Second Generation Mainframes
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Second Generation Mainframes
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Author : Stephen H. Kaisler
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2019-06-04
Second Generation Mainframes written by Stephen H. Kaisler and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-04 with Computers categories.
Second Generation Mainframes: The IBM 7000 Series describes IBM’s second generation of mainframe computers which introduced new technology, new peripherals and advanced software. These systems were continuations of the instruction sets of the IBM 700 series with significant enhancements, but supported upwards compatibility that preserved customers’ investment in the earlier series. The use of magnetic cores, fast magnetic tapes and disks, and transistors yielded computation speeds that opened new domains for computation. Programming languages continued to be developed and enhanced, and new ones were developed for specific domains, such as SNOBOL, COBOL, and Macro Assemblers. Robust subroutine libraries for mathematical applications appeared. New operating systems provided many capabilities to programmers for data management and file systems, limited multiprocessing, timesharing, programming language support, and better error handling and control of peripherals. Early concepts in persistent file systems on magnetic disks were developed that changed the nature of job processing. The IBM 7000 series led the way in many innovative concepts that helped to establish IBM as the foremost manufacturer of computer systems. However, the diversity of the models put significant strain on IBM’s financial resources and development teams, which ultimately led to OBM’s development of the System/360 family of machines.
First Generation Mainframes
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Author : Stephen H. Kaisler
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2018-11-30
First Generation Mainframes written by Stephen H. Kaisler and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-30 with Computers categories.
This volume describes several different models of IBM computer systems, characterized by different data representations and instruction sets that strongly influenced computer system architecture in the 1950s and early 1960s. They focused on a common system architecture that allowed peripherals to be used on different systems, albeit with specific adapters. These systems were modular, which made them easy to manufacture, configure, and service. Computing with UNIVAC, they used reliable Williams Tubes for memory, and later introduced magnetic core memory. IBM developed its own magnetic tape drives and magnetic drums that were both faster and more reliable than UNIVAC’s peripherals. The first software systems that could reasonably be called “operating systems” enabled more efficient use of programmer time and system resources. The development of programming languages, notably FORTRAN, and assembly language processors, notably Autocoder, improved the productivity of programmers. In addition, IBM developed one of the finest product marketing, sales and servicing organizations in the world. The legacy of the IBM 700 series is found in their popular successors, the IBM 7000 Series, which will be described in a forthcoming volume.
Mainframe Computer Systems
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Author : Stephen H. Kaisler
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2020-10-22
Mainframe Computer Systems written by Stephen H. Kaisler and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-22 with Computers categories.
This volume describes General Electric Corporation’s venture into developing second and third generation mainframe computer systems. The General Electric Corporation (GE), which began its life as the Edison Electric Co., was long involved in electrical appliances and industrial machines. It was also a founder of the Radio Corporation of America, which eventually became one of its competitors, and developed many electrical systems in order to control different types of industrial machines. Its breakthrough into computing came with its winning bid to provide the computing systems for the Electronic Recording Method of Accounting) system developed for the Bank of America by the Stanford Research Institute. The success of this project led GE to develop the GE-200 series which was the foundation for commercial timesharing. The GE-235 was selected by Dartmouth for its Dartmouth Time Sharing System (DTSS), an innovative academic time-sharing system. BASIC was developed on the GE-235 computer system under DTSS. GE enhanced it to develop its Mark II/III Time Sharing System, apparently the first commercial time sharing service in the world. GE develop the GE-300/-400 systems for industrial process control. The GE-600 series replaced the GE-200 series and demonstrated innovation in time-sharing systems. The GE-645 was selected to host Multics, which was developed by MIT. However, GE felt that it could not compete in computing against IBM, Univac, and other mainframes competitors, so it folded its tent and sold its Computer Division to Honeywell, Inc. Nevertheless, GE will be remembered for many innovations which continue to be used in modern computing systems.
Innovation And The Evolution Of Industries
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Author : Franco Malerba
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-08-11
Innovation And The Evolution Of Industries written by Franco Malerba and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-11 with Business & Economics categories.
A new approach to the analysis of technological process, emphasising the tailoring of formal modelling to historical context.
The Practice Of Econometric Theory
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Author : Charles G. Renfro
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-29
The Practice Of Econometric Theory written by Charles G. Renfro and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Econometric theory, as presented in textbooks and the econometric literature generally, is a somewhat disparate collection of findings. Its essential nature is to be a set of demonstrated results that increase over time, each logically based on a specific set of axioms or assumptions, yet at every moment, rather than a finished work, these inevitably form an incomplete body of knowledge. The practice of econometric theory consists of selecting from, applying, and evaluating this literature, so as to test its applicability and range. The creation, development, and use of computer software has led applied economic research into a new age. This book describes the history of econometric computation from 1950 to the present day, based upon an interactive survey involving the collaboration of the many econometricians who have designed and developed this software. It identifies each of the econometric software packages that are made available to and used by economists and econometricians worldwide.
Handbook Of Computational Econometrics
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Author : David A. Belsley
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-08-18
Handbook Of Computational Econometrics written by David A. Belsley and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-18 with Mathematics categories.
Handbook of Computational Econometrics examines the state of the art of computational econometrics and provides exemplary studies dealing with computational issues arising from a wide spectrum of econometric fields including such topics as bootstrapping, the evaluation of econometric software, and algorithms for control, optimization, and estimation. Each topic is fully introduced before proceeding to a more in-depth examination of the relevant methodologies and valuable illustrations. This book: Provides self-contained treatments of issues in computational econometrics with illustrations and invaluable bibliographies. Brings together contributions from leading researchers. Develops the techniques needed to carry out computational econometrics. Features network studies, non-parametric estimation, optimization techniques, Bayesian estimation and inference, testing methods, time-series analysis, linear and nonlinear methods, VAR analysis, bootstrapping developments, signal extraction, software history and evaluation. This book will appeal to econometricians, financial statisticians, econometric researchers and students of econometrics at both graduate and advanced undergraduate levels.
What On Earth Is A Mainframe
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Author : David Stephens
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2008-10-08
What On Earth Is A Mainframe written by David Stephens and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-08 with Computers categories.
Confused about zSeries Mainframes? Need to understand the z/OS operating system - and in a hurry? Then you've just found the book you need.Avoiding technical jargon, this book gives you the basic facts in clear, light-hearted, entertaining English. You'll quickly learn what Mainframes are, what they do, what runs on them, and terms and terminology you need to speak Mainframe-ese.But it's not all technical. There's also invaluable information on the people that work on Mainframes, Mainframe management issues, new Mainframe trends, and other facts that don't seem to be written down anywhere else.Programmers, managers, recruitment consultants, and industry commentators will all find this book their new best friend when trying to understand the Mainframe world.
From Mainframes To Smartphones
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Author : Martin Campbell-Kelly
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2015-06-08
From Mainframes To Smartphones written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-08 with Business & Economics categories.
This compact history traces the computer industry from 1950s mainframes, through establishment of standards beginning in 1965, to personal computing in the 1980s and the Internet’s explosive growth since 1995. Martin Campbell-Kelly and Daniel Garcia-Swartz describe a steady trend toward miniaturization and explain its consequences.
Technology Strategies
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Author : Thomas Durand
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2025-02-17
Technology Strategies written by Thomas Durand and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Technological evolution represents a potential threat for incumbent businesses while offering opportunities for potential new entrants to surf the wave of change to break-in. Technology Strategies - Turning technological change into competitive advantage addresses the challenge of reaping the benefits of technological innovation, providing firms with sound concepts, frameworks, tools, and methods to develop technology strategies proactively to carve a viable path for their future. The book recaps fifty years of research findings reported in academic literature, sieving through the many bits and pieces of what has been learnt and reorganizing them into an integrated framework. The book also contains a part dedicated to the practical implications of the overall framework presented. The book delves into technological change and its strategic consequences, revisits technological substitutions beyond the classic though potentially misleading S-curve representation, and suggests buying insurance against technological uncertainty, using the concept of organizational competence and capabilities underlying technologies. Technology Strategies is an excellent resource to help top-tier management craft an overarching technology strategy for the future success of their organization.
The Univac Corporation
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Author : Stephen H. Kaisler
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2021-11-16
The Univac Corporation written by Stephen H. Kaisler and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-16 with Business & Economics categories.
Univac Corporation (now Unisys) has been an innovator in computer systems since the early 1960s. Univac (then Remington Rand), built the first commercial computer, the Univac I. This volume continues the story of Univac (later Unisys) computer systems from the Univac 1105. Its successors—the early Univac 1100 machines—helped to establish the concept of a family of computer systems. It was one of the first to develop and deploy a multidimensional operating system that supported interactive, real-time, and batch processing. Ease of access and operation in all modes was especially attractive to scientific and academic communities. It was instrumental in developing COBOL and DMS-1100 for business data processing. The upward compatibility of the Univac 1100 series machines from the Univac 1107 to the Sperry 2200 series demonstrated how evolutionary development could protect its customer’s investment while continually enhancing performance. As one of the founders of the computing industry, Univac has survived over 60 years of expansion and consolidation to survive as part of Unisys as one of the two remaining mainframe manufacturers.