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Secession Of Biafra

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Biafra

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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-08-12

Biafra written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-12 with categories.

*Includes pictures *Includes contemporary accounts of the Nigerian civil war *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "[A] cardinal principle of British colonial policy [is] that the interests of a large native population shall not be subject to the will... of a small minority of educated and Europeanized natives." - Lord Frederick Lugard Nigeria was the creation of a British businessman by the name of Sir George Taubman Goldie. The gifted son of a substantial Manx military officer and politician, Goldie was educated at the prestigious Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, after which he served briefly in the army before embarking on a journey of adventure to West Africa. The year was 1877, and the West African coast was sub-divided into the spheres of influence of various European trading concerns, and while some exploration of the interior had taken place, the European rush to claim the region had yet to begin in earnest. Nigeria was an unpopular destination for European settlement, thanks to its punishing climate and proliferation of tropical disease, so it saw very little direct European influence. Europeans were posted to Nigeria or sought employment purely to satisfy the needs of administration, and, of course, the various Christian missionary organizations were led largely by whites. Christian missions, incidentally, succeeded spectacularly in the spreading of Christianity across the animist south, but they made absolutely no inroads in the Muslim north. Nigeria was among the first African colonies to be groomed for independence, and upon its success as a free nation, Britain staked a great deal. The process was lengthy, bearing in mind both the intricate ethnic tapestry of the region and the relatively complex systems of government, involving a number of different permutations in the 15 years between the end of World War II and 1960, when independence was finally granted. During this period, the realization began to dawn that the original 1914 amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates of Nigeria might have been a strategic blunder, inasmuch as an attempt had been made to forge a single territory out of two radically different and mutually antagonistic blocs. It was, of course, too late by then to try and alter the political map of Nigeria, but perhaps the creation of two territories, rather than one, would have ultimately served the region better. On October 1, 1960, the new nation of Nigeria took its place on the world stage, and it was welcomed into the United Nations and the British Commonwealth. Riding a wave of official optimism, with its deep ethnic fissures for the time being hidden, Nigeria was hailed as a signature success in British decolonization. It would soon prove to be anything but a success. Biafra: The History and Legacy of the Secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War chronicles the story of Nigeria, its civil war, and the controversial secession of Biafra. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about Biafra like never before.

Failure Of Secession In Africa The Case Of Biafranization In Nigeria

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Author : Shimels Ayele
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2020-01-13

Failure Of Secession In Africa The Case Of Biafranization In Nigeria written by Shimels Ayele and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-13 with History categories.

Essay from the year 2015 in the subject History - Africa, Mekelle University (college of social science and humanities), course: African History, language: English, abstract: This article primarily aimed to assess how Biafranization had failed, causes for the failure and its consequences. It is explanatory or analytical study based on systematic review of literature analyzed through unstructured qualitative method. Sources utilized for this study include books, legal documents and internets sources. The initial quest of the Ibos was internal self-determination. However, the absence of appropriate response resulted to the genesis for Biafranization. Ultimately, the Ibos made an attempt to achieve their goal violently. Violent quest for Biafranization had failed due to internal and external factors. Its failure also resulted to hampered development of democratic principles, undermined sense of nationalism, brought negative impact on the economy, stability, security, inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic, and ethnic nationalism became the dominant feature in the region. The conflict due to the quest for self-determination were often driven by their perceived political, economic, and cultural oppression. Such type of conflicts often goes through similar development process, but are usually defeated by military force. Both African governments and the international community were generally not sympathetic to these forms of activities. As a result, very few of these movements were successfully achieved their goal and won the right to self-determination (secession). Despite the limited success of these movements of self-determination, they have nevertheless caused considerable damage and destruction in socio, economics, and political life of the people in the continent. In fact, these movements of self-determination were caused by economic backwardness, competition to control natural resources, dysfunctional governments, and fractionalized societies (i.e. ethnic and religious).

Secession Of Biafra

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Author : Julius Afolalu
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2020-12-19

Secession Of Biafra written by Julius Afolalu and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-19 with categories.

Since the end of the Biafran-Nigerian War, it is customary for Igbos (or Ibos) to claim that Awolowo cowardly backed out of an "understanding" to declare the Oduduwa Republic when Ojukwu declared Biafra. The impression is that Awolowo seduced Igbos into going for a war, and then backed down, and left Igbos to fight the war alone. As if that was not bad enough, he turned around to join forces with the feudal Northern Nigeria to fight Igbos.This is the basis for Igbos hating, not just Awolowo, but also the entire generations of Yoruba. The hatred has reached the level of ethnic harassment of Yorubas by Igbos. This book is written to clear the misunderstandings around the Civil War, and to serve as a tool of self-defense for Yoruba children. The ethnic harassment MUST STOP.

The Struggle For Secession 1966 1970

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Author : Ntieyong U. Akpan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-01-14

The Struggle For Secession 1966 1970 written by Ntieyong U. Akpan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with History categories.

First published in 1972. This volume includes a personal recounting of events during the Nigerian Civil War, by the author who was the Chief Secretary of the Government in Biafra 1967. The second edition includes a preface that answers questions about the author's warnings and lessons for the future Africa and his reflections on the disappearance of Nigeria from news and media since the war.

Postcolonial Conflict And The Question Of Genocide

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Author : A. Dirk Moses
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-07-06

Postcolonial Conflict And The Question Of Genocide written by A. Dirk Moses and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-06 with History categories.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 The Nigeria-Biafra War: Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide -- SECTION I Genocide and the Biafran Bid for Self-Determination -- 2 Irreconcilable Narratives: Biafra, Nigeria and Arguments About Genocide, 1966-1970 -- 3 Marketing Genocide: Biafran Propaganda Strategies During the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 4 The Case Against Victor Banjo: Legal Process and the Governance of Biafra -- 5 The Biafran Secession and the Limits of Self-Determination -- SECTION II A Global Event -- 6 The UK and 'Genocide' in Biafra -- 7 France and the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 8 Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 9 Strange Bedfellows: An Unlikely Alliance Between the Soviet Union and Nigeria During the Biafran War -- 10 West German Sympathy for Biafra, 1967-1970: Actors, Perceptions and Motives -- 11 Dealing With 'Genocide': The ICRC and the UN During the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970 -- 12 Humanitarian Encounters: Biafra, NGOs and Imaginings of the Third World in Britain and Ireland, 1967-1970 -- 13 'And Starvation Is the Grim Reaper': The American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive and the Genocide Question During the Nigerian Civil War, 1968-1970 -- 14 'Black America Cares': The Response of African-Americans to Civil War and 'Genocide' in Nigeria, 1967-1970 -- SECTION III Trauma and Memory -- 15 Women and the Nigeria-Biafra War -- 16 'Biafra of the Mind': MASSOB and the Mobilization of History -- 17 Memory as Social Burden: Collective Remembrance of the Biafran War and Imaginations of Socio-Political Marginalization in Contemporary Nigeria -- 18 The Asaba Massacre and the Nigerian Civil War: Reclaiming Hidden History -- 19 Imagined Nations and Imaginary Nigeria: Chinua Achebe's Quest for a Country -- Index

Broken Back Axle

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Author : Obi N. Ignatius Ebbe
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2010-10-21

Broken Back Axle written by Obi N. Ignatius Ebbe and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-21 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.

When a country's army headquarters that is commissioned to deafeat the enemy becomes an indisputable agent of the enemey, defeat of the country is inevitable. This book is about ethnic dynamics and conflict in a multi-ethnic federation where one ethnic group sets out to eliminate an economically and academically domination one by a pogrom. The pogrom led to the secession of the oppressed ethnic group along with its minority elements in the region. In effect, a Civil War ensued. The oppressed and secessionist ethnic group, the Igbos, had the wherewithal to defeat the federal forces within three weeks, but they were internally defeated by a culture of segregation. The culturally segregated class secretly allied with the federal forces to crush the secessionist region- Biafra. The author lays down, in describing the modue operandi of the segregated class- (saboteurs), his nerve-racking experiences in the battlefiled where bonafide Biafran soldiers were hunted by their fellow comrades. Unfortunately, they did not know that they were being hunted by those they had no reason to fear. Some lucky and sincere Biafran soldiers came to know what was happening when the war was virtually over. But many did not survive the acts of sabotage. They perished in the hands of their fellow comrades. The author prescribes manifest nullification of all forms of overt and covert cultural segregation in Igbo culture for the ethnic survival. On the whole, the book demonstrates a convergence of conflict sociology, cultural anthropology, plotical history, military science, ethos of mysticism, spiritualism, and mystic philosophy in an amazing story.

Araba Let S Separate

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Author : Ayuba Mshelia
language : en
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Release Date : 2012

Araba Let S Separate written by Ayuba Mshelia and has been published by AuthorHouse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Nigeria categories.

"Araba"(separation) was a word first used by rioters at a Bauchi demonstration signaling the Northern peoples' desire to break from the federal republic of Nigeria. The catalyst for its first use was the cold-blooded murder of some prominent Northern elites, including the Premier of the North, Sir Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto, by predominantly Igbo officers, on January 15, 1966 Araba became a rallying cry for the North's disaffection with the state of affairs after Iron's promulgation of the obnoxious "decree No 34", making Nigeria a unitary state. In some quarters, it became resonant and synonymous with the rampant killing of Igbos in the North. These killings (similar things were happening to Northerners in the East) necessitated the mass movement of Igbos to the East and Northerners to the Northern territories. The North's disaffection with decree No 34 led to the overthrow of Iron's regime by predominantly Northern officers, led by, amongst others, M. Muhammed. However, military decorum and Northern political leadership demanded Muhammed defer to Gowon, even though Gowon was never part of the coup plan or a strong supporter of it. Indeed, if anything, he tried to quell it. The abrogation of decree No 34 and the creation of the twelve-state structure by Gowon was the final straw that broke the camel's back for Ojukwu, who consequently proclaimed his territory's secession from Nigeria and the creation of an independent republic of Biafra formed out of the Eastern states. The seed for a bloody civil war was thus cast, and for four years the East felt the worst for it. However, the magnanimity of a blanket amnesty given to all the rebel soldiers at the end of hostilities was admirable, and an intelligent piece of statecraft, responsible for the easy and smooth absorption of those in the East into the economic and political life of the country.

First Published in 1972. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Secession Of Biafra

Biafra

Failure Of Secession In Africa The Case Of Biafranization In Nigeria

Secession Of Biafra

The Struggle For Secession 1966 1970

Postcolonial Conflict And The Question Of Genocide

Broken Back Axle

Araba Let S Separate

The Nigerian Civil War And Its Aftermath

Africa Reports On The Nigerian Crisis

The Struggle For Secession 1966 1970

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