Science Studies During The Cold War And Beyond

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Science Studies During The Cold War And Beyond

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Author : Elena Aronova
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-24

Science Studies During The Cold War And Beyond written by Elena Aronova and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-24 with Science categories.

This book examines the ways in which studies of science intertwined with Cold War politics, in both familiar and less familiar “battlefields” of the Cold War. Taken together, the essays highlight two primary roles for science studies as a new field of expertise institutionalized during the Cold War in different political regimes. Firstly, science studies played a political role in cultural Cold War in sustaining as well as destabilizing political ideologies in different political and national contexts. Secondly, it was an instrument of science policies in the early Cold War: the studies of science were promoted as the underpinning for the national policies framed with regard to both global geopolitics and local national priorities. As this book demonstrates, however, the wider we cast our net, extending our histories beyond the more researched developments in the Anglophone West, the more complex and ambivalent both the “science studies” and “the Cold War” become outside these more familiar spaces. The national stories collected in this book may appear incommensurable with what we know as science studies today, but these stories present a vantage point from which to pluralize some of the visions that were constitutive to the construction of “Cold War” as a juxtaposition of the liberal democracies in the “West” and the communist “East.”

The Surveillance Imperative

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Author : S. Turchetti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-17

The Surveillance Imperative written by S. Turchetti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-17 with Political Science categories.

Surveillance is a key notion for understanding power and control in the modern world, but it has been curiously neglected by historians of science and technology. Using the overarching concept of the "surveillance imperative," this collection of essays offers a new window on the evolution of the environmental sciences during and after the Cold War.

Scientific History

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Author : Elena Aronova
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2021-04-02

Scientific History written by Elena Aronova and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-02 with History categories.

Introduction -- The quest for scientific history -- Scientific history and the Russian locale -- Nikolai Vavilov, genogeography, and history's past future -- Julian Huxley's cold wars -- The UNESCO "History of Mankind: Cultural and Scientific Development" Project -- Information socialism, historical informatics, and the markets -- Epilogue.

Freedom S Laboratory

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Author : Audra J. Wolfe
language : en
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Release Date : 2020-08-04

Freedom S Laboratory written by Audra J. Wolfe and has been published by Johns Hopkins University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-04 with Science categories.

Closing in the present day with a discussion of the 2017 March for Science and the prospects for science and science diplomacy in the Trump era, the book demonstrates the continued hold of Cold War thinking on ideas about science and politics in the United States.

Competing With The Soviets

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Author : Audra J. Wolfe
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2013-01-01

Competing With The Soviets written by Audra J. Wolfe and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-01 with Science categories.

A synthetic account of how science became a central weapon in the ideological Cold War. Honorable Mention for the Forum for the History of Science in America Book Prize of the Forum for the History of Science in America For most of the second half of the twentieth century, the United States and its allies competed with a hostile Soviet Union in almost every way imaginable except open military engagement. The Cold War placed two opposite conceptions of the good society before the uncommitted world and history itself, and science figured prominently in the picture. Competing with the Soviets offers a short, accessible introduction to the special role that science and technology played in maintaining state power during the Cold War, from the atomic bomb to the Human Genome Project. The high-tech machinery of nuclear physics and the space race are at the center of this story, but Audra J. Wolfe also examines the surrogate battlefield of scientific achievement in such diverse fields as urban planning, biology, and economics; explains how defense-driven federal investments created vast laboratories and research programs; and shows how unfamiliar worries about national security and corrosive questions of loyalty crept into the supposedly objective scholarly enterprise. Based on the assumption that scientists are participants in the culture in which they live, Competing with the Soviets looks beyond the debate about whether military influence distorted science in the Cold War. Scientists’ choices and opportunities have always been shaped by the ideological assumptions, political mandates, and social mores of their times. The idea that American science ever operated in a free zone outside of politics is, Wolfe argues, itself a legacy of the ideological Cold War that held up American science, and scientists, as beacons of freedom in contrast to their peers in the Soviet Union. Arranged chronologically and thematically, the book highlights how ideas about the appropriate relationships among science, scientists, and the state changed over time.

The Surveillance Imperative

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Author : S. Turchetti
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 2015-12-18

The Surveillance Imperative written by S. Turchetti and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-18 with Political Science categories.

Surveillance is a key notion for understanding power and control in the modern world, but it has been curiously neglected by historians of science and technology. Using the overarching concept of the "surveillance imperative," this collection of essays offers a new window on the evolution of the environmental sciences during and after the Cold War.

Science On Screen And Paper

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Author : Mariana Ivanova
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2024-08-01

Science On Screen And Paper written by Mariana Ivanova and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-01 with Performing Arts categories.

During the Cold War, scientific discoveries were adapted and critiqued in many different forms of media across a divided Europe. Now, more than 30 years since the end of the Cold War, Science on Screen and Paper explores the intersections between scientific research and media by drawing from media history, film studies, and the history of science. From public relations material to educational and science films, from children’s magazines to television broadcasts, the contributions in this collected volume seek to embrace medial differences and focus on intersectional themes and strategies for the representation of science.

Greening The Alliance

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Author : Simone Turchetti
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2018-12-21

Greening The Alliance written by Simone Turchetti and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-21 with Science categories.

Following the launch of Sputnik, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization became a prominent sponsor of scientific research in its member countries, a role it retained until the end of the Cold War. As NATO marks sixty years since the establishment of its Science Committee, the main organizational force promoting its science programs, Greening the Alliance is the first book to chart NATO’s scientific patronage—and the motivations behind it—from the organization’s early days to the dawn of the twenty-first century. Drawing on previously unseen documents from NATO’s own archives, Simone Turchetti reveals how its investments were rooted in the alliance’s defense and surveillance needs, needs that led it to establish a program prioritizing environmental studies. A long-overlooked and effective diplomacy exercise, NATO’s “greening” at one point constituted the organization’s chief conduit for negotiating problematic relations between allies. But while Greening the Alliance explores this surprising coevolution of environmental monitoring and surveillance, tales of science advisers issuing instructions to bomb oil spills with napalm or Dr. Strangelove–like experts eager to divert the path of hurricanes with atomic weapons make it clear: the coexistence of these forces has not always been harmonious. Reflecting on this rich, complicated legacy in light of contemporary global challenges like climate change, Turchetti offers both an eye-opening history of international politics and environmental studies and a thoughtful assessment of NATO’s future.

The Pontecorvo Affair

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Author : Simone Turchetti
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2012-02-15

The Pontecorvo Affair written by Simone Turchetti and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-15 with Biography & Autobiography categories.

In the fall of 1950, newspapers around the world reported that the Italian-born nuclear physicist Bruno Pontecorvo and his family had mysteriously disappeared while returning to Britain from a holiday trip. Because Pontecorvo was known to be an expert working for the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment, this raised immediate concern for the safety of atomic secrets, especially when it became known in the following months that he had defected to the Soviet Union. Was Pontecorvo a spy? Did he know and pass sensitive information about the bomb to Soviet experts? At the time, nuclear scientists, security personnel, Western government officials, and journalists assessed the case, but their efforts were inconclusive and speculations quickly turned to silence. In the years since, some have downplayed Pontecorvo’s knowledge of atomic weaponry, while others have claimed him as part of a spy ring that infiltrated the Manhattan Project. The Pontecorvo Affair draws from newly disclosed sources to challenge previous attempts to solve the case, offering a balanced and well-documented account of Pontecorvo, his activities, and his possible motivations for defecting. Along the way, Simone Turchetti reconsiders the place of nuclear physics and nuclear physicists in the twentieth century and reveals that as the discipline’s promise of military and industrial uses came to the fore, so did the enforcement of new secrecy provisions on the few experts in the world specializing in its application.

Beyond The Divide

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Author : Simo Mikkonen
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2015-10-01

Beyond The Divide written by Simo Mikkonen and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-01 with History categories.

Cold War history has emphasized the division of Europe into two warring camps with separate ideologies and little in common. This volume presents an alternative perspective by suggesting that there were transnational networks bridging the gap and connecting like-minded people on both sides of the divide. Long before the fall of the Berlin Wall, there were institutions, organizations, and individuals who brought people from the East and the West together, joined by shared professions, ideas, and sometimes even through marriage. The volume aims at proving that the post-WWII histories of Western and Eastern Europe were entangled by looking at cases involving France, Denmark, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, and others.