Russian Influence Campaigns Against The West
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Russian Influence Campaigns Against The West
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Author : Kevin N. Mccauley
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-10-04
Russian Influence Campaigns Against The West written by Kevin N. Mccauley and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-04 with categories.
Russia, under both the Soviets and Vladimir Putin, is in a struggle with Western civilization, and has conducted influence campaigns to weaken and undermine the West from within. This study of influence campaigns waged against the West by the Soviet Union and now by Russia under President Vladimir Putin is intended to present a detailed overview and analysis of the various influence campaigns. Methods and means employed by the Soviet Union included active measures, disinformation, propaganda, controlled international front groups, agents of influence, forgeries, and reflexive control. Campaign themes are examined, and two key campaigns against NATO deployment of the neutron bomb and intermediate-range nuclear force are analyzed as case studies of a successful and failed campaign. The influence campaigns waged by President Putin against the West combine time tested methods with new information age techniques not available during the Soviet era including internet trolls, social media, information warfare, and cyber operations. Both similarities and differences exist in the execution and objectives of influence campaigns conducted by the Soviet Union and Putin's Russia. While the ideologies differ, both Soviet Communist ideology as well as the new Russian nationalist ideology under President Putin contend that Russia is engaged in a long-term struggle with the West that continues during peace and conflict, and will likely end violently. President Putin's Russia is now employing asymmetrical warfare against former Soviet republics to intimidate as well as expand Russian influence and borders in order to create a Russian World. This so-called new generation or hybrid warfare, essentially a Russian version of a "color revolution," incorporates aspects of influence campaigns combined with the covert deployment of special forces to mobilize local ethnic Russian populations combined with cyber operations to disrupt an opponent, and prepare the battle and information space for possible military operations. Influence campaigns in the Soviet era and under President Putin represent an indirect, low risk approach to undermine and weaken an opponent from within in order to promote political objectives, and alter the correlation of power in Moscow's favor in order to win the clash of civilizations with the West. The West needs to develop a coordinated response to the information assault by the Kremlin. First and foremost, the West needs to recognize that they are engaged in a struggle with President Putin's Russia. An effort similar to that developed to identify, analyze and publicize Soviet active measures and disinformation campaigns needs to be established. Countering the Kremlin's influence campaigns is important, however, the West critically needs to conduct proactive, offensive influence campaigns against Russian efforts. A three tier Western influence campaign is required. Information campaigns need to counter Russian influence efforts in the West and actively promote Western policies to public audiences. Next, a strategic communications campaign is required for audiences in the former Soviet republics, in particular Russian speaking populations. These countries are critical as they are already under assault by the Kremlin's influence campaigns, and are potentially the next target of Moscow's asymmetrical new generation warfare. The final audience, the Russian public, represents the hardest target, but also the most critical in countering the new Russian World ideology. Detailed target audience analysis is required for this effort to identify key groups and developed highly specialized and effective messaging. While difficult, analysis to anticipate future Russian influence campaigns and actions is required to more effectively counter the Kremlin's strategy. NATO and friendly states must centralize and pool scarce resources to counter the Kremlin's actions and communicate a Western message to key target audiences.
Russian Social Media Influence
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Author : Todd C. Helmus
language : en
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Release Date : 2018-04-12
Russian Social Media Influence written by Todd C. Helmus and has been published by Rand Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-12 with Computers categories.
Researchers analyzed Russian social media data and conducted interviews with regional and security experts to understand the critical ingredients to countering Russia's propaganda campaign against former Soviet states.
The Russian Federation In Global Knowledge Warfare
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Author : Holger Mölder
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-24
The Russian Federation In Global Knowledge Warfare written by Holger Mölder and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-24 with Political Science categories.
This book examines Russian influence operations globally, in Europe, and in Russia’s neighboring countries, and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest technologies and forms of strategic communication employed in hybrid warfare. Given the growing importance of comprehensive information warfare as a new and rapidly advancing type of international conflict in which knowledge is a primary target, the book examines Russia’s role in Global Knowledge Warfare. The content is divided into three parts, the first of which addresses conceptual issues such as the logic of information warfare, the role of synthetic media, and Russia’s foreign policy concepts, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influence operations. The second part analyzes technological, legal and strategic challenges in modern hybrid warfare, while the third focuses on textual, cultural and historical patterns in information warfare, also from various regional (e.g. the Western Balkans, Romania, Ukraine, and the Baltic) perspectives. The book is primarily intended for scholars in the fields of international relations, security and the military sciences who are interested in Russian foreign policy and influence operations, but also their impact on the global security environment.
Shatter The House Of Mirrors
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Author : James M. Ludes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Shatter The House Of Mirrors written by James M. Ludes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Disinformation categories.
Vladimir Putin's Russia is engaged in a well-financed and determined campaign to undermine democratic political and social institutions as well as international alliances, and to remove resistance to Russia's foreign policy objectives. Russia has the motive and the means to do so. Russia's assault on Western democracies, including the United States, exploits features of free and open societies. The principal weapon in this conflict is information, and the evidence of Russia's use of it in Europe and the United States is clear. With the advent of ever-expanding and precise communications technologies capable of manipulating public opinion at the individual level on a mass scale, the tools and tactics of influence developed over the course of the 20th century are now capable of altering perceptions of reality, shaping societies, influencing election outcomes, and undermining states and alliances. To fight-back, the United States must take decisive actions.
Isolation And Propaganda
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Author : Stefan Meister
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Isolation And Propaganda written by Stefan Meister and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Disinformation categories.
Western scholars and politicians struggle to understand the elements of Russia’s “hybrid warfare” and how to counter it. Means for “soft,” non-military Russian influence in the post-Soviet sphere and the European Union includes export media such as the television broadcaster RT and the media platform Sputnik, the targeted expansion of informal financial networks, and funding and support for left- and right-wing populist political parties and organizations. The chief of the Russian General Staff described new rules of 21st century warfare in a 2013 speech, where political goals are to be obtained through the “widespread use of disinformation... deployed in connection with the protest potential of the population.” The Russian government claims it is merely copying the instruments and techniques that the West itself employs, and deems legitimate, to promote democracy in Russia and the post-Soviet states. It has also cracked down against foreign influence and dissent in Russia through restricting the work of Western NGOs and independent media. This information warfare is an approach born out of weakness that provides more flexibility against a challenger with much greater economic and technological resources. The possibilities for directly influencing developments in Russia from outside are limited. Europeans, on the other hand, are vulnerable to Russian influence with their open societies, and Russian efforts can help fuel self-doubt in increasingly fragile and fragmented Western societies. The EU can protect itself by reinforcing its own soft power and improving governance within Europe, standing firm on sanctions, improving its knowledge base on Russia and the other post-Soviet states, and taking steps to improve pluralism in the Russian-language media space. It should also come up with a serious offer for its eastern neighbors including an EU membership prospect. If reform efforts succeed in Ukraine, the impact could spread to Russia and other post-Soviet states. Moscow encourages destabilization, corruption, and weak states in order to maintain relationships of dependency. The EU has something much more attractive than that to offer the societies of neighboring countries and should make greater use of its strategic advantage.
Undermining Democratic Institutions And Splintering Nato
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Author : Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-04-30
Undermining Democratic Institutions And Splintering Nato written by Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-30 with categories.
The U.S. intelligence community produced a report which found that "Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. Presidential election." The intelligence community report warns that "Moscow will apply lessons learned to future influence efforts worldwide, including against U.S. allies and their election processes." With elections on the horizon in France, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Italy, European intelligence services are sounding the alarm about Russian attempts to skew the outcome with targeted disinformation and propaganda. Russian disinformation has been growing in sophistication, intensity, reach, and impact. "Russia's information warfare does not crudely promote the Kremlin's agenda, instead it is calibrated to confuse, befuddle, and distract." According to the Center for European Policy Analysis, "Russia aims to erode public support for Euro-Atlantic values in order to increase its own relative power." Russia has deployed its arsenal of trolls, propaganda, and false information to a new level. Moscow's strategic objective is to break apart the NATO alliance and, thus, to boost Russian geopolitical influence in Western Europe.
Disinformation
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Author : Select Committee Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-02-18
Disinformation written by Select Committee Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-18 with categories.
Russia conducted an active measures campaign against the 2016 U.S. elections. The American public, indeed all democratic societies, need to understand that malign actors are using old techniques with new platforms to undermine democratic institutions. The efforts by Russia to discredit the U.S. and weaken the West are not new. These efforts are in fact a part of Russian, and the previous Soviet Union, intelligence efforts. The U.S. has been a target of Russian information warfare, propaganda, and cyber campaigns and still is. Russia's President, Vladimir Putin, ordered a deliberate campaign carefully constructed to undermine the 2016 elections. First, Russia struck at our political institutions by electronically breaking into the headquarters of one of our political parties and stealing vast amounts of information. Russian operatives also hacked emails to steal personal messages and other information from individuals ranging from Clinton Campaign Manager John Podesta to former Secretary of State Colin Powell. This stolen information was then weaponized. Second, Russia continually sought to diminish and undermine our trust in the American media by blurring our faith in what is true and what is not. Russian propaganda outlets like RT and Sputnik successfully produced and peddled disinformation to American audiences in pursuit of Moscow's preferred outcome. This Russian propaganda on steroids was designed to poison the national conversation in America.
The Lands In Between
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Author : Mitchell A. Orenstein
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-04-02
The Lands In Between written by Mitchell A. Orenstein and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-02 with Political Science categories.
Russia's stealth invasion of Ukraine and its assault on the US elections in 2016 forced a reluctant West to grapple with the effects of hybrid war. While most citizens in the West are new to the problems of election hacking, state-sponsored disinformation campaigns, influence operations by foreign security services, and frozen conflicts, citizens of the frontline states between Russia and the European Union have been dealing with these issues for years. The Lands in Between: Russia vs. the West and the New Politics of Russia's Hybrid War contends that these "lands in between" hold powerful lessons for Western countries. For Western politics is becoming increasingly similar to the lands in between, where hybrid warfare has polarized parties and voters into two camps: those who support a Western vision of liberal democracy and those who support a Russian vision of nationalist authoritarianism. Paradoxically, while politics increasingly boils down to a zero sum "civilizational choice" between Russia and the West, those who rise to the pinnacle of the political system in the lands in between are often non-ideological power brokers who have found a way to profit from both sides, taking rewards from both Russia and the West. Increasingly, the political pathologies of these small, vulnerable, and backwards states in Europe are our problems too. In this deepening conflict, we are all lands in between.
Disinformation
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Author : Select Committee Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-12-12
Disinformation written by Select Committee Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-12 with categories.
Russia conducted an active measures campaign against the 2016 U.S. elections. The American public, indeed all democratic societies, need to understand that malign actors are using old techniques with new platforms to undermine democratic institutions. The efforts by Russia to discredit the U.S. and weaken the West are not new. These efforts are in fact a part of Russian, and the previous Soviet Union, intelligence efforts. The U.S. has been a target of Russian information warfare, propaganda, and cyber campaigns and still is. Russia's President, Vladimir Putin, ordered a deliberate campaign carefully constructed to undermine the 2016 elections. First, Russia struck at our political institutions by electronically breaking into the headquarters of one of our political parties and stealing vast amounts of information. Russian operatives also hacked emails to steal personal messages and other information from individuals ranging from Clinton Campaign Manager John Podesta to former Secretary of State Colin Powell. This stolen information was then weaponized. Second, Russia continually sought to diminish and undermine our trust in the American media by blurring our faith in what is true and what is not. Russian propaganda outlets like RT and Sputnik successfully produced and peddled disinformation to American audiences in pursuit of Moscow's preferred outcome. This Russian propaganda on steroids was designed to poison the national conversation in America.
Russian Influence And Unconventional Warfare Operations In The Gray Zone
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Author : Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Cap
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-03-31
Russian Influence And Unconventional Warfare Operations In The Gray Zone written by Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Cap and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-31 with categories.
The invasion and illegal annexation of Crimea in the spring of 2014 represents the breadth of Russia's influence campaign in Ukraine and the violation of Ukrainian sovereignty represents the first attempt to change the boundary of a European nation since the end of the Cold War. Russian operations span the spectrum from covert information operations intended to influence political opinion to overt deployment of military forces for unconventional warfare designed to dominate civilian populations. We cannot afford to understate its importance or ignore its lessons. The commander of United States European Command [EUCOM], General Scaparrotti, characterized the Russian operations in Crimea as activities short of war or, commonly referred to [as] the "gray zone." The Russian influence campaign and unconventional warfare efforts in Ukraine contain all the hallmarks of the gray zone operations: ambiguity of attribution, indirect approach, and below the threshold of open conflict. Russia's gray zone activities in Crimea are important for us to review, and unique because it was an influence campaign of propaganda and disinformation, culminating in the employment of Russian special operations forces on the sovereign territory of Ukraine. General Scaparrotti [has also] stated that Russia is using a range of military and nonmilitary tools to, "undermine the international system and discredit those in the West who have created it." [According to] General Scaparrotti, Russia takes not only a military approach, but a, "whole-of-government approach" to information warfare to include intelligence and other groups, which accounts for its rapid and agile use of social media and cyber.