Rousseau In 60 Minuten
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Rousseau In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Rousseau In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Philosophy categories.
Rousseau possessed a brilliant mind and one that questioned every accepted value and idea. Whatever most were “for”, Rousseau was always “against”! He was against monarchy, against the church, against the status quo, against inequality, against traditional education, against marriage, and (of course) against technical progress and the destruction of Nature. Today we might call Rousseau a “professional rabble-rouser”. His contrariness was his trademark. He spent most of his life as a quasi-vagrant or a refugee. Sometimes it was the church, other times the government of one country or another that he had to flee from. But all arrest warrants were in vain. Through books like The Social Contract his radical demand for democracy prepared the ground for the French Revolution, and his famous discourses on Man’s loss of contact with, and destruction of, Nature made him a pioneer also of ecological thought. He even founded a revolutionary new philosophy of education which we know today as the “anti-authoritarian” approach to child-rearing. The book Rousseau in 60 Minutes explains the thinker’s core ideas, exemplified by over 70 quotations from his works. The seed for these ideas was planted one day when he was on in his way to see his friend Diderot in prison, reading a copy of the newspaper Mercure de France as he went. It announced a competition for the best essay on whether scientific and artistic progress had made people morally better. All the competitors answered “yes”. Except Rousseau. His answer was that Man is naturally good and became wicked only through being “socialized” and “civilized”. This provocative thesis won him the prize and brought him Europe-wide fame. Because he had hereby become the first philosopher to recognize the key problem of the whole modern world. The “noble savage” ran free through the woods, but we pass our days in cramped offices and forfeit, each day, more of our instincts and our freedom. But above all, Rousseau pointed out, modern Man lives always “in and for the gaze of other people”. That is to say, we tend to dissolve more and more into the “mainstream”. Is Rousseau right here? Have we conformed too far? Have we forfeited our instincts? And above all: What can we do about it? The book forms part of the popular series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes.
Rousseau In 60 Minuten
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : de
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2015-04-15
Rousseau In 60 Minuten written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-15 with Philosophy categories.
Rousseau war zweifellos ein genialer Geist, der alle tradierten Werte in Frage stellte. Sein ganzes Leben lang war er vor allem eines: Dagegen! So war er gegen die Monarchie, gegen die Kirche, gegen den bestehenden Staat, gegen die Ungleichheit, gegen die traditionelle Kindererziehung, gegen die Ehe und natürlich gegen den technischen Fortschritt und die Zerstörung der Natur. Modern formuliert könnte man sagen, er war ein professioneller Aufwiegler. Sein Markenzeichen war sein Widerspruchsgeist. Die meiste Zeit seines Lebens befand sich Rousseau auf Wanderschaft oder auf der Flucht. Mal wurde er von der Kirche, mal von Regierungen verschiedener Nationen gejagt. Doch alle Haftbefehle gegen ihn nutzten nichts. Rousseau schrieb das Buch der „Staatsvertrag“, bereitete mit seiner radikalen Forderung nach Demokratie die Französische Revolution vor und wurde durch seine berühmten Diskurse zur Umweltzerstörung und Entfremdung von der Natur zum Pionier des ökologischen Denkens. Und nicht genug damit: Am Ende begründete er auch noch eine neue revolutionäre Pädagogik, die wir heute als „antiautoritäre Erziehung“ kennen. Das Buch „Rousseau in 60 Minuten“ erklärt anhand von über siebzig Zitaten die Kerngedanken seines Werkes. Den entscheidenden Impuls bekam er auf dem Weg zu seinem Freund Diderot, der gerade im Gefängnis einsaß. Im Gehen las Rousseau die Zeitung „Mercure de France“. Die Leser wurden aufgefor¬dert, die Preisfrage zu beantworten, ob die Menschen mit zunehmendem Fortschritt auch moralisch besser würden? Alle antworteten mit „Ja“. Außer Rousseau. Der Mensch, so schrieb er, sei von Natur aus gut; böse würde er erst durch die Gesellschaft und die Zivilisation. Mit dieser provokativen These gewann er und wurde in ganz Europa berühmt. Denn er hatte als erster Philosoph das Problem der gesamten modernen Welt erkannt. Der edle Wilde, streift noch frei durch die Wälder. Wir verbringen unser Leben in viereckigen Büros und verlieren mehr und mehr unsere Instinkte und unsere Freiheit. Vor allem aber, so kritisierte Rousseau, lebt der moderne Mensch nur noch „in den Augen anderer“, das heißt wir gehen zunehmend im Mainstream auf. Hat Rousseau Recht? Sind wir zu angepasst? Haben wir unsere Instinkte verloren? Und vor allem: Was können wir tun? Das Buch ist in der beliebten Reihe „Große Denker in 60 Minuten“ erschienen.
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 1
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-03-09
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 1 written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-09 with Philosophy categories.
"Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes Volume 1" comprises the five books, already published as separate volumes, "Plato in 60 Minutes", "Rousseau in 60 Minutes", "Smith in 60 Minutes", "Kant in 60 Minutes", and "Hegel in 60 Minutes". Each short study sums up the key idea at the heart of each respective thinker and asks the question: "Of what use is this key idea to us today?" But above all the philosophers get to speak for themselves. Their most important statements are prominently presented, as direct quotations, in speech balloons with appropriate graphics, with exact indication of the source of each quote in the author's works. This light-hearted but nonetheless scholarly precise rendering of the ideas of each thinker makes it easy for the reader to acquaint him- or herself with the great questions of our lives. Because every philosopher who has achieved global fame has posed the "question of meaning": what is it that holds, at the most essential level, the world together? There have emerged here a range of very different answers. In Plato, for example, the "Idea of the Good" is that to which we need to open our souls; in Rousseau, it is rather only in our own original nature that we need to trust; in Adam Smith, it is in self-interest, which spurs on each individual and is finally transformed, by an "invisible hand", into the common good; in Kant it is the application of Reason which frees us and makes us capable of extraordinary moral actions; and in Hegel, finally, everything is held together by the dialectical self-development of the World-Spirit, which drives onward from epoch to epoch through the deeds of individuals and of nations until it has finally reached its great goal. In other words, the meaning of the world and thus of our own lives remains, among philosophers, a topic of great controversy. One thing, though, is sure: each of these five thinkers struck, from his own perspective, one brilliant spark out of that complex crystal that is the truth.
Rousseau En 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : fr
Publisher: BoD - Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-01-22
Rousseau En 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD - Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-22 with Philosophy categories.
Rousseau remit en question toutes les valeurs traditionnelles. Sa vie durant, il défendit des positions à contre-courant de la pensée dominante. Il condamna la monarchie, l'Église, l'État en place, l'injustice, l'éducation traditionnelle, le mariage et le progrès technique. Rousseau a passé la majeure partie de sa vie en déplacement ou en fuite. Tantôt, il fut chassé par l'Église, tantôt par les gouvernements de nations différentes. Mais tous les mandats d'arrêt furent vains. Rousseau écrivit le livre « Du Contrat social », prépara le terrain de la Révolution française avec sa revendication de démocratie et devint un pionnier de la pensée écologique grâce à ces célèbres « Discours ». Mais ce n'est pas tout : il fonda aussi une nouvelle pédagogie, qui donna lieu à ce que nous qualifions aujourd'hui d'éducation antiautoritaire. Le livre « Rousseau en 60 minutes » explique les fondements de sa pensée en s'appuyant sur de nombreuses citations. Il a eu son inspiration décisive alors qu'il se rendait chez son ami Diderot alors en prison. En marchant, il lisait le journal « Le Mercure de France ». Un concours appelait les lecteurs à répondre à la question de savoir si le progrès a contribué à améliorer les moeurs des hommes. Tous répondirent par oui. Sauf Rousseau. L'Homme, écrit-il, est bon par nature, ce n'est que par la civilisation qu'il est devenu mauvais. Il gagna grâce à sa thèse provocante et devint célèbre dans toute l'Europe. En effet, il fut le premier philosophe à avoir reconnu le problème du monde moderne. Alors que le bon sauvage déambulait encore en toute liberté dans les bois, nous passons notre vie dans des bureaux étriqués où nous avons perdu nos instincts et notre liberté. Mais surtout, critiquait Rousseau, l'homme moderne se fond dans le courant dominant. A-t-il raison ? Sommes-nous trop conformistes ? Et surtout : que pouvons-nous faire ? Le livre est paru dans la populaire à succès « Grands penseurs en 60 minutes ».
Nietzsche In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-06-21
Nietzsche In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-21 with Philosophy categories.
Nietzsche has the reputation of being the most provocative and controversial of all philosophers. What he demanded of humanity was something tremendous: that we should develop beyond ourselves and become "overmen". Formerly, we could draw a meaning for our lives from religion. But this is no longer possible because, as Nietzsche says: "God is dead!" This brief dictum has echoed around the world. Man, Nietzsche argues, has freed himself, with the rise of the natural sciences, from all belief in a "beyond" and now has, for the first time, the chance to take his existence into his own hands. Most human beings, however, prove unable to fill the gap in their lives that the "death of God" has left. They continue to seek salvation in such new gods, or idols, as nationalism, socialism, racism, or capitalism. But instead of slipping into the blind worship of these new gods, or "godlets", we need - so argues Nietzsche - rather to trust in our own selves, allow our own "will to power" to unfold, and become "overmen". Just as flowers stretch up toward the sun and animals seek constantly after nourishment, we human beings too must struggle every day to secure our lives and render them richer and more intense. In daily life, conducting this struggle must always mean, in part, conducting it at other people's expense: whoever, for example, applies for a job as a manager and gets it will necessarily cause bitter disappointment among those who applied and failed. "One furthers one's ego always at the expense of others", writes Nietzsche. But "will to power" finds a whole series of very different forms of expression. The artist, the father of a family, the politician, the businessman, the employee, indeed every one of us individually, must find his or her own highly personal and particular path to self-development. "Become who you are!" "Nietzsche in 60 Minutes" explains his exhilarating philosophy step by step making use of some 160 of the most important passages from his works.
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 2
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-08-04
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 2 written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-04 with Philosophy categories.
"Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes” is the second ‘omnibus’ volume drawn from the popular book-series of the same name. It comprises the five books, already published as separate volumes, "Marx in 60 Minutes", "Freud in 60 Minutes", "Sartre in 60 Minutes", "Camus in 60 Minutes", and "Heidegger in 60 Minutes". Each short study sums up the key idea at the heart of each respective thinker and asks the question: “Of what use is this key idea to us today?” But above all the philosophers get to speak for themselves. Their most important statements are prominently presented, as direct quotations, in speech balloons with appropriate graphics, with exact indication of the source of each quote in the author’s works. Between 40 and 80 representative passages are given from the work of each of the five philosophers. This light-hearted but nonetheless scholarly precise rendering of the ideas of each thinker makes it easy for the reader to acquaint him- or herself with the great questions of our lives. Because every philosopher who has achieved global fame has posed the “question of meaning”: what is it that holds, at the most essential level, the world together? There have emerged here a range of very different answers. In Marx, it is the relations of production – that is to say, the conditions under which we labour and produce the goods we need – which ultimately determine our sense of our lives, our thinking, and our whole culture. In Freud, it is the libido and thus the energy of our drives, which we can either live out, repress, or sublimate. In Sartre it is the absolutely free human will which compels Man to make himself what he is. In Heidegger, what absorbs us is the struggle for the authenticity of ‘Dasein’ and the ‘care’ for the Being of the world. Camus is the only philosopher in this series who gives no answer at all to the “question of meaning”. There is no “meaning”, says Camus; life is absurd and depends merely upon a sequence of random chance events. In other words, the meaning of the world and thus of our own lives remains, among philosophers, a topic of great controversy. One thing, though, is sure: each of these five thinkers struck, from his own perspective, one brilliant spark out of that complex crystal that is the truth.
Hegel In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Hegel In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Philosophy categories.
Already as a student Hegel was often reprimanded for excessive drinking and gambling and he is surely one of the most unconventional – today, one might say “coolest” – thinkers of all time. He is sometimes mockingly accused of having been drunk when he hit on his key idea of a “World Spirit”. Nevertheless, his philosophy remains fascinating and highly relevant even today. Hegel was the first philosopher to realize the full implications of the dimension of “becoming”. He can fairly be called the Charles Darwin of philosophy. Because for Hegel everything – literally everything – is in constant motion. Human life has as much the character of a process as do Nature and History. A human being comes into the world as a tiny baby and becomes a child, an adolescent and finally an adult. Likewise, human history marches onward from small beginnings. One epoch follows another. The expression “spirit of the times” that we use so casually today is in fact one we owe to Hegel’s great discovery that every epoch possesses a specific spirit that completely permeates it. This “spirit of the age” – or, as Hegel also called it, “World Spirit” – manifests itself in all the ideas held by this age’s people regarding morality, justice, art, music and architecture. But Hegel says more. A second contention central to his great philosophical discovery was that these different epochs and their “spirits” do not follow one another merely randomly and by chance but rather obey a logical principle of movement: the so-called “dialectic”. The pendulum of history swings, “dialectically”, first in one direction, then in the other. But human history is nonetheless steering its way, slowly but unstoppably, toward a great final goal. The book Hegel in 60 Minutes explains, using the best quotations from Hegel’s work and many examples, how this “dialectic”, and thus the motor of human history, is argued by him to function. Many books claim to clearly explain the ideas of the notoriously difficult philosopher Hegel. But this one really does this. All the exciting questions raised by Hegel’s fascinating philosophical vision are all answered here: at what point do we reach “the end of History”? Are we only spectators of this History, or actors in it? Who or what is the “World Spirit”? What is the meaning of life? Of what use is Hegel’s discovery to us today? The book forms part of the popular series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes.
Freud In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Freud In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Psychology categories.
The Viennese physician and psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud moved from hypnotizing his patients to interpreting their dreams and discovered thereby the hitherto unexplored dimension of the unconscious mind. Each of us, argued Freud, has hidden wishes, desires, and drives which influence our actions below the level of our awareness. A great role is played here, already from childhood on, by sexual desire and pleasure. The nursing infant still lives entirely by the “pleasure principle”, taking everything into his mouth, crying when he wants something, and laughing when he is satisfied. But he must soon learn to obey the rules set by his parents, teachers and society in general. The infantile “pleasure principle” is brutally superseded by the “reality principle”. This is an experience we all must undergo. But it is also one which sometimes leads to grievances and traumatization, as do other aspects of the development of our sexuality and of our relationships. Freud was a doctor and practiced a revolutionary method of treatment: psychoanalysis. He was the first to discover that the way people experience their own lives is often to be traced back to experiences which cannot, indeed, be altered but can be emotionally re-evaluated. Furthermore, Freud impressively explains how our “psychical apparatus” functions day to day and how we process in every second, with lightning speed, our drives, thoughts and perceptions. It was with good reason that the readers of the New York Times voted Freud the most important thinker of the 20th Century. The small book Freud in 60 Minutes explains Freud’s new and revolutionary perspective on human life step by step, by means of many examples and over forty quotes from Freud’s own works. Because all the key components of his theory – from the “oral stage”, the Oedipus Complex, the conflict of the drives, sublimation, repression, resistance, symptom-formation, transference, right on to the therapy itself – interlock with one another. In the second part of the book it is asked: “Of what use is Freud’s discovery to us today?” It is astounding how important and helpful his insights can be for forming and directing our own lives, provided they are applied rightly. The book forms part of the popular series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes.
Sartre In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Sartre In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Philosophy categories.
Sartre is surely one of the most important philosophers of the 20th Century. His “philosophy of existence” influenced not just academic debate but the whole of Western civilization, especially European youth. In France, from the end of WW2 on into the 1960s, a certain “youth culture” milieu composed of secondary school and university students and young artists and intellectuals proclaimed their “existential” attitude to life by wearing the black clothes and horn-rimmed glasses that Sartre was seen to wear in so many photos from the period. The motto of these “existentialists” ran: ‘do not let anyone else tell you how you are to live’. They advocated a frank and intensive style of life, both as regards friendships and love affairs and political commitments. Sartre was the great philosopher of freedom. No other philosopher has so strongly emphasized the freedom of the human will. And because Man is free he must make something out of his life and lives as he believes it right to live, if necessary contrary to existing social rules and traditions. Sartre, for example, opposed many of his country’s wars, fought for a more just society, launched many petitions, and carried on a so-called “open relationship” with his lifelong companion Simone de Beauvoir. In his principal work Being and Nothingness Sartre also became one of the first philosophers to explore the nature of “love”. How does love actually work? What does it mean to lead a free and self-determined life? How free are we? The book Sartre in 60 Minutes explains the most important of Sartre’s theses in a clear and comprehensible way, keeping close to Sartre’s own text and including over fifty selected passages from his work and focussing on the central theme of his ideas about freedom and the structure of inter-human relations. In the chapter on “what use Sartre’s discovery is to us today” it is then shown how important Sartre’s thoughts still are for our personal lives and for the society of the 21st Century. The book forms part of the popular series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes.
Platon In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Platon In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Philosophy categories.
Plato’s great discovery was radically new but has echoed down the ages. His “theory of Ideas” has shaped the whole of Western culture and his name is known worldwide. More than 2000 years ago Plato used his “allegory of the cave” – which envisaged people looking at shadows on a cavern wall and taking them for realities – to express a terrible suspicion. He saw his fellow Athenians living in a manipulated world of appearances – cut off from reality and “put to sleep” by material pleasures, wealth and demagogic politicians – and hoped, with this image, to shake them out of this sleep. Plato’s suspicions here are astonishingly relevant still in our Digital Age. Do we not also risk getting entirely lost in the shadows and projections of our TV-, Internet- and mobile-phone-dominated lives? To know truth, argued Plato, Man must learn to see again with his “inner eye”. We are able to sense the truth if we succeed in looking beyond the mere appearances. For behind the everyday objects that surround us, and the immediately visible world, there is another (invisible) reality, a sort of higher level of Being, which can reveal to us the world as it truly is. This second, higher reality is the realm of the “Ideas”: above all the Ideas of the Good, the True and the Beautiful by which we must be guided in our lives. But what exactly are these Ideas? Where do they come from? What does Plato mean when he speaks of “the Good”? And, most importantly, how can we know this “Good” and live a life in accordance with it? The book Plato in 60 Minutes uses three of Plato’s marvellous allegories – “the chariot”, “the sun”, and “the cave” – to explain the philosopher’s fascinating vision of the Ideas. But it also presents, citing key passages, Plato’s great political vision of an ideal state ruled by philosopher-kings. Finally, in a chapter on “what use Plato’s discovery is for us today”, it is shown how burningly relevant the ancient philosopher’s thoughts still are. The book forms part of the popular series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes.