by all climate researchers and holding an annual climate modeling forum-could help speed progress. Throughout this report, several recommendations and guidelines are outlined to accelerate progress in climate modeling. The U.S. supports several climate models, each conceptually similar but with components assembled with slightly different software and data output standards. If all U.S. climate models employed a single software system, it could simplify testing and migration to new computing hardware, and allow scientists to compare and interchange climate model components, such as land surface or ocean models. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling recommends an annual U.S. climate modeling forum be held to help bring the nation's diverse modeling communities together with the users of climate data. This would provide climate model data users with an opportunity to learn more about the strengths and limitations of models and provide input to modelers on their needs and provide a venue for discussions of priorities for the national modeling enterprise, and bring disparate climate science communities together to design common modeling experiments. In addition, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling explains that U.S. climate modelers will need to address an expanding breadth of scientific problems while striving to make predictions and projections more accurate. Progress toward this goal can be made through a combination of increasing model resolution, advances in observations, improved model physics, and more complete representations of the Earth system. To address the computing needs of the climate modeling community, the report suggests a two-pronged approach that involves the continued use and upgrading of existing climate-dedicated computing resources at modeling centers, together with research on how to effectively exploit the more complex computer hardware systems expected over the next 10 to 20 years.
Cloud Systems Hurricanes And The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Trmm
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Author : Wei-Kuo Tao
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-03-30
Cloud Systems Hurricanes And The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Trmm written by Wei-Kuo Tao and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-30 with Science categories.
This book is a tribute to a pioneer in tropical meteorology research, Dr. Joanne Simpson. It is a recollection of some of the high points of her career, from her fifty years of investigating hurricanes and clouds to her management of the crutial and highly successful TRMM project (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), a joint mission between the NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
Clouds And Their Climatic Impact
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Author : Sylvia C. Sullivan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-12-11
Clouds And Their Climatic Impact written by Sylvia C. Sullivan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-11 with Science categories.
Exploring how clouds influence radiation, circulation, and precipitation Clouds are an influential and complex element of Earth's climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention. Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall. Volume highlights include: Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements The role of machine learning in understanding clouds and climate The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.