Scientific And Technical Basis For The Near Surface Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Level Waste
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Scientific And Technical Basis For The Near Surface Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Level Waste
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Scientific And Technical Basis For The Near Surface Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Level Waste written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business & Economics categories.
This comprehensive report discusses, in a generic sense, the scientific and technical basis for the disposal of low and intermediate level waste in near surface repositories. It is based on the experience of Member States with operational disposal facilities and on relevant national and international research and development studies. It focuses on basic principles, approaches, methodologies and technical criteria considered to be important for the design and safe operation of a near surface disposal facility, and for providing a convincing safety case that also covers the periods following repository closure and the end of institutional controls.
Low Level Radioactive Waste Repositories
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Author : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 1999
Low Level Radioactive Waste Repositories written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed.
Near Surface Disposal Facilities For Radioactive Waste
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Near Surface Disposal Facilities For Radioactive Waste written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Science categories.
This Safety Guide provides recommendations on how to meet safety requirements on the disposal of radioactive waste. It is concerned with the disposal of solid radioactive waste by emplacement in designated facilities at or near the land surface. The Safety Guide provides guidance on the development, operation and closure of, and on the regulatory control of, near surface disposal facilities, which are suitable for the disposal of very low level waste and low level waste. The Safety Guide provides guidance on a range of disposal methods, including the emplacement of solid radioactive waste in earthen trenches, in above ground engineered structures, in engineered structures just below the ground surface and in rock caverns, silos and tunnels excavated at depths of up to a few tens of metres underground. It is intended for use primarily by those involved with policy development for, with the regulatory control of, and with the development and operation of near surface disposal facilities.
Upgrading Of Near Surface Repositories For Radioactive Waste
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: IAEA
Release Date : 2005
Upgrading Of Near Surface Repositories For Radioactive Waste written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by IAEA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
This report considers a variety of circumstances that may require corrective actions to be assessed or implemented at near surface disposal facilities. The circumstances leading to the corrective actions, or the corrective actions themselves, may be of either a technical or a non-technical nature. Methodologies that can be employed to implement effective solutions to problems are discussed, including assessment of alternative options prior to selecting corrective actions, and the planning, implementation and verification of the specific measures adopted. Examples are provided of approaches and technologies that may be used to improve repository performance and safety. Information is also provided in the Annex on experience in various Member States with the upgrading of disposal facilities.
Disposition Of High Level Waste And Spent Nuclear Fuel
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-07-05
Disposition Of High Level Waste And Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-05 with Science categories.
Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Geologic Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste
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Author : Roland Pusch
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-04-07
Geologic Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste written by Roland Pusch and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book will address concepts and techniques for preparation and disposal of low- (LLW) and intermediate-level (ILW) radioactive waste from the nuclear industry, the weapons industry, university labs, research institutes, and from the commercial industry. It will aid decision-makers in finding optimal technical/economical solutions, including how site investigations, design, construction, identification and selection of construction materials (clay and concrete), and monitoring can be made. It will also examine techniques for isolating soil and rock contaminated by leaking nuclear plants and from damaged nuclear reactors such as those at the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear plants.
Cost Considerations And Financing Mechanisms For The Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Waste
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Cost Considerations And Financing Mechanisms For The Disposal Of Low And Intermediate Waste written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
This publication contains guidance for Member States who are currently planning or preparing new near surface repositories for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste (LILW), including cost considerations and funding mechanisms for the entire life-cycle. It covers technical and non-technical factors affecting repository costs, lists basic disposal options and summarises legal bases and infrastructure needs for establishing an effective financing system.
Characterization Of Radioactive Waste Forms And Packages
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Characterization Of Radioactive Waste Forms And Packages written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
This Safety Fundamentals publication provides a coherent set of objectives and principles for protection against ionizing radiation and for ensuring safety in the use of radiation sources. The protection objective and the safety objective, together with the eleven principles that have to be applied to achieve them, represent an international consensus. They provide the basis for the requirements in IAEA Safety Standards for the control of occupational, public and medical exposures and for the safety of sources. The Safety Fundamentals also provide an insight into the general system of protection and safety for those at senior levels in government and regulatory bodies and those responsible for making decisions relating to the uses of radiation in medicine, industry, agriculture, research and other areas.
Costing Methods And Funding Schemes For Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes
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Author : IAEA
language : en
Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency
Release Date : 2020-11-11
Costing Methods And Funding Schemes For Radioactive Waste Disposal Programmes written by IAEA and has been published by International Atomic Energy Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Reliable methods for estimating the cost of a radioactive waste disposal programme are crucial to ensure that the necessary funding for completing the disposal programme is available. Estimating the cost for disposal is, however, a challenging and complex task. Disposal programmes themselves are complex and long term undertakings, and conditions can be expected to change significantly over the time span during which a disposal programme is developed and implemented. This publication provides Member States with information on developing cost estimates for a disposal programme and establishing funding mechanisms. It will help readers in becoming informed clients by familiarizing themselves with the approaches and complexities in cost estimates and funding mechanisms for disposal. The publication is applicable to all waste categories and both near surface and geological disposal. It contains relevant examples and case studies from national programmes. The cost figures are intended to give an indication of the possible cost of certain parts or aspects of the disposal programme rather than to compare different disposal programmes costs.
Nuclear Wastes
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-02-23
Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-02-23 with Science categories.
Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.