Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere
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Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere
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Author : Heinrich Walter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere written by Heinrich Walter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.
Vegetationszonen Und Klima Engl
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Author : Heinrich Walter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2002-08-07
Vegetationszonen Und Klima Engl written by Heinrich Walter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08-07 with Gardening categories.
Zonobiome, desert, Tundra, Taiga, laurel, ecosystem, grassland, climate, forest, tropical, woodlands, rain.
Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere
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Author : Heinrich Walter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere written by Heinrich Walter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
We shall limit our observations to the conditions in natural ecosystems, since it would be beyond the scope of this book to embark upon a consideration of secondary, man-made ecosystems. 2. Classification of the Geo-biosphere into Zonobiomes The biosphere is the thin layer of the earth's surface to which the phenomena connected with living matter are confined. On land, this comprises the lowest layer of the atmosphere permanently inhabited by living organisms and into which plants extend, as well as the root-containing portion of the lithosphere, which we term the soil. Living organisms are also found in all bodies of water, to the very depths of the oceans. In a watery medium, however, cycling of material is achieved by means other than those on land, and the organisms (plankton) are so different that aquatic ecosystems have to be dealt with separately. The biosphere is therefore subdivided into (a) the geo-biosphere comprising terrestrial ecosystems, and (b) the hydro-biosphere, comprising aquatic ecosystems, which is the field of hydrobiologists (oceanographers and limnologists) . Our studies are confined to the geo-biosphere (Walter 1976), which constitutes the habitat of man and is, therefore, of special interest. The prevailing climate, being the primary independent factor in the environment, can be used as a basis for further subdivision of the geo-biosphere since the formation of soil and type of vegetation are dependent upon it (see p. 3), and it has not yet been substantially influenced by man.
Walter S Vegetation Of The Earth
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Author : Siegmar-Walter Breckle
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2002
Walter S Vegetation Of The Earth written by Siegmar-Walter Breckle and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Science categories.
Vegetation, soil and climate are the most important components of ecological systems. This long-awaited fourth edition of the well-established textbook by Heinrich Walter summarizes our knowledge of the earth's ecology and constitutes the basis for a deeper understanding of the larger interrelations on a global scale. While Walter's general concept remains unchanged, the individual chapters have been completely revised, enlarged and updated. The author's intimate knowledge of practically all classes of plants and climatic zones allows him to describe the various ecological systems in close detail. This richly illustrated textbook is a must for every student in the plant sciences.
Ecological Systems Of The Geobiosphere
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Author : Heinrich Walter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Ecological Systems Of The Geobiosphere written by Heinrich Walter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Geoecology An Evolutionary Approach
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Author : Richard Huggett
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2002-09-11
Geoecology An Evolutionary Approach written by Richard Huggett and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-11 with Science categories.
Animals, plants and soils interact with one another, with the terrestrial spheres, and with the rest of the Cosmos. On land, this rich interaction creates landscape systems or geoecosystems. Geoecology investigates the structure and function of geoecosystems, their components and their environment. The author develops a simple dynamic systems model, the `brash' equation, to form the conceptual framework for the book suggesting an `ecological' and `evolutionary' approach. Exploring internal of `ecological' interactions between geoecosystems and their near-surface environments - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, toposhere, and lithosphere - and external influences, both geological and cosmic, Geoecology presents geoecosystems as dynamic entities constantly responding to changes within themselves and their surroundings. An `evolutionary' view emerges of geoecological systems, and the animals, plants, and soils comprising them, providing a new way of thinking for the whole environmental complex and the rich web of interdependencies contained therein.
Flora And Fauna Of Alpine Australasia
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Author : Bryan A Barlow
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2023-08-14
Flora And Fauna Of Alpine Australasia written by Bryan A Barlow and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-14 with Science categories.
Seeds
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Author : Carol C. Baskin
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-02-20
Seeds written by Carol C. Baskin and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-20 with Science categories.
The new edition of Seeds contains new information on many topics discussed in the first edition, such as fruit/seed heteromorphism, breaking of physical dormancy and effects of inbreeding depression on germination. New topics have been added to each chapter, including dichotomous keys to types of seeds and kinds of dormancy; a hierarchical dormancy classification system; role of seed banks in restoration of plant communities; and seed germination in relation to parental effects, pollen competition, local adaption, climate change and karrikinolide in smoke from burning plants. The database for the world biogeography of seed dormancy has been expanded from 3,580 to about 13,600 species. New insights are presented on seed dormancy and germination ecology of species with specialized life cycles or habitat requirements such as orchids, parasitic, aquatics and halophytes. Information from various fields of science has been combined with seed dormancy data to increase our understanding of the evolutionary/phylogenetic origins and relationships of the various kinds of seed dormancy (and nondormancy) and the conditions under which each may have evolved. This comprehensive synthesis of information on the ecology, biogeography and evolution of seeds provides a thorough overview of whole-seed biology that will facilitate and help focus research efforts. - Most wide-ranging and thorough account of whole-seed dormancy available - Contains information on dormancy and germination of more than 14,000 species from all the continents – even the two angiosperm species native to the Antarctica continent - Includes a taxonomic index so researchers can quickly find information on their study organism(s) and - Provides a dichotomous key for the kinds of seed dormancy - Topics range from fossil evidence of seed dormancy to molecular biology of seed dormancy - Much attention is given to the evolution of kinds of seed dormancy - Includes chapters on the basics of how to do seed dormancy studies; on special groups of plants, for example orchids, parasites, aquatics, halophytes; and one chapter devoted to soil seed banks - Contains a revised, up-dated classification scheme of seed dormancy, including a formula for each kind of dormancy - Detailed attention is given to physiological dormancy, the most common kind of dormancy on earth
The Prince Edward Islands
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Author : Steven Chown
language : en
Publisher: AFRICAN SUN MeDIA
Release Date : 2008-06-01
The Prince Edward Islands written by Steven Chown and has been published by AFRICAN SUN MeDIA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-01 with Science categories.
This book provides a modern, synthetic overview of what is known about the structure, functioning and interactions of marine and terrestrial systems at the Prince Edward Islands. Building on more than 50 years of biological, geological, meteorological, and oceanographic research, it demonstrates not only how inextricably linked marine and terrestrial systems at the islands are, but also how global environmental challenges, such as climate change, biological invasions, and over exploitation, are playing out at the regional and local levels in the Southern Ocean.
Natural Grasslands
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Author : R.T. Coupland
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1993-02-01
Natural Grasslands written by R.T. Coupland and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-02-01 with Nature categories.
This volume is concerned with those parts of the earth's surface where semiarid to subhumid climate determines that the potential vegetation is characterized by a more or less continuous layer of grasses and other associated herbs. These grasslands have been modified to a very considerable degree by the activities of man and his domesticated animals. The authors of the various chapters have evaluated the effect of these stresses in modifying ecosystem structure and activities of organisms.The book provides an intensively referenced and indexed synthesis and review of knowledge concerning the natural grasslands of the world in as uniform a style as possible. Because of its length, it is published in two parts. The first part deals with the grasslands of the Western Hemisphere, and the Eastern Hemisphere and the resumé compose this second volume.