Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Air categories.
And conclusions -- Introduction -- Estimation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure -- Hazard identification I: lung cancer in active smokers, long-term animal bioassays, and genotoxicity studies -- Hazard identification II: interpretation of epidemiologic studies on environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer -- Population risk of lung cancer from passive smoking -- Passive smoking and respiratory disorders other than cancer -- Assessment of increased risk for respiratory illnesses in children from environmental tobacco smoke.
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author : U.s. Environmental Protection Agency
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-05-22
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by U.s. Environmental Protection Agency and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-22 with Medical categories.
An estimated 434,000 deaths per year in the U.S., or more than one of every six deaths, are attributable to tobacco use, in particular cigarette smoking (CDC, 1991a; figures for 1988). Approximately 112,000 of these smoking-related deaths are from lung cancer, accounting for an estimated 87% of U.S. lung cancer mortality. Cigarette smoking is also causally related to cancer at various other sites, such as the bladder, renal pelvis, pancreas, and upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Roughly 30,000 deaths per year from cancers at these sites are attributable to smoking. Furthermore, smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema, and is thought to be responsible for approximately 61,000 COPD deaths yearly, or about 82% of COPD deaths. Tobacco use is also a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in the U.S. It is estimated that each year 156,000 heart disease deaths and 26,000 deaths from stroke are attributable to smoking. In addition to this substantial mortality, the association of smoking with these conditions also involves significant morbidity. Smoking also is a risk factor for various respiratory infections, such as influenza, bronchitis, and pneumonia. An estimated 20,000 influenza and pneumonia deaths per year are attributable to smoking. Smokers also suffer from lung function impairment and numerous other respiratory symptoms, such as cough, phlegm production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. In addition, smokers are at increased risk for a variety of other conditions, including pregnancy complications and ulcers. Although the exact mechanisms and tobacco smoke components associated with these health effects are not known with certainty, more than 40 known or suspected human carcinogens have been identified in tobacco smoke. Many other toxic agents, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide, are also found in tobacco smoke. Smokers, however, are not the only ones at risk from exposure to these tobacco smoke toxicants. In utero exposure from maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be associated with low birth weight and increased risk of fetal and infant death. Furthermore, nonsmokers might be at risk for smoking-associated health effects from "passive smoking," or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). When a cigarette is smoked, approximately one-half of the smoke generated is sidestream smoke (SS) emitted from the smoldering cigarette between puffs. This SS contains essentially all of the same carcinogenic and toxic agents that have been identified in the mainstream smoke (MS) inhaled by the smoker). SS and exhaled MS are the major components of ETS. Environmental monitoring and measurements of biomarkers for ETS in the biological fluids of nonsmokers demonstrate that ETS constituents can be found at elevated levels in indoor environments where smoking occurs and that these constituents are inhaled and absorbed by nonsmokers. Twenty-six percent of the U.S. adult population, or about 50 million Americans, are smokers, and so virtually all Americans are likely to be exposed to some amount of ETS in the home, at work, or in public places. Measurements of biomarkers for ETS in nonsmokers confirm that nearly all Americans are exposed to ETS. In view of the high levels of mortality and morbidity associated with smoking, the chemical similarity between ETS and MS, and the considerable likelihood for exposure of nonsmokers to ETS, passive smoking is potentially a substantial public health concern. The objectives of this report are to assess the risk to nonsmokers for respiratory health effects from exposure to ETS (hazard identification) and to estimate the population impact (quantitative population risk assessment) of any such ETS-attributable respiratory effects.
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author : United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-30
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-30 with categories.
Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Passive smoking categories.
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author : Gordon Press Publishers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997-06
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by Gordon Press Publishers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-06 with categories.
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1993
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Passive smoking categories.
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Carcinogens categories.
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Lungs categories.
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Respiratory Health Effects Of Passive Smoking written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Passive smoking categories.
The Health Consequences Of Involuntary Exposure To Tobacco Smoke
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Health Consequences Of Involuntary Exposure To Tobacco Smoke written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Passive smoking categories.
This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.