Representing Uncertain Knowledge
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Representing Uncertain Knowledge
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Author : Paul Krause
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Representing Uncertain Knowledge written by Paul Krause and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
The representation of uncertainty is a central issue in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and is being addressed in many different ways. Each approach has its proponents, and each has had its detractors. However, there is now an in creasing move towards the belief that an eclectic approach is required to represent and reason under the many facets of uncertainty. We believe that the time is ripe for a wide ranging, yet accessible, survey of the main for malisms. In this book, we offer a broad perspective on uncertainty and approach es to managing uncertainty. Rather than provide a daunting mass of techni cal detail, we have focused on the foundations and intuitions behind the various schools. The aim has been to present in one volume an overview of the major issues and decisions to be made in representing uncertain knowl edge. We identify the central role of managing uncertainty to AI and Expert Systems, and provide a comprehensive introduction to the different aspects of uncertainty. We then describe the rationales, advantages and limitations of the major approaches that have been taken, using illustrative examples. The book ends with a review of the lessons learned and current research di rections in the field. The intended readership will include researchers and practitioners in volved in the design and implementation of Decision Support Systems, Ex pert Systems, other Knowledge-Based Systems and in Cognitive Science.
Reasoning About Uncertainty Second Edition
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Author : Joseph Y. Halpern
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2017-04-07
Reasoning About Uncertainty Second Edition written by Joseph Y. Halpern and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-07 with Computers categories.
Formal ways of representing uncertainty and various logics for reasoning about it; updated with new material on weighted probability measures, complexity-theoretic considerations, and other topics. In order to deal with uncertainty intelligently, we need to be able to represent it and reason about it. In this book, Joseph Halpern examines formal ways of representing uncertainty and considers various logics for reasoning about it. While the ideas presented are formalized in terms of definitions and theorems, the emphasis is on the philosophy of representing and reasoning about uncertainty. Halpern surveys possible formal systems for representing uncertainty, including probability measures, possibility measures, and plausibility measures; considers the updating of beliefs based on changing information and the relation to Bayes' theorem; and discusses qualitative, quantitative, and plausibilistic Bayesian networks. This second edition has been updated to reflect Halpern's recent research. New material includes a consideration of weighted probability measures and how they can be used in decision making; analyses of the Doomsday argument and the Sleeping Beauty problem; modeling games with imperfect recall using the runs-and-systems approach; a discussion of complexity-theoretic considerations; the application of first-order conditional logic to security. Reasoning about Uncertainty is accessible and relevant to researchers and students in many fields, including computer science, artificial intelligence, economics (particularly game theory), mathematics, philosophy, and statistics.
Uncertainty And Vagueness In Knowledge Based Systems
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Author : Rudolf Kruse
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Uncertainty And Vagueness In Knowledge Based Systems written by Rudolf Kruse and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
The primary aim of this monograph is to provide a formal framework for the representation and management of uncertainty and vagueness in the field of artificial intelligence. It puts particular emphasis on a thorough analysis of these phenomena and on the development of sound mathematical modeling approaches. Beyond this theoretical basis the scope of the book includes also implementational aspects and a valuation of existing models and systems. The fundamental ambition of this book is to show that vagueness and un certainty can be handled adequately by using measure-theoretic methods. The presentation of applicable knowledge representation formalisms and reasoning algorithms substantiates the claim that efficiency requirements do not necessar ily require renunciation of an uncompromising mathematical modeling. These results are used to evaluate systems based on probabilistic methods as well as on non-standard concepts such as certainty factors, fuzzy sets or belief functions. The book is intended to be self-contained and addresses researchers and practioneers in the field of knowledge based systems. It is in particular suit able as a textbook for graduate-level students in AI, operations research and applied probability. A solid mathematical background is necessary for reading this book. Essential parts of the material have been the subject of courses given by the first author for students of computer science and mathematics held since 1984 at the University in Braunschweig.
Representing Scientific Knowledge
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Author : Chaomei Chen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-25
Representing Scientific Knowledge written by Chaomei Chen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-25 with Computers categories.
This book is written for anyone who is interested in how a field of research evolves and the fundamental role of understanding uncertainties involved in different levels of analysis, ranging from macroscopic views to meso- and microscopic ones. We introduce a series of computational and visual analytic techniques, from research areas such as text mining, deep learning, information visualization and science mapping, such that readers can apply these tools to the study of a subject matter of their choice. In addition, we set the diverse set of methods in an integrative context, that draws upon insights from philosophical, sociological, and evolutionary theories of what drives the advances of science, such that the readers of the book can guide their own research with their enriched theoretical foundations. Scientific knowledge is complex. A subject matter is typically built on its own set of concepts, theories, methodologies and findings, discovered by generations of researchers and practitioners. Scientific knowledge, as known to the scientific community as a whole, experiences constant changes. Some changes are long-lasting, whereas others may be short lived. How can we keep abreast of the state of the art as science advances? How can we effectively and precisely convey the status of the current science to the general public as well as scientists across different disciplines? The study of scientific knowledge in general has been overwhelmingly focused on scientific knowledge per se. In contrast, the status of scientific knowledge at various levels of granularity has been largely overlooked. This book aims to highlight the role of uncertainties, in developing a better understanding of the status of scientific knowledge at a particular time, and how its status evolves over the course of the development of research. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the knowledge of the types of uncertainties associated with scientific claims serves as an integral and critical part of our domain expertise.
Logical Structures For Representation Of Knowledge And Uncertainty
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Author : Ellen Hisdal
language : en
Publisher: Physica
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Logical Structures For Representation Of Knowledge And Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and has been published by Physica this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Mathematics categories.
It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).
Information Uncertainty And Fusion
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Author : Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Information Uncertainty And Fusion written by Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
As we stand at the precipice of the twenty first century the ability to capture and transmit copious amounts of information is clearly a defining feature of the human race. In order to increase the value of this vast supply of information we must develop means for effectively processing it. Newly emerging disciplines such as Information Engineering and Soft Computing are being developed in order to provide the tools required. Conferences such as the International Conference on Information Processing and ManagementofUncertainty in Knowledge-based Systems (IPMU) are being held to provide forums in which researchers can discuss the latest developments. The recent IPMU conference held at La Sorbonne in Paris brought together some of the world's leading experts in uncertainty and information fusion. In this volume we have included a selection ofpapers from this conference. What should be clear from looking at this volume is the number of different ways that are available for representing uncertain information. This variety in representational frameworks is a manifestation of the different types of uncertainty that appear in the information available to the users. Perhaps, the representation with the longest history is probability theory. This representation is best at addressing the uncertainty associated with the occurrence of different values for similar variables. This uncertainty is often described as randomness. Rough sets can be seen as a type of uncertainty that can deal effectively with lack of specificity, it is a powerful tool for manipulating granular information.
Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty
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Author : Paul R. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Pitman Publishing
Release Date : 1985
Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty written by Paul R. Cohen and has been published by Pitman Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Computers categories.
Discovery And Fusion Of Uncertain Knowledge In Data
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Author : Yue Kun
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2017-09-28
Discovery And Fusion Of Uncertain Knowledge In Data written by Yue Kun and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-28 with Computers categories.
Data analysis is of upmost importance in the mining of big data, where knowledge discovery and inference are the basis for intelligent systems to support the real world applications. However, the process involves knowledge acquisition, representation, inference and data, Bayesian network (BN) is the key technology plays a key role in knowledge representation, in order to pave way to cope with incomplete, fuzzy data to solve the real-life problems. This book presents Bayesian network as a technology to support data-intensive and incremental learning in knowledge discovery, inference and data fusion in uncertain environment. Contents: IntroductionData-Intensive Learning of Uncertain KnowledgeData-Intensive Inferences of Large-Scale Bayesian NetworksUncertain Knowledge Representation and Inference for Lineage Processing over Uncertain DataUncertain Knowledge Representation and Inference for Tracing Errors in Uncertain DataFusing Uncertain Knowledge in Time-Series DataSummary Readership: Graduate students, researchers and professionals in the field of artificial intelligence/machine learning and information sciences, especially in databases. Keywords: Uncertain Knowledge;Bayesian Network;Data-Intensive Computing;Lineage;Inference;FusionReview: Key Features: Upon the preliminaries of BN (Pearl, 1988), this book establishes the connection between massive/uncertain/dynamic data management and uncertainty in artificial intelligence, specifically taking BN as the knowledge framework; different from the publications (Pearl, 1988; Russel & Norvig, 2010), this book concerns uncertain knowledge representation and corresponding inferences from the data-driven perspective, where we focus on the construction of knowledge models with respect to specific applications; different from the publication (Han, 2011), this book focuses on the critical problem of knowledge engineering specially taking BN as the framework, instead of the previously-unknown patterns by mining dataThis book presents the theoretic conclusions, algorithmic strategies, running examples and empirical studies while emphasizing the soundness in both theoretic/semantic and executive/applicable perspectives of the methods for discovery and fusion of uncertain knowledge in dataThis book is appropriately a reference book for researchers in the fields of massive data analysis, artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering. As well, this book can be also adopted as textbook for graduate students who major in data mining and knowledge discovery, or intelligent data analysis etc.
Artificial Intelligence With Uncertainty
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Author : Deyi Li
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-05-18
Artificial Intelligence With Uncertainty written by Deyi Li and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-18 with Mathematics categories.
This book develops a framework that shows how uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (AI) expands and generalizes traditional AI. It explores the uncertainties of knowledge and intelligence. The authors focus on the importance of natural language – the carrier of knowledge and intelligence, and introduce efficient physical methods for data mining amd control. In this new edition, we have more in-depth description of the models and methods, of which the mathematical properties are proved strictly which make these theories and methods more complete. The authors also highlight their latest research results.
Quantified Representation Of Uncertainty And Imprecision
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Author : Dov M. Gabbay
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1998-10-31
Quantified Representation Of Uncertainty And Imprecision written by Dov M. Gabbay and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-10-31 with Philosophy categories.
We are happy to present the first volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Uncertainty pervades the real world and must therefore be addressed by every system that attempts to represent reality. The representation of uncertainty is a ma jor concern of philosophers, logicians, artificial intelligence researchers and com puter sciencists, psychologists, statisticians, economists and engineers. The present Handbook volumes provide frontline coverage of this area. This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosoph ical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning. We hope it will answer the needs for adequate representations of uncertainty. This Handbook series grew out of the ESPRIT Basic Research Project DRUMS II, where the acronym is made out of the Handbook series title. This project was financially supported by the European Union and regroups 20 major European research teams working in the general domain of uncertainty. As a fringe benefit of the DRUMS project, the research community was able to create this Hand book series, relying on the DRUMS participants as the core of the authors for the Handbook together with external international experts.