Restoration And Universal Operation Of Grid Forming Inverters
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Restoration And Universal Operation Of Grid Forming Inverters
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Author : Fahmid Sadeque
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Restoration And Universal Operation Of Grid Forming Inverters written by Fahmid Sadeque and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This dissertation presents novel control methods for frequency and voltage restoration, and universal operation of grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The developed controllers solve the technical challenges for a microgrid with multiple GFM inverters in synchronization and power-sharing, phase-angle detection under asymmetrical conditions, capability to operate in the grid-following (GFL) mode, and frequency and voltage restoration. First, two synchronization methods for GFM inverters are presented. In the output-sync method, an incoming GFM inverter synchronizes its output voltage parameters, i.e., amplitude, phase angle, and frequency, at its point of common coupling (PCC) before closing the circuit breaker. The task is uniquely performed by introducing two proportional-integral (PI) controllers that adjust the output voltage and the angular frequency of the inverter. In the controller-sync method, two sets of controller paths are run in parallel and kept synchronized to produce the same PWM reference. But, only one set of the controller is engaged at a time. The uniqueness of this method is that it allows an inverter to stay connected to the microgrid in a standby mode without injecting any power. Then, when enabled, the inverter gradually shifts to decentralized power-sharing mode without switching the controller. Finally, the controller seamlessly switches to GFM mode, where the inverters are completely independent but synchronized. Another noteworthy fact is that, unlike the output-sync method that used two sets of voltage measurements, the controller sync method only uses one set of voltage measurements. A state-space model of the GFM inverter with the controller-sync method is derived to show the stability at every mode. The efficacy of the developed methods is experimentally validated in a microgrid with both droop and virtual inertia for power-sharing. A new phase-angle detection method, called signal reformation-based direct phase-angle detection (DPD-SR), is developed that provides an enhanced phase-angle detection capability for the GFM inverter under asymmetrical conditions of the system. The developed DPD-SR can directly estimate the phase-angle by using a mathematical function. The unique signal-reformation technique used in this method can process the asymmetrical voltage measurements into a symmetrical form and extract the phase-angle of the system without using any complicated closed-loop control. The DPD-SR method is verified through hardware experiments and compared with state-of-the-art method. Eventually, a universal controller is developed that combines the feature of the controller-sync and the DPD-SR methods. Furthermore, the developed universal controller enables an inverter to operate in GFL and GFM mode is developed. With the universal controller, the inverter can inject desired active and reactive power to the grid or microgrid in GFL mode and seamlessly transit to GFM mode if islanding is detected. The universal controller has two sets of parallel paths, where one path provide GFM control and the other path provides the GFL control and synchronization. A frequency-based islanding detection is added to the developed controller. The uniqueness of the universal controller is, the two paths are always synchronized and can provide seamless GFL to GFM transition when a fault occurs. The controller's stability is analyzed through a state-space model, and the performance of the developed controller is verified in a microgrid for grid-connected and islanded operation in this dissertation. Finally, a frequency and voltage restoration controller is developed to overcome the frequency and voltage deviation problem with the droop controller for power-sharing. In droop-controlled power-sharing, the frequency and voltage are required to deviate from their nominal values. On the contrary, the frequency and voltage of the system are expected to be regulated by the GFM inverters. This dissertation develops a threshold-based frequency and voltage restoration method for the GFM inverters without compromising the effectiveness of the decentralized power-sharing methods. The novelty of this method is that the restoration control paths are only enabled when a load change or plug-in of an inverter is identified and disabled when the frequency and voltage parameters are restored. A state-space model is developed to perform stability analysis. The developed method is compared with a timer-based method to demonstrate its superiority. The efficacy of the restoration method is verified through experiments.
The Proceedings Of The 16th Annual Conference Of China Electrotechnical Society
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Author : Xidong Liang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-04-22
The Proceedings Of The 16th Annual Conference Of China Electrotechnical Society written by Xidong Liang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book gathers outstanding papers presented at the 16th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, organized by China Electrotechnical Society (CES), held in Beijing, China, from September 24 to 26, 2021. It covers topics such as electrical technology, power systems, electromagnetic emission technology, and electrical equipment. It introduces the innovative solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines. The book is very much helpful and useful for the researchers, engineers, practitioners, research students, and interested readers.
Easy Laser Printer Maintenance And Repair
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Author : Stephen J. Bigelow
language : en
Publisher: Windcrest
Release Date : 1995
Easy Laser Printer Maintenance And Repair written by Stephen J. Bigelow and has been published by Windcrest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Computers categories.
This book is for those who want to get their laser printer up and running fast while saving money. The author covers all of today's laser and LED printers, giving readers the practical information and guidance they need to perform their own repairs. Step-by-step troubleshooting flowcharts make it easy to identify the cause of particular problems and perform necessary repairs.
Van Nostrand S Scientific Encyclopedia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Princeton, N.J : Van Nostrand
Release Date : 1958
Van Nostrand S Scientific Encyclopedia written by and has been published by Princeton, N.J : Van Nostrand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1958 with Engineering categories.
Recent Advances In Renewable Energy Automation And Energy Forecasting
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Author : Sarat Kumar Sahoo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-12-08
Recent Advances In Renewable Energy Automation And Energy Forecasting written by Sarat Kumar Sahoo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The advancement of sustainable energy is becoming an important concern for many countries. The traditional electrical grid supports only one-way interaction of power being delivered to the consumers. The emergence of improved sensors, actuators, and automation technologies has consequently improved the control, monitoring and communication techniques within the energy sector, including the Smart Grid system. With the support of the aforementioned modern technologies, the information flows in two-ways between the consumer and supplier. This data communication helps the supplier in overcoming challenges like integration of renewable technologies, management of energy demand, load automation and control. Renewable energy (RE) is intermittent in nature and therefore difficult to predict. The accurate RE forecasting is very essential to improve the power system operations. The forecasting models are based on complex function combinations that include seasonality, fluctuation, and dynamic nonlinearity. The advanced intelligent computing algorithms for forecasting should consider the proper parameter determinations for achieving optimization. For this we need, new generation research areas like Machine learning (ML), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enable the efficient integration of distributed and renewable generation at large scale and at all voltage levels. The modern research in the above areas will improve the efficiency, reliability and sustainability in the Smart grid.
Thomas Register Of American Manufacturers
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Thomas Register Of American Manufacturers written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Industrialists categories.
Vols. for 1970-71 includes manufacturers catalogs.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Aeronautics categories.
The New York Times Guide To Continuing Education In America
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Author : College Entrance Examination Board
language : en
Publisher: Crown
Release Date : 1972
The New York Times Guide To Continuing Education In America written by College Entrance Examination Board and has been published by Crown this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Education categories.
Iete Technical Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Iete Technical Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Electronics categories.
Abstract Bulletin Of The Institute Of Paper Chemistry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978-04
Abstract Bulletin Of The Institute Of Paper Chemistry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978-04 with Paper categories.