Science As Social Knowledge
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Science As Social Knowledge
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Author : Helen E. Longino
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1990-02-21
Science As Social Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-02-21 with Philosophy categories.
Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process. Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.
Scientific Knowledge And Its Social Problems
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Author : Jerome R. Ravetz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-09-10
Scientific Knowledge And Its Social Problems written by Jerome R. Ravetz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-10 with Political Science categories.
Science is continually confronted by new and difficult social and ethical problems. Some of these problems have arisen from the transformation of the academic science of the prewar period into the industrialized science of the present. Traditional theories of science are now widely recognized as obsolete. In Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (originally published in 1971), Jerome R. Ravetz analyzes the work of science as the creation and investigation of problems. He demonstrates the role of choice and value judgment, and the inevitability of error, in scientific research. Ravetz's new introductory essay is a masterful statement of how our understanding of science has evolved over the last two decades.
The Fate Of Knowledge
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Author : Helen E. Longino
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-05
The Fate Of Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-05 with Philosophy categories.
Helen Longino seeks to break the current deadlock in the ongoing wars between philosophers of science and sociologists of science--academic battles founded on disagreement about the role of social forces in constructing scientific knowledge. While many philosophers of science downplay social forces, claiming that scientific knowledge is best considered as a product of cognitive processes, sociologists tend to argue that numerous noncognitive factors influence what scientists learn, how they package it, and how readily it is accepted. Underlying this disagreement, however, is a common assumption that social forces are a source of bias and irrationality. Longino challenges this assumption, arguing that social interaction actually assists us in securing firm, rationally based knowledge. This important insight allows her to develop a durable and novel account of scientific knowledge that integrates the social and cognitive. Longino begins with a detailed discussion of a wide range of contemporary thinkers who write on scientific knowledge, clarifying the philosophical points at issue. She then critically analyzes the dichotomous understanding of the rational and the social that characterizes both sides of the science studies stalemate and the social account that she sees as necessary for an epistemology of science that includes the full spectrum of cognitive processes. Throughout, her account is responsive both to the normative uses of the term knowledge and to the social conditions in which scientific knowledge is produced. Building on ideas first advanced in her influential book Science as Social Knowledge, Longino brings her account into dialogue with current work in social epistemology and science studies and shows how her critical social approach can help solve a variety of stubborn problems. While the book focuses on epistemological concerns related to the sociality of inquiry, Longino also takes up its implications for scientific pluralism. The social approach, she concludes, best allows us to retain a meaningful concept of knowledge in the face of theoretical plurality and uncertainty.
States Of Knowledge
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Author : Sheila Jasanoff
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-07-31
States Of Knowledge written by Sheila Jasanoff and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-07-31 with Social Science categories.
Notes on contributors Acknowledgements 1. The Idiom of Co-production Sheila Jasanoff 2. Ordering Knowledge, Ordering Society Sheila Jasanoff 3. Climate Science and the Making of a Global Political Order Clark A. Miller 4. Co-producing CITES and the African Elephant Charis Thompson 5. Knowledge and Political Order in the European Environment Agency Claire Waterton and Brian Wynne 6. Plants, Power and Development: Founding the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, 1880-1914 William K. Storey 7. Mapping Systems and Moral Order: Constituting property in genome laboratories Stephen Hilgartner 8. Patients and Scientists in French Muscular Dystrophy Research Vololona Rabeharisoa and Michel Callon 9. Circumscribing Expertise: Membership categories in courtroom testimony Michael Lynch 10. The Science of Merit and the Merit of Science: Mental order and social order in early twentieth-century France and America John Carson 11. Mysteries of State, Mysteries of Nature: Authority, knowledge and expertise in the seventeenth century Peter Dear 12. Reconstructing Sociotechnical Order: Vannevar Bush and US science policy Michael Aaron Dennis 13. Science and the Political Imagination in Contemporary Democracies Yaron Ezrah 14. Afterword Sheila Jasanoff References Index
Ebook Science Social Theory Public Knowledge
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Author : Alan Irwin
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Release Date : 2003-10-16
Ebook Science Social Theory Public Knowledge written by Alan Irwin and has been published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-16 with Social Science categories.
How might social theory, public understanding of science and science policy best inform one another? What have been the key features of science-society relations in the modern world? How are we to re-think science-society relations in the context of globalization, hybridity and changing patterns of governance? This topical and unique book draws together the three key perspectives on science-society relations: public understanding of science, scientific and public governance, and social theory. The book presents a series of case studies (including the debates on genetically modified foods and the AIDS movement in the USA) to discuss critically the ways in which social theorists, social scientists, and science policy makers deal with science-society relations. ‘Science' and 'society' combine in many complex ways. Concepts such as citizenship, expertise, governance, democracy and the public need to be re-thought in the context of contemporary concerns with globalization and hybridity. A radical new approach is developed and the notion of ethno-epistemic assemblage is used to articulate a new series of questions for the theorization, empirical study and politics of science-society relations.
Science Without Myth
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Author : Sergio Sismondo
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1996-01-01
Science Without Myth written by Sergio Sismondo and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-01 with Social Science categories.
This philosophical introduction to and discussion of social and political studies of science argues that scientific knowledge is socially constructed.
The Social Production Of Scientific Knowledge
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Author : E. Mendelsohn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Social Production Of Scientific Knowledge written by E. Mendelsohn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with History categories.
States Of Knowledge
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Author : Sheila Jasanoff
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis US
Release Date : 2006
States Of Knowledge written by Sheila Jasanoff and has been published by Taylor & Francis US this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Social Science categories.
The authors of this collection aim to fill the gap between science & technology studies on the one hand & the other social sciences on the other. They argue that ways of knowing the world are inseparably linked to the ways in which people seek to organize & control it.
Science And The Sociology Of Knowledge Rle Social Theory
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Author : Michael Mulkay
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-08-07
Science And The Sociology Of Knowledge Rle Social Theory written by Michael Mulkay and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-07 with Social Science categories.
How far is scientific knowledge a product of social life? In addressing this question, the major contributors to the sociology of knowledge have agreed that the conclusions of science are dependent on social action only in a very special and limited sense. In Science and the Sociology of Knowledge Michael Mulkay's first aim is to identify the philosophical assumptions which have led to this view of science as special; and to present a systematic critique of the standard philosophical account of science, showing that there are no valid epistemological grounds for excluding scientific knowledge from the scope of sociological analysis. The rest of the book is devoted to developing a preliminary interpretation of the social creation of scientific knowledge. The processes of knowledge-creation are delineated through a close examination of recent case studies of scientific developments. Dr Mulkay argues that knowledge is produced by means of negotiation, the outcome of which depends on the participants' use of social as well as technical resources. The analysis also shows how cultural resources are taken over from the broader social milieu and incorporated into the body of certified knowledge; and how, in the political context of society at large, scientists' technical as well as social claims are conditioned and affected by their social position.
Public Knowledge
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Author : J. M. Ziman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1968
Public Knowledge written by J. M. Ziman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Science categories.
In this 1974 book a practising scientist and gifted expositor sets forth an exciting point of view on the nature of science and how it works. Professor Ziman argues that the true goal of all scientific research is to contribute to the consensus of universally accepted knowledge. He explores the philosophical, psychological and sociological consequences of the principle, and explains how, in practice, the consensus is established and how the work of the individual scientist becomes a part of it. The intellectual form of scientific knowledge is determined by the need for the scientist to communicate his findings and to make them acceptable to others. Professor Ziman's essay, being written in plain English, and requiring only the slenderest knowledge of science, can (and should) be read by any educated person; as he says 'all genuine scientific procedures of thought and argument are essentially the same as those of everyday life'.