Salt Systems Of The Earth

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Salt Systems Of The Earth

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Author : Galina Belenitskaya
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-11-13

Salt Systems Of The Earth written by Galina Belenitskaya and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-13 with Science categories.

Like water, salt is one of the most commonplace items in our everyday lives. From the omnipresent shaker that you see on every table in every restaurant, to the ocean water we swim in, salt is something that we rarely think about. But there is much more to the story of salt than most people think. Not only is salt a natural resource that must be captured and refined for public consumption, but “salt domes,” large deposits of salt that form under the ground, are important for finding and drilling for petroleum and natural gas. Salt is so important that, in ancient times, it was sometimes used as a currency in various cultures around the world, and it has been used as a food preservative, long before refrigeration was invented. Salt is something we rarely think about, but it is one of the most important natural resources that exists. This is the first integrated study of salt’s global development in the Earth’s subsurface, its tectonic history and kinematic evolution, “live” salt-naphtide interconnections, and their geological recycling. The Earth’s salt is shown as a peculiar umbilical thread in the analysis of numerous geological processes of salt formation, transformation, migration, discharge and regeneration, and their association with hydrocarbons. Presented here is the science of salt, including the active salt bodies’ “live” in Earth’s subsurface, their fate and influence over the other geological processes, including grandiose systems of kinetically interrelated allochthonous nappe-like and sub-vertical bodies formed by the migrating salt. Also included are a description of sub-conformable sheet-like salt bodies formed not by the evaporation but by emigration of buried brine-salt masses and their discharge at new, younger stratigraphic levels, a description of a phenomenon of the “halo-volcanism” due to depth breakthroughs and explosive discharges of the hydrocarbon-brine-salt masses, an examination of the over-diapir surface and brine lakes with fluctuating levels, and many other things. The book provides new interpretations of numerous issues reflecting the salt “life” manifestations and gives a key to a broad circle of the geological enigmas, from global events like the Messinian crisis in the Mediterranean to Biblical legends and enigmas of the Dead Sea-lake. Whether you are a scientist or student working in the natural or Earth sciences, a geologist, an anthropologist, a petroleum engineer, a petrophysicist, or any other engineer or student working in petroleum engineering, this groundbreaking work is a must-have. Perfect for any scientist or engineer’s library, this volume can be a must-read page-turner or a valuable reference work.

Salt Systems Of The Earth

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Author : Galina Belenitskaya
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-11-14

Salt Systems Of The Earth written by Galina Belenitskaya and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-14 with Science categories.

Like water, salt is one of the most commonplace items in our everyday lives. From the omnipresent shaker that you see on every table in every restaurant, to the ocean water we swim in, salt is something that we rarely think about. But there is much more to the story of salt than most people think. Not only is salt a natural resource that must be captured and refined for public consumption, but “salt domes,” large deposits of salt that form under the ground, are important for finding and drilling for petroleum and natural gas. Salt is so important that, in ancient times, it was sometimes used as a currency in various cultures around the world, and it has been used as a food preservative, long before refrigeration was invented. Salt is something we rarely think about, but it is one of the most important natural resources that exists. This is the first integrated study of salt’s global development in the Earth’s subsurface, its tectonic history and kinematic evolution, “live” salt-naphtide interconnections, and their geological recycling. The Earth’s salt is shown as a peculiar umbilical thread in the analysis of numerous geological processes of salt formation, transformation, migration, discharge and regeneration, and their association with hydrocarbons. Presented here is the science of salt, including the active salt bodies’ “live” in Earth’s subsurface, their fate and influence over the other geological processes, including grandiose systems of kinetically interrelated allochthonous nappe-like and sub-vertical bodies formed by the migrating salt. Also included are a description of sub-conformable sheet-like salt bodies formed not by the evaporation but by emigration of buried brine-salt masses and their discharge at new, younger stratigraphic levels, a description of a phenomenon of the “halo-volcanism” due to depth breakthroughs and explosive discharges of the hydrocarbon-brine-salt masses, an examination of the over-diapir surface and brine lakes with fluctuating levels, and many other things. The book provides new interpretations of numerous issues reflecting the salt “life” manifestations and gives a key to a broad circle of the geological enigmas, from global events like the Messinian crisis in the Mediterranean to Biblical legends and enigmas of the Dead Sea-lake. Whether you are a scientist or student working in the natural or Earth sciences, a geologist, an anthropologist, a petroleum engineer, a petrophysicist, or any other engineer or student working in petroleum engineering, this groundbreaking work is a must-have. Perfect for any scientist or engineer’s library, this volume can be a must-read page-turner or a valuable reference work.

Fresh Salt Water Systems On Earth Earth Science Grade 8

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Author : Tracy Bellaire
language : en
Publisher: Earth & Space Science Series
Release Date : 2014-04-10

Fresh Salt Water Systems On Earth Earth Science Grade 8 written by Tracy Bellaire and has been published by Earth & Space Science Series this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-10 with Science categories.

Topics covered include: Water Systems: Sustainability: Stewardship Systems and Interactions: Change and Continuity

Salt Of The Earth

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Author : Individualized Science Instructional Systems
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975

Salt Of The Earth written by Individualized Science Instructional Systems and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Geology categories.

The Salt Of The Earth

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Author : Jozef Wittlin
language : en
Publisher: Pushkin Press
Release Date : 2021-01-12

The Salt Of The Earth written by Jozef Wittlin and has been published by Pushkin Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-12 with Fiction categories.

The classic pacifist novel by a major Polish writer, who was nominated for the Nobel Prize At the beginning of the twentieth century the villagers of the Carpathian mountains lead a simple life, much as they have always done. Among them is Piotr, a bandy-legged peasant, who wants nothing more from life than an official railway cap, a cottage, and a bride with a dowry. But then the First World War reaches the mountains and Piotr is drafted into the army. All the weight of imperial authority is used to mould him into an unthinking fighting machine, forced to fight a war he does not understand, for interests other than his own. The Salt of the Earth is a classic war novel and a powerfully pacifist tale about the consequences of war for ordinary men.

Evaluation Of The U S Department Of Energy S Alternatives For The Removal And Disposition Of Molten Salt Reactor Experiment Fluoride Salts

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Author : Molten Salt Panel of the Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-03-12

Evaluation Of The U S Department Of Energy S Alternatives For The Removal And Disposition Of Molten Salt Reactor Experiment Fluoride Salts written by Molten Salt Panel of the Committee on Remediation of Buried and Tank Wastes and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-12 with Science categories.

This book discusses the technical alternatives for cleanup of radioactive fluoride salts that were the fuel for the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment, a novel nuclear reactor design that was tested in the 1960s at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. These fluoride salts pose an unusual cleanup challenge. The book discusses alternatives for processing and removing the salts based on present knowledge of fluoride salt chemistry and nuclear reactions of the radioactive constituents.

The Earth S Fragile Systems

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Author : Thorkil Kristensen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-07-11

The Earth S Fragile Systems written by Thorkil Kristensen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-11 with Nature categories.

The Earth's Fragile Systems is concerned with some of the most pressing and worrying of the problems afflicting our globe, problems that have been discussed in various forums and are well known not to be simple intellectually, practically or politically.

Rare Earths Industry

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Author : Ismar Borges De Lima
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-09-10

Rare Earths Industry written by Ismar Borges De Lima and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-10 with Science categories.

Rare Earths elements are composed of 15 chemical elements in the periodic table. Scandium and yttrium have similar properties, with mineral assemblages, and are therefore referred alike in the literature. Although abundant in the planet surface, the Rare Earths are not found in concentrated forms, thus making them economically valued as they are so challenging to obtain. Rare Earths Industry: Technological, Economic and Environmental Implications provides an interdisciplinary orientation to the topic of Rare Earths with a focus on technical, scientific, academic, economic, and environmental issues. Part I of book deals with the Rare Earths Reserves and Mining, Part II focuses on Rare Earths Processes and High-Tech Product Development, and Part III deals with Rare Earths Recycling Opportunities and Challenges. The chapters provide updated information and priceless analysis of the theme, and they seek to present the latest techniques, approaches, processes and technologies that can reduce the costs of compliance with environmental concerns in a way it is possible to anticipate and mitigate emerging problems. Discusses the influence of policy on Rare Earth Elements to help raise interest in developing strategies for management resource development and exploitation Global contributions will address solutions in countries that are high RE producers, including China, Brazil, Australia, and South China End of chapter critical summaries outline the technological, economic and environmental implications of rare earths reserves, exploration and market Provides a concise, but meaningful, geopolitical analysis of the current worldwide scenario and importance of rare earths exploration for governments, corporate groups, and local stakeholders

Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere

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Author : Heinrich Walter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere written by Heinrich Walter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.

Rare Metal Technology 2021

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Author : Gisele Azimi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-02-16

Rare Metal Technology 2021 written by Gisele Azimi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. It covers metals essential for critical modern technologies including electronics, electric motors, generators, energy storage systems, and specialty alloys. ​Rare metals are the main building blocks of many emerging critical technologies and have been receiving significant attention in recent years. Much research in academia and industry is devoted to finding novel techniques to extract critical and rare metals from primary and secondary sources. The technologies that rely on critical metals are dominating the world, and finding a way to extract and supply them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial. Rapid development of these technologies entails fast advancement of the resource and processing industry for their building materials. Authors from academia and industry exchange knowledge on developing, operating, and advancing extractive and processing technologies. Contributions cover rare-earth elements (magnets, catalysts, phosphors, and others), energy storage materials (lithium, cobalt, vanadium, graphite), alloy elements (scandium, niobium, titanium), and materials for electronics (gallium, germanium, indium, gold, silver). The contributions also cover various processing techniques in mineral beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, separation and purification, pyrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, supercritical fluid extraction, and recycling (batteries, magnets, electrical and electronic equipment).