Rules For Reasoning
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Reasoning With Rules
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Author : Jaap Hage
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Reasoning With Rules written by Jaap Hage and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Law categories.
Rule-applying legal arguments are traditionally treated as a kind of syllogism. Such a treatment overlooks the fact that legal principles and rules are not statements which describe the world, but rather means by which humans impose structure on the world. Legal rules create legal consequences, they do not describe them. This has consequences for the logic of rule- and principle-applying arguments, the most important of which may be that such arguments are defeasible. This book offers an extensive analysis of the role of rules and principles in legal reasoning, which focuses on the close relationship between rules, principles, and reasons. Moreover, it describes a logical theory which assigns a central place to the notion of reasons for and against a conclusion, and which is especially suited to deal with rules and principles.
Rules For Reasoning
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Author : Richard E. Nisbett
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1993
Rules For Reasoning written by Richard E. Nisbett and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Education categories.
This book examines two questions: Do people make use of abstract rules such as logical and statistical rules when making inferences in everyday life? Can such abstract rules be changed by training? Contrary to the spirit of reductionist theories from behaviorism to connectionism, there is ample evidence that people do make use of abstract rules of inference -- including rules of logic, statistics, causal deduction, and cost-benefit analysis. Such rules, moreover, are easily alterable by instruction as it occurs in classrooms and in brief laboratory training sessions. The fact that purely formal training can alter them and that those taught in one content domain can "escape" to a quite different domain for which they are also highly applicable shows that the rules are highly abstract. The major implication for cognitive science is that people are capable of operating with abstract rules even for concrete, mundane tasks; therefore, any realistic model of human inferential capacity must reflect this fact. The major implication for education is that people can be far more broadly influenced by training than is generally supposed. At high levels of formality and abstraction, relatively brief training can alter the nature of problem-solving for an infinite number of content domains.
Reasoning With Rules And Precedents
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Author : L. Karl Branting
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Reasoning With Rules And Precedents written by L. Karl Branting and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Computers categories.
Few areas of human expertise are so well understood that they can be completely reduced to general principles. Similarly, there are few domains in which experience is so extensive that every new problem precisely matches a previous problem whose solution is known. When neither rules nor examples are individually sufficient, problem-solving expertise depends on integrating both. This book presents a computational framework for the integration of rules and cases for analytic tasks typified by legal analysis. The book uses the framework for integrating cases and rules as a basis for a new model of legal precedents. This model explains how the theory under which a case is decided controls the case's precedential effect. The framework for integrating rules and cases is implemented in GREBE, a system for legal analysis. The book presents techniques for representing, indexing, and comparing complex cases and for converting justification structures based on rules and case into natural-language text. This book will interest researchers in artificial intelligence, particularly those involved in case-based reasoning, artificial intelligence and law, and formal models of argumentation, and to scholars in legal philosophy, jurisprudence, and analogical reasoning.
Following The Rules
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Author : Joseph Heath
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2008-10-16
Following The Rules written by Joseph Heath and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-16 with Philosophy categories.
For centuries, philosophers have been puzzled by the fact that people often respect moral obligations as a matter of principle, setting aside considerations of self-interest. This text shows how rule-following can be understood as an essential element of rational action.
Demystifying Legal Reasoning
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Author : Larry Alexander
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-06-16
Demystifying Legal Reasoning written by Larry Alexander and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-16 with Philosophy categories.
Demystifying Legal Reasoning defends the proposition that there are no special forms of reasoning peculiar to law. Legal decision makers engage in the same modes of reasoning that all actors use in deciding what to do: open-ended moral reasoning, empirical reasoning, and deduction from authoritative rules. This book addresses common law reasoning when prior judicial decisions determine the law, and interpretation of texts. In both areas, the popular view that legal decision makers practise special forms of reasoning is false.
Rules And Reasoning
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Author : Sotiris Moschoyiannis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2021-12-02
Rules And Reasoning written by Sotiris Moschoyiannis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-02 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning, RuleML+RR 2021, held in Leuven, Belgium, during September, 2021. This is the 5th conference of a new series, joining the efforts of two existing conference series, namely “RuleML” (International Web Rule Symposium) and “RR” (Web Reasoning and Rule Systems). The 17 full research papers presented together with 2 short technical communications papers and 2 abstracts of invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions.
How To Do Things With Rules
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Author : William Twining
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-05-20
How To Do Things With Rules written by William Twining and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-20 with Law categories.
New to English law? Need to know how rules are made, interpreted and applied? This popular and well-established textbook will show you how. It simplifies legal method by combining examples with an account of rules in general: the who, what, why and how of interpretation. Starting with standpoint and context, it identifies factors that give rise to doubts about the interpretation of a rule and recommends a systematic approach to analysing those factors. Questions and exercises integrated in the text and on the accompanying website will help you to develop skills in reading, interpreting and arguing about legal and other rules. The text is fully updated on developments in the legislative process and the judicial interpretation of statutes and precedent. It includes a new chapter on 'The European Dimension' reflecting the changes brought about by the Human Rights Act 1998.
Lsat Logical Reasoning
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Author : Manhattan Prep
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2014-03-25
Lsat Logical Reasoning written by Manhattan Prep and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-25 with Study Aids categories.
Offering a new take on the LSAT logical reasoning section, the Manhattan Prep Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide is a must-have resource for any student preparing to take the exam. Containing the best of Manhattan Prep’s expert strategies, this book will teach you how to untangle the web of LSAT logical reasoning questions confidently and efficiently. Avoiding an unwieldy and ineffective focus on memorizing sub-categories and steps, the Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide encourages a streamlined method that engages and improves your natural critical-thinking skills. Beginning with an effective approach to reading arguments and identifying answers, this book trains you to see through the clutter and recognize the core of an argument. It also arms you with the tools needed to pick apart the answer choices, offering in-depth explanations for every single answer – both correct and incorrect – leading to a complex understanding of this subtle section. Each chapter in the Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide uses real LSAT questions in drills and practice sets, with explanations that take you inside the mind of an LSAT expert as they work their way through the problem. Further practice sets and other additional resources are included online and can be accessed through the Manhattan Prep website. Used by itself or with other Manhattan Prep materials, the Logical Reasoning LSAT Strategy Guide will push you to your top score.
Comparative Reasoning In International Courts And Tribunals
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Author : Daniel Peat
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-06-13
Comparative Reasoning In International Courts And Tribunals written by Daniel Peat and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-13 with Law categories.
This book examines an unexplored method of interpretation: the use of domestic law in the interpretation of international law.
Rules Norms And Decisions
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Author : Friedrich V. Kratochwil
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-04-26
Rules Norms And Decisions written by Friedrich V. Kratochwil and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-04-26 with Law categories.
This book assesses the impact of norms on decision-making. It argues that norms influence choices not by being causes for actions, but by providing reasons. Consequently it approaches the problem via an investigation of the reasoning process in which norms play a decisive role. Kratochwil argues that, depending upon the strictness the guidance norms provide in arriving at a decision, different styles of reasoning with norms can be distinguished. While the focus in this book is largely analytical, the argument is developed through the interpretation of the classic thinkers in international law (Grotius, Vattel, Pufendorf, Rousseau, Hume, Habermas).