Ritual Sacrifice In Ancient Peru
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Ritual Sacrifice In Ancient Peru
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Author : Elizabeth P. Benson
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2013-06-20
Ritual Sacrifice In Ancient Peru written by Elizabeth P. Benson and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-20 with Social Science categories.
Propitiating the supernatural forces that could grant bountiful crops or wipe out whole villages through natural disasters was a sacred duty in ancient Peruvian societies, as in many premodern cultures. Ritual sacrifices were considered necessary for this propitiation and for maintaining a proper reciprocal relationship between humans and the supernatural world. The essays in this book examine the archaeological evidence for ancient Peruvian sacrificial offerings of human beings, animals, and objects, as well as the cultural contexts in which the offerings occurred, from around 2500 B.C. until Inca times just before the Spanish Conquest. Major contributions come from the recent archaeological fieldwork of Steve Bourget, Anita Cook, and Alana Cordy-Collins, as well as from John Verano's laboratory work on skeletal material from recent excavations. Mary Frame, who is a weaver as well as a scholar, offers rich new interpretations of Paracas burial garments, and Donald Proulx presents a fresh view of the nature of Nasca warfare. Elizabeth Benson's essay provides a summary of sacrificial practices.
Ritual And Pilgrimage In The Ancient Andes
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Author : Brian S. Bauer
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2001-06-01
Ritual And Pilgrimage In The Ancient Andes written by Brian S. Bauer and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-01 with Social Science categories.
The Islands of the Sun and the Moon in Bolivia’s Lake Titicaca were two of the most sacred locations in the Inca empire. A pan-Andean belief held that they marked the origin place of the Sun and the Moon, and pilgrims from across the Inca realm made ritual journeys to the sacred shrines there. In this book, Brian Bauer and Charles Stanish explore the extent to which this use of the islands as a pilgrimage center during Inca times was founded on and developed from earlier religious traditions of the Lake Titicaca region. Drawing on a systematic archaeological survey and test excavations in the islands, as well as data from historical texts and ethnography, the authors document a succession of complex polities in the islands from 2000 BC to the time of European contact in the 1530s AD. They uncover significant evidence of pre-Inca ritual use of the islands, which raises the compelling possibility that the religious significance of the islands is of great antiquity. The authors also use these data to address broader anthropological questions on the role of pilgrimage centers in the development of pre-modern states.
Ritual Violence In The Ancient Andes
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Author : Haagen D. Klaus
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2016-07-26
Ritual Violence In The Ancient Andes written by Haagen D. Klaus and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-26 with Social Science categories.
Traditions of sacrifice exist in almost every human culture and often embody a society's most meaningful religious and symbolic acts. Ritual violence was particularly varied and enduring in the prehistoric South American Andes, where human lives, animals, and material objects were sacrificed in secular rites or as offerings to the divine. Spectacular discoveries of sacrificial sites containing the victims of violent rituals have drawn ever-increasing attention to ritual sacrifice within Andean archaeology. Responding to this interest, this volume provides the first regional overview of ritual killing on the pre-Hispanic north coast of Peru, where distinct forms and diverse trajectories of ritual violence developed during the final 1,800 years of prehistory. Presenting original research that blends empirical approaches, iconographic interpretations, and contextual analyses, the contributors address four linked themes—the historical development and regional variation of north coast sacrifice from the early first millennium AD to the European conquest; a continuum of ritual violence that spans people, animals, and objects; the broader ritual world of sacrifice, including rites both before and after violent offering; and the use of diverse scientific tools, archaeological information, and theoretical interpretations to study sacrifice. This research proposes a wide range of new questions that will shape the research agenda in the coming decades, while fostering a nuanced, scientific, and humanized approach to the archaeology of ritual violence that is applicable to archaeological contexts around the world.
Sacrifice Violence And Ideology Among The Moche
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Author : Steve Bourget
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2016-05-03
Sacrifice Violence And Ideology Among The Moche written by Steve Bourget and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-03 with Social Science categories.
In a special precinct dedicated to ritual sacrifice at Huaca de la Luna on the north coast of Peru, about seventy-five men were killed and dismembered, their remains and body parts then carefully rearranged and left on the ground with numerous offerings. The discovery of this large sacrificial site—one of the most important sites of this type in the Americas—raises fundamental questions. Why was human sacrifice so central to Moche ideology and religion? And why is sacrifice so intimately related to the notions of warfare and capture? In this pioneering book, Steve Bourget marshals all the currently available information from the archaeology and visual culture of Huaca de la Luna as he seeks to understand the centrality of human sacrifice in Moche ideology and, more broadly, the role(s) of violence in the development of social complexity. He begins by providing a fully documented account of the archaeological contexts, demonstrating how closely interrelated these contexts are to the rest of Moche material culture, including its iconography, the regalia of its elite, and its monumental architecture. Bourget then probes the possible meanings of ritual violence and human sacrifice and their intimate connections with concepts of divinity, ancestry, and foreignness. He builds a convincing case that the iconography of ritual violence and the practice of human sacrifice at all the principal Moche ceremonial centers were the main devices used in the establishment and development of the Moche state.
Sex Death And Sacrifice In Moche Religion And Visual Culture
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Author : Steve Bourget
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2010-06-28
Sex Death And Sacrifice In Moche Religion And Visual Culture written by Steve Bourget and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-28 with Social Science categories.
The Moche people who inhabited the north coast of Peru between approximately 100 and 800 AD were perhaps the first ancient Andean society to attain state-level social complexity. Although they had no written language, the Moche created the most elaborate system of iconographic representation of any ancient Peruvian culture. Amazingly realistic figures of humans, animals, and beings with supernatural attributes adorn Moche pottery, metal and wooden objects, textiles, and murals. These actors, which may have represented both living individuals and mythological beings, appear in scenes depicting ritual warfare, human sacrifice, the partaking of human blood, funerary rites, and explicit sexual activities. In this pathfinding book, Steve Bourget raises the analysis of Moche iconography to a new level through an in-depth study of visual representations of rituals involving sex, death, and sacrifice. He begins by drawing connections between the scenes and individuals depicted on Moche pottery and other objects and the archaeological remains of human sacrifice and burial rituals. He then builds a convincing case for Moche iconography recording both actual ritual activities and Moche religious beliefs regarding the worlds of the living, the dead, and the afterlife. Offering a pioneering interpretation of the Moche worldview, Bourget argues that the use of symbolic dualities linking life and death, humans and beings with supernatural attributes, and fertility and social reproduction allowed the Moche to create a complex system of reciprocity between the world of the living and the afterworld. He concludes with an innovative model of how Moche cosmological beliefs played out in the realms of rulership and political authority.
Ritual Sacrifice
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Author : Brenda Ralph Lewis
language : en
Publisher: The History Press
Release Date : 2007-01-15
Ritual Sacrifice written by Brenda Ralph Lewis and has been published by The History Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-15 with History categories.
The principle of sacrifice is as old as human life itself. This book provides an overview of sacrificial practices around the world since prehistoric times. It also examines the reasons behind these rituals, and in the case of human sacrifice an attempt is made to understand the mentality of the 'victims' who often willingly went to their deaths.
Inca Mummies
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Author : Michael Martin
language : en
Publisher: Capstone
Release Date : 2005
Inca Mummies written by Michael Martin and has been published by Capstone this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
Describes Inca mummies found at Puruchuco and the ice mummies of the Andes, as well as what scientists have learned from them.
Animal Sacrifice In The Ancient Greek World
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Author : Sarah Hitch
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-08-24
Animal Sacrifice In The Ancient Greek World written by Sarah Hitch and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-24 with History categories.
Experts in Greek language, literature and material culture re-examine the role of animal sacrifice in Greek life across the Mediterranean.
Paracas Ritual Attire
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Author : Anne Paul
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Paracas Ritual Attire written by Anne Paul and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Costume categories.
Living With The Dead In The Andes
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Author : Izumi Shimada
language : en
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
Release Date : 2015-05-14
Living With The Dead In The Andes written by Izumi Shimada and has been published by University of Arizona Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-14 with Social Science categories.
The Andean idea of death differs markedly from the Western view. In the Central Andes, particularly the highlands, death is not conceptually separated from life, nor is it viewed as a permanent state. People, animals, and plants simply transition from a soft, juicy, dynamic life to drier, more lasting states, like dry corn husks or mummified ancestors. Death is seen as an extension of vitality. Living with the Dead in the Andes considers recent research by archaeologists, bioarchaeologists, ethnographers, and ethnohistorians whose work reveals the diversity and complexity of the dead-living interaction. The book’s contributors reap the salient results of this new research to illuminate various conceptions and treatments of the dead: “bad” and “good” dead, mummified and preserved, the body represented by art or effigies, and personhood in material and symbolic terms. Death does not end or erase the emotional bonds established in life, and a comprehensive understanding of death requires consideration of the corpse, the soul, and the mourners. Lingering sentiment and memory of the departed seems as universal as death itself, yet often it is economic, social, and political agendas that influence the interactions between the dead and the living. Nine chapters written by scholars from diverse countries and fields offer data-rich case studies and innovative methodologies and approaches. Chapters include discussions on the archaeology of memory, archaeothanatology (analysis of the transformation of the entire corpse and associated remains), a historical analysis of postmortem ritual activities, and ethnosemantic-iconographic analysis of the living-dead relationship. This insightful book focuses on the broader concerns of life and death.