Screening And Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Screening And Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2013-03-23
Screening And Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-23 with Medical categories.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first discovered in pregnancy. Pregestational diabetes mellitus refers to any type of diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy. Pregnant women with pregestational diabetes experience an increased risk of poor maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. The extent to which GDM predicts adverse outcomes for mother, fetus, and neonate is less clear. Depending on the diagnostic criteria used and the population screened, the prevalence of GDM ranges from 1.1 to 25.5 percent of pregnancies in the United States. The incidence of GDM has increased over the past decades in parallel with the increase in rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and this trend is expected to continue. It is unclear how much the increase in obesity will affect the proportion of women diagnosed with overt diabetes during pregnancy versus transient pregnancy-induced glucose intolerance. GDM is usually diagnosed after 20 weeks' gestation when placental hormones that have the opposite effect of insulin on glucose metabolism increase substantially. Women with adequate insulin secreting capacity overcome this insulin resistance of pregnancy by secreting more endogenous insulin to maintain normal blood glucose. Women with less adequate pancreatic reserve are unable to produce sufficient insulin to overcome the increase in insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance results. Glucose abnormalities in women with GDM usually resolve postpartum, but commonly recur in subsequent pregnancies. Women with GDM have an increased risk of future development of overt diabetes. The cumulative incidence of diabetes after a diagnosis of GDM varies widely depending on maternal body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and time since index pregnancy, and it may reach levels as high as 60 percent. When glucose abnormalities persist postpartum in a woman with GDM, her diabetes is recategorized as overt diabetes. When this occurs, the likelihood that this woman had pregestational (i.e., overt) diabetes increases, especially if the diagnosis of GDM occurred before 20 weeks' gestation and glucose levels were markedly elevated in pregnancy. Based on systematic reviews published in 2003 and 2008, the USPSTF concluded that there was insufficient evidence upon which to make a recommendation regarding routine screening of all pregnant women for GDM. The primary aims of this review were to (1) identify the test properties of screening and diagnostic tests for GDM, (2) evaluate the potential benefits and harms of screening at greater than or equal to 24 weeks and less than 24 weeks' gestation, (3) assess the effects of different screening and diagnostic thresholds on outcomes for mothers and their offspring, and (4) determine the effects of treatment in modifying outcomes for women diagnosed with GDM. The benefits and harms of treatments were considered in this review to determine the downstream effects of screening on health outcomes. The intent of this review was also to assess whether evidence gaps in the previous USPSTF reviews have been filled. Key questions include: Key Question 1: What are the sensitivities, specificities, reliabilities, and yields of current screening tests for GDM? (a) After 24 weeks' gestation? (b) During the first trimester and up to 24 weeks' gestation? Key Question 2: What is the direct evidence on the benefits and harms of screening women (before and after 24 weeks' gestation) for GDM to reduce maternal, fetal, and infant morbidity and mortality? Key Question 3: In the absence of treatment, how do health outcomes of mothers who meet various criteria for GDM and their offspring compare to those who do not meet the various criteria? Key Question 4: Does treatment modify the health outcomes of mothers who meet various criteria for GDM and their offspring? Key Question 5: What are the harms of treating GDM and do they vary by diagnostic approach?
Screening And Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Screening And Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk Assessment Screening Diagnosis And Management Before During And After Pregnancy
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Author : A. Seval Ozgu-Erdinc
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-04-26
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk Assessment Screening Diagnosis And Management Before During And After Pregnancy written by A. Seval Ozgu-Erdinc and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-26 with Medical categories.
Novelties In Diabetes
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Author : C. Stettler
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2016-01-27
Novelties In Diabetes written by C. Stettler and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-27 with Medical categories.
The field of diabetes mellitus research is currently characterized by rapid and remarkable growth that has led to the development of significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances. This is very important given the fact that the frequency of the disease continues to increase at alarming rates worldwide. This new volume is a comprehensive overview of the contemporary state of the art in the field. Experts shed light on a broad range of relevant aspects, from genetic background to topics related to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. This is expanded upon through papers reporting on the present state of diabetes in pregnancy and on the relationship between diabetes and cancer. There is also an inventory of currently used therapeutic tools and a review of novel therapeutic approaches like incretin-based therapies or sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors. Additionally, the latest technological developments such as enhanced features for blood glucose meter or continuous and implantable glucose monitoring devices are included. Providing a concise but comprehensive update, this book will be essential to every clinician involved in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus A Clinical Approach
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Author : Eden Kerr
language : en
Publisher: American Medical Publishers
Release Date : 2021-11-16
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus A Clinical Approach written by Eden Kerr and has been published by American Medical Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-16 with Health & Fitness categories.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by the presence of a degree of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. A woman is assesed with gestational diabetes when glucose intolerance persists beyond 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Certain risk factors predispose a woman to develop GDM, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, age that is above 35 years, a previous history of GDM or impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, etc. A blood glucose test showing glucose levels higher than 126 mg/dl after fasting can indicate gestational diabetes. Other diagnostic techniques include urinary glucose testing, oral glucose tolerance test and screening glucose challenge test. The treatment of GDM is possible with insulin, diet and lifestyle modifications. Regular exercise, self-monitoring glucose and behavioral interventions can reduce the effects of GDM on the mother and child. This book provides comprehensive insights into gestational diabetes mellitus. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various management strategies of gestational diabetes mellitus. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on this condition.
American Dietetic Association Guide To Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Author : Alyce M. Thomas
language : en
Publisher: American Dietetic Associati
Release Date : 2005
American Dietetic Association Guide To Gestational Diabetes Mellitus written by Alyce M. Thomas and has been published by American Dietetic Associati this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Health & Fitness categories.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a growing concern in women's health. This reference examines the pathophysiology, classification, screening, and diagnosis of gestational diabetes, and provides information on testing methods used to monitor maternal and fetal health, nutrition requirements in pregnancy, medical nutrition therapy, insulin therapy in pregnancy, and postpartum considerations. Practical forms, including questionnaires, assessment forms, and food plan calculations are included.
Gestational Diabetes From Diagnosis To Treatment
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Author : Hasan Aydin
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2020-10-09
Gestational Diabetes From Diagnosis To Treatment written by Hasan Aydin and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-09 with Diabetes in pregnancy categories.
Gestational diabetes, because of its not only high prevalence but also resulting complications in both mother and fetus makes it one of the most important problem of a pregnant woman. The exact cause of gestational diabetes is unknown. Obviously, there is no one reason for the development of the disease. Placental hormones likely play a role. Insulin resistance is in the center and some factors like adipokines, lipids, inflammation, oxidative stress, heavy metals, gut microbiota, autoimmunity, metabolomics, genetic factors and vitamin D are the determinants for the development of insulin resistance and disease itself.Worldwide distribution of the disease changes according to geography. Ethnic factors also play role. Although some well-known risk factors have role in the development of the disease, 1 in 20 women without any risk factors also develop GDM. There is no universal screening and diagnostic methods. Some countries use universal screening some others prefer selective screening of women with risk factors. In addition, some suggest use of one-step diagnosis, while others two-step. The most challenging issue is use of some biomarkers in early (first trimester) diagnosis of pregnancy to prevent development of GDM. Many modalities are used in treatment. Medical nutrition therapy is still the basis of management. Exercise has some roles, too. Besides pharmacotherapies like insulin and oral antidiabetics, some modern modalities like insulin pump therapy together with continuous glucose monitoring, telemedicine, dietary supplements like myoinositols are also covered in this book. Monitorization is important in diabetes and role of nurses in follow-up is incontrovertible. If not treated well, both fetus and mother are open to complications. From congenital malformations to macrosomia, if inevitable, proper management of these problems has to be considered. Some comorbidities like hypertension, thyroid problems and psychosocial stress complicate the problem further. Fetal monitorization, time and type of delivery and management of glycaemia during peripartum period are the issues to be considered towards to end of pregnancy.The problem does not finish with the birth of baby. Both mother and newborn has to be followed for the development of future problems like postpartum diabetes and obesity. Nutrition and benefits of breastfeeding are important points for the health of the baby. In addition, every efforts has to be spent to prevent recurrence of the disease in subsequent pregnancies.The most important instrument against fighting a disease is information i.e. how much we know about it. Understanding the problem thoroughly strengthens our hands to cope and overcome it more easily. The main target of this book is to handle every aspect of the disease from diagnosis to treatment as evident from the title. It is a candidate for a reference guide in this subject. It includes most recent and update data on gestational diabetes.
Gestational Diabetes During And After Pregnancy
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Author : Catherine Kim
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-16
Gestational Diabetes During And After Pregnancy written by Catherine Kim and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-16 with Medical categories.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is becoming an increasingly prevalent disease as obesity and other chronic diseases are on the rise. It requires careful and informed clinical management as the care received during pregnancy affects not only perinatal health but the risk of developing type 2 diabetes even decades into the future, in both the mother and the child.From epidemiology and pathophysiology to diagnosis and management, covering recent breakthroughs in research and up-to-date developments in clinical practice, Gestational Diabetes During and After Pregnancy offers the reader a comprehensive and current look at Gestational Diabetes. Anyone involved in the research, public health or clinical aspects of Gestational Diabetes will find this volume a valuable aid in consolidating all recent developments regarding this disease.
Diabetes In Pregnancy Ecab
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Author : Samar Banerjee
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2012-06-07
Diabetes In Pregnancy Ecab written by Samar Banerjee and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-07 with Medical categories.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is classically seen in about 5–8% of the pregnant women. The condition appears to be caused by the same broad spectrum of physiological and genetic peculiarities that characterize diabetes outside of pregnancy. These women with GDM are also otherwise at high risk of having or developing diabetes even when not pregnant. The controversies regarding the diagnosis, management, and prevention of diabetes in pregnancy pose specific problems in clinical practice such as how to clinch the diagnosis, when to introduce therapy, what therapy to introduce, and how to predict the future course of the condition. This book is designed to address such questions with supportive typical clinical scenarios, with which all readers will be able to identify. Thus it provides an excellent opportunity to widen one’s perspective in this area.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Author : Amita Ray
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-02-05
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus written by Amita Ray and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-05 with Medical categories.
This book on gestational diabetes does not claim to cover all aspects of this complex and ever-evolving medical condition. It is an attempt by the group of authors to provide an overview, highlight important features, and bring to light certain recent advances in the diagnosis, screening, and understanding of gestational diabetes mellitus. As the book provides an overview of the condition, we are sure that reading it would provide medical undergraduates and postgraduates a quick revision for their exams. The current concepts section of the book may inspire more exploration into this area.It has been a pleasure to work with experts, both senior and junior, for this endeavor but we are particularly grateful to the publisher IntechOpen who have shown commitment and perseverance in completing this work. This new book deserves to be a success and we are sure it will be.