Sale Of Offices In The Seventeenth Century
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Sale Of Offices In The Seventeenth Century
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Author : Koenraad Wolter Swart
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Sale Of Offices In The Seventeenth Century written by Koenraad Wolter Swart and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Social Science categories.
The French Monarchy was the dominant power of the seventeenth century. The French armies were victorious on most battlefields and French political institutions were introduced into many countries. Among enemies as well as among friends French literature was admired and French manners were imi~ tated. This glorious period of French history had its seamy aspects, however. 1) France's military triumphs and cultural achievements did not imply a sound political and social structure. One of the most outstanding political abuses was the sale of public offices (venalite des offices), which had become an official institution of the State. Almost all offices, civil as well as military, from the lowest to the highest, were publicly sold either by the officials or by the King himself. Sale of offices is not just another form of corruption. It had serious political implications because it placed power in the hands of officials who were often incapable and unreliable. The bureaucracy, one of the fundamental institutions of the absolute monarchy, was thus deprived of much of its strength. Sale of offices also influenced the social structure of the country because it only gave to wealthy people the opportunity to hold office and excluded other classes. Further, the creation of new offices added to the burden of the taxpayer and had a disas~ trous effect on France's financial system. Finally, the invest~ ment of a large part of the national wealth in unproductive goods affected unfavorably the economic activity of the country.
Seventeenth Century Europe
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Author : Thomas Munck
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2017-03-16
Seventeenth Century Europe written by Thomas Munck and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with History categories.
This thematically organised text provides a compelling introduction and guide to the key problems and issues of this highly controversial century. Offering a genuinely comparative history, Thomas Munck adeptly balances Eastern and Southern Europe, Scandinavia, and the Ottoman Empire against the better-known history of France, the British Isles and Spain. Seventeenth-Century Europe - gives full prominence to the political context of the period, arguing that the Thirty Years War is vital to understanding the social and political developments of the early modern period - provides detailed coverage of the debates surrounding the 'general crisis', absolutism and the growth of the state, and the implications these had for townspeople, the peasantry and the poor - examines changes in economic orientation within Europe, as well as continuity and change in mental and cultural traditions at different social levels. Now fully revised, this second edition of a well-established and approachable synthesis features important new material on the Ottomans, Christian-Moslem contacts and on the role of women. The text has also been thoroughly updated to take account of recent research. This is a fully-revised edition of a well-established synthesis of the period from the Thirty Years War to the consolidation of absolute monarchy and the landowning society of the ancien régime. Thematically organised, the book covers all of Europe, from Britain and Scandinavia to Spain and Eastern Europe. Important new material has been added on the Ottomans, on Christian-Moslem contacts and on the role of women, and the text has been thoroughly updated to take account of recent research.
The Kingdom Of Valencia In The Seventeenth Century
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Author : James Casey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-10-14
The Kingdom Of Valencia In The Seventeenth Century written by James Casey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Explores two major themes in Spanish historiography - the consequences of the expulsion of the Moriscos and the way in which the Habsburg Monarchy kept or lost control over its peripheral provinces.
Venality
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Author : William Doyle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Venality written by William Doyle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with France categories.
In ancien régime France almost all posts of public respsonsibility had to be bought or inherited. In this book, one of the foremost historians of early modern Europe traces the evolution and development of this system.
Lineages Of The Absolutist State
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Author : Perry Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Verso Books
Release Date : 2013-03-12
Lineages Of The Absolutist State written by Perry Anderson and has been published by Verso Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-12 with History categories.
Forty years after its original publication, Lineages of the Absolutist State remains an exemplary achievement in comparative history. Picking up from where its companion volume, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, left off, Lineages traces the development of Absolutist states in the early modern period from their roots in European feudalism, and assesses their various trajectories. Why didn’t Italy develop into an Absolutist state in the same, indigenous way as the other dominant Western countries, namely Spain, France and England? On the other hand, how did Eastern European countries develop into Absolutist states similar to those of the West, when their social conditions diverged so drastically? Reflecting on examples in Islamic and East Asian history, as well as the Ottoman Empire, Anderson concludes by elucidating the particular role of European development within universal history.
Political Corruption
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Author : Michael Johnston
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-12
Political Corruption written by Michael Johnston and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-12 with Political Science categories.
Corruption is once again high on the international policy agenda as a result of globalization, the spread of democracy, and major scandals and reform initiatives. But the concept itself has been a focus for social scientists for many years, and new findings and data take on richer meanings when viewed in the context of long-term developments and enduring conceptual debates. This compendium, a much-enriched version of a work that has been a standard reference in the field since 1970, offers concepts, cases, and fresh evidence for comparative analysis. Building on a nucleus of classic studies laying out the nature and development of the concept of corruption, the book also incorporates recent work on economic, cultural, and linguistic dimensions of the problem, as well as critical analyses of several approaches to reform. While many authors are political scientists, work by historians, economists, and sociologists are strongly represented. Two-thirds of the nearly fifty articles are based either on studies especially written or translated for this volume, or on selected journal literature published in the 1990s. The tendency to treat corruption as merely a synonym for bribery is illuminated by analyses of the diverse terminology and linguistic techniques that help distinguish corruption problems in the major languages. Recent attempts to measure corruption, and to analyze its causes and effects quantitatively are also critically examined. New contributions emphasize especially: corruption phenomena in Asia and Africa; contrasts among region and regime types; comparing U.S. state corruption incidence; European Party finance and corruption; assessments of international corruption rating project; analyses of international corruption control treaties; unintended consequences of anti-corruption efforts. Cumulatively, the book combines description richness, analytical thrust, conceptual awareness, and contextual articulation.
Europe In The Seventeenth Century
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Author : Donald Pennington
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-12-14
Europe In The Seventeenth Century written by Donald Pennington and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-14 with History categories.
As before, the second edition of this widely-used survey is in two main parts. The first analyses the major themes of seventeenth-century European history on a continent-wide basis. The second part moves on to outline political, diplomatic and military events in the various states and nations of the time. For the second edition all the chapters have been rewritten to take account of recent scholarship. Moreover, many new topics are discussed: the family; crime; the impact of printing; climate; population and social mobility; Islam in seventeenth-century Europe. Throughout, the book emphasises current lines of research and controversy to illustrate that the history of the period is a process of enquiry and argument rather than incontrovertible fact.
Public Offices Personal Demands
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Author : Jan Hartman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2009-05-05
Public Offices Personal Demands written by Jan Hartman and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-05 with History categories.
Public Offices, Personal Demands presents a novel perspective on European politics in the seventeenth-century. Its focus lies on the Dutch Republic, that surprising anomaly, often described as a miracle or enigma, admired by many during this age. This collection of essays explores one of the most fundamental questions of seventeenth-century governance: what makes a person capable for office? Contemporary viewpoints are discussed by a range of scholars from different historical disciplines. As this volume shows, debates about capability and office-holding were by no means restricted to political theorists. Scientists, citizens and merchants all discussed these matters in a similar vein. Nor was this heated discussion about who was fit govern a typically Dutch phenomenon. Because of its multifaceted and international approach, this book will appeal to both scholars and students in the fields of cultural and social history, the history of political thought, the history of early modern politics, and the history of science.
Officers Nobles And Revolutionaries
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Author : William Doyle
language : en
Publisher: A&C Black
Release Date : 1995-07-01
Officers Nobles And Revolutionaries written by William Doyle and has been published by A&C Black this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-07-01 with History categories.
Since the 1950s a once-dominant interpretation of the French revolution has fallen to pieces. Elaborated by generations of distinguished left-wing French historians, this version was gradually undermined by the piecemeal criticisms of English-speaking scholars. Many of their doubts, and the controversies which they provoked, appeared in articles scattered over a wide range of learned journals and conference proceedings. This collection brings together the more important contributions of one of the leading British participants in these debates. Some of the essays explore the motivations and achievements of the old monarchy's aristocratic opponents. Others probe the development of venality of offices, one of the old regime's most distinctive institutions. A wide range of revolutionary reforms, their motivations and results, are also examined, and some of the achievements of a generation of revisionism in this field are reviewed.
State And Provincial Society In The Ottoman Empire
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Author : Dina Rizk Khoury
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-05-16
State And Provincial Society In The Ottoman Empire written by Dina Rizk Khoury and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-16 with History categories.
An interpretation of relations between the central Ottoman Empire and provincial Iraqi society in the early modern period.