Scientific Uncertainty And Information
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Scientific Uncertainty And Information
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Author : Leon Brillouin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-05-12
Scientific Uncertainty And Information written by Leon Brillouin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-12 with Science categories.
Scientific Uncertainty and Information focuses on the validation of theories developed in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields of science. The book first elaborates on thermodynamics, statistics, and information and the importance of scientific laws. Discussions focus on the importance and value of theories, empirical and theoretical laws, scientific laws and negentropy, principles of thermodynamics, entropy and value, negentropy, and energy degradation, and thermodynamics and information theory. The text then ponders on mathematical theorems and physical theories, imagination and invention in a theory, and causality and determinism. The manuscript underscores the weaknesses and limitations of mechanics and Poincare and the shortcomings of the Hamilton-Jacobi method for classical or quantized mechanics. Topics include the discussion of a simple example with two variables; degeneracy conditions and the possibility of finding a Hamilton-Jacobi transformation function; approximations for nondegenerate systems; methods of analytical dynamics for separated variables; and the objective world and the problem of determinism. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the validation of theories in science.
Scientific Uncertainty And Information
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Author : Léon Brillouin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Scientific Uncertainty And Information written by Léon Brillouin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Science categories.
Representing Scientific Knowledge
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Author : Chaomei Chen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-25
Representing Scientific Knowledge written by Chaomei Chen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-25 with Computers categories.
This book is written for anyone who is interested in how a field of research evolves and the fundamental role of understanding uncertainties involved in different levels of analysis, ranging from macroscopic views to meso- and microscopic ones. We introduce a series of computational and visual analytic techniques, from research areas such as text mining, deep learning, information visualization and science mapping, such that readers can apply these tools to the study of a subject matter of their choice. In addition, we set the diverse set of methods in an integrative context, that draws upon insights from philosophical, sociological, and evolutionary theories of what drives the advances of science, such that the readers of the book can guide their own research with their enriched theoretical foundations. Scientific knowledge is complex. A subject matter is typically built on its own set of concepts, theories, methodologies and findings, discovered by generations of researchers and practitioners. Scientific knowledge, as known to the scientific community as a whole, experiences constant changes. Some changes are long-lasting, whereas others may be short lived. How can we keep abreast of the state of the art as science advances? How can we effectively and precisely convey the status of the current science to the general public as well as scientists across different disciplines? The study of scientific knowledge in general has been overwhelmingly focused on scientific knowledge per se. In contrast, the status of scientific knowledge at various levels of granularity has been largely overlooked. This book aims to highlight the role of uncertainties, in developing a better understanding of the status of scientific knowledge at a particular time, and how its status evolves over the course of the development of research. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the knowledge of the types of uncertainties associated with scientific claims serves as an integral and critical part of our domain expertise.
Scientific Uncertainty And Its Influence On The Public Communication Process
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Author : Virginia H. Sublet
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Scientific Uncertainty And Its Influence On The Public Communication Process written by Virginia H. Sublet and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Experts from academia and government who are actively engaged in research in the area of risk communication present a compendium of cases that give information and allow the development of strategies to improve the communication of scientific information to the public. The cases span Western, Central and Eastern Europe, covering such areas as nuclear waste, heavy metal contamination, landfill siting, risk perception, global warming, international health for all, and more. The conclusions and recommendations presented here are being used to develop future activities to further explore this area of risk communication as an international study. Audience: Scientists, risk communicators, psychologists, toxicologists, health professionals, and anyone who has an interest in public communication on scientific uncertainty.
Expressing Scientific Uncertainty
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Author : Charles Weiss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Expressing Scientific Uncertainty written by Charles Weiss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This paper proposes a subjective scale of scientific uncertainty that allows a source of scientific information to express to a lay audience the subjective level of certainty or uncertainty that it associates with a particular assertion of scientific fact, or to represent the range of expert opinion regarding that certainty or uncertainty. The scale is intended as a tool to help increase the precision and rationality of discourse in controversies in which generalists untrained in natural science must judge the merits of opposing arguments in disputes among scientific experts. It complements the quantitative scale of uncertainty, based on Bayesian statistics, used in the recent report of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change. Both of these scales are designed for use in situations where the risk probabilities are not precisely known. The scale takes advantage of the fact that there are many more standards of proof recognized in the US legal system beyond the familiar 'criminal' and 'civil' standards of 'beyond a reasonable doubt' and 'preponderance of the evidence', respectively, and that these standards correspond to levels of certainty or uncertainty that constitute acceptable bases for legal decisions in a variety of practical contexts. The levels of certainty or uncertainty corresponding to these standards of proof correspond rather well to the informal scale of certainty used by research scientists in the course of their everyday work, and indeed by ordinary people as they estimate the likelihood of one or another proposition.
Uncertainty
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Author : Kostas Kampourakis
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020
Uncertainty written by Kostas Kampourakis and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Philosophy categories.
Anti-evolutionists, climate denialists, and anti-vaxxers, among others, question some of the best-established scientific findings by referring to the uncertainties in these areas of research. Uncertainty: How It Makes Science Advance shows that uncertainty is an inherent feature of science that makes it advance by motivating further research.
Simplifying Science
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Author : Jakob Daniel Jensen
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2007
Simplifying Science written by Jakob Daniel Jensen and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
News coverage of scientific research is routinely streamlined. In other words, the research is stripped of caveats, limitations, and other indicators of scientific uncertainty. But whether streamlining affects audience perception is unknown. It has been suggested that streamlining may (a) influence news consumers' perceptions of scientists' and journalists' credibility (perceptions which may be related to support for scientific research and adoption of science-based recommendations) and/or (b) aid audience understanding of complex scientific information. To test these assumptions, a multiple-message experiment (N = 910) was conducted wherein college undergraduates were exposed to one of five manipulated news articles focused on cancer research. The articles were all manipulated to have varying levels (no uncertainty, low uncertainty, high uncertainty) and sources of scientific uncertainty (attributed to either scientists responsible for the research or to scientists unaffiliated with the research). The study found that both scientists and journalists were viewed as more trustworthy when scientific uncertainty in news coverage of cancer research was increased and attributed to the scientists responsible for the research (as opposed to scientists unaffiliated with the research). Generally speaking, learning was not affected by the manipulations; although there was a marginally significant interaction between level of uncertainty and participant cancer anxiety. When news articles contained uncertainty, participants with low cancer anxiety were able to answer more questions correctly whereas participants with high cancer anxiety answered fewer questions correctly. The results provide researchers with valuable information about the role of scientific uncertainty in lay processing of science news as well as practical guidance to both scientists and journalists interested in the effective communication of science.
Communicating Information Under Scientific Uncertainty
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Author : Betty K. Jensen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Communicating Information Under Scientific Uncertainty written by Betty K. Jensen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Electromagnetic fields categories.
Error And Uncertainty In Scientific Practice
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Author : Marcel Boumans
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-10-06
Error And Uncertainty In Scientific Practice written by Marcel Boumans and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-06 with History categories.
Assessment of error and uncertainty is a vital component of both natural and social science. This edited volume presents case studies of research practices across a wide spectrum of scientific fields. It compares methodologies and presents the ingredients needed for an overarching framework applicable to all.
Uncertain Science Uncertain World
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Author : Henry N. Pollack
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-06-23
Uncertain Science Uncertain World written by Henry N. Pollack and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-23 with Science categories.
Is the world warming due to the Greenhouse Effect? Can nuclear weapon arsenals be relied upon without periodic testing? Is the world running out of oil? What action should be taken against an outbreak of foot-and-mouth or BSE? Why can't scientists provide certain answers to these and many other questions? The uncertainty of science is puzzling. It arises when scientists have more than one answer to a problem or disagree amongst themselves. In this engaging book, Henry Pollack guides the reader through the maze of contradiction and uncertainty, acquainting them with the ways that uncertainty arises in science, how scientists accommodate and make use of uncertainty, and how in the face of uncertainty they reach their conclusions. Taking examples from recent science headlines and every day life, Uncertain Science ... Uncertain World enables the reader to evaluate uncertainty from their own perspectives, and find out more about how science actually works.