Secondary Endosymbioses
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Endosymbiosis
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Author : Wolfgang Löffelhardt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-19
Endosymbiosis written by Wolfgang Löffelhardt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-19 with Science categories.
The origin of energy-conserving organelles, the mitochondria of all aerobic eukaryotes and the plastids of plants and algae, is commonly thought to be the result of endosymbiosis, where a primitive eukaryote engulfed a respiring α-proteobacterium or a phototrophic cyanobacterium, respectively. While present-day heterotrophic protists can serve as a model for the host in plastid endosymbiosis, the situation is more difficult with regard to (the preceding) mitochondrial origin: Two chapters describe these processes and theories and inherent controversies. However, the emphasis is placed on the evolution of phototrophic eukaryotes: Here, intermediate stages can be studied and the enormous diversity of algal species can be explained by multiple secondary and tertiary (eukaryote-eukaryote) endosymbioses superimposed to the single primary endosymbiotic event. Steps crucial for the establishment of a stable, mutualistic relationship between host and endosymbiont, as metabolic symbiosis, recruitment of suitable metabolite transporters, massive gene transfer to the nucleus, development of specific translocases for the re-import of endosymbiont proteins, etc. are discussed in individual chapters. Experts, dealing with biochemical, genetic and bioinformatic approaches provide insight into the state of the art of one of the central themes of biology. The book is written for graduate students, postdocs and scientists working in evolutionary biology, phycology, and phylogenetics.
Borrowed Chloroplasts
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Author : American Fern Society
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Borrowed Chloroplasts written by American Fern Society and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Secondary Endosymbioses
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Author : Yoshihisa Hirakawa
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-10-27
Secondary Endosymbioses written by Yoshihisa Hirakawa and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-27 with Science categories.
Secondary Endosymbioses, Volume 84, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, summarizes eight major groups possessing complex plastids, including heterokonts, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, chromerids, haptophytes, cryptophytes, euglenophytes and chlorarachniophytes. Updates to this new volume include sections on the Evolution of secondary plastid-bearing organisms, Primary plastids of Archeaplastida, Secondary plastids of heterokonts (diatoms), Secondary and tertiary plastids of dinoflagellates, Apicoplasts, Secondary plastids of chromerids, Secondary Plastids of haptophytes, Secondary Plastids of cryptophytes, Secondary Plastids of euglenids, and Secondary Plastids of chlorarachinophytes. Through an examination on how plastids evolved by multiple endosymbiotic events, this book discusses how diverse and abundant organisms harbor complex plastids. Presents the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series Ideal resource for post-graduates and researchers in the plant sciences, including botany, plant biochemistry, plant pathology and plant physiology Contains contributions from internationally recognized authorities in their respective fields
Characterization Of Protein Import Into Endosymbiotic Organelles
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Author : Lilian Alando Nyindodo Ogari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Characterization Of Protein Import Into Endosymbiotic Organelles written by Lilian Alando Nyindodo Ogari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Mitochondria and plastids were both acquired through different endosymbiotic events. Protein import into these two organelles has been well studied in some organisms. However, this process is not fully understood in organisms such as Giardia and Plasmodium both of which possess endosymbiotic organelles. Giardia lamblia acquired a mitochondria-like organelle known as the mitosome through endosymbiosis. Despite a fully sequenced genome, Tom 40 is the only component of the external membrane import apparatus that has been identified in G. lamblia. Using an overexpression system, we determined the functional conservation of the mitosomal protein import machinery by expressing higher eukaryotic mitochondrial proteins in Giardia mitosomes. Our results showed differential recognition of higher eukaryotic mitochondrial proteins, where NipSnap1 protein with an N-terminal targeting sequence was recognized by the mitosomal protein import machinery, while, Tom20 and Tom 22 both with internal targeting sequences were not recognized. This suggests divergence of the mitosomal protein import machinery from typical higher eukaryotic mitochondria. The parasite Plasmodium falciparum also acquired a plastid, known as the apicoplast through secondary endosymbiosis. The apicoplast has been identified as a potential drug target; however, protein import into this four membrane organelle is not fully understood. Attempts to isolate this organelle by three independent labs including ours were unsuccessful. For this reason we decided to pursue a different approach, using Euglena gracilis as a model. Similar to Plasmodium, Euglena acquired a plastid through secondary endosymbiosis and in Euglena biologically functional chloroplasts have been isolated. Since Euglena shares some common characteristics with dinoflagellates the Plasmodium ancestor, it is reasonable to conclude that there would be some conserved elements shared by the two organelles. We have successfully established the first protocol to separate envelope membranes from a multi-membrane plastid, an important step towards characterizing protein import in complex plastids. .
Symbiogenesis
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Author : Boris Mikhaĭlovich Kozo-Poli︠a︡nskiĭ
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2010-06-15
Symbiogenesis written by Boris Mikhaĭlovich Kozo-Poli︠a︡nskiĭ and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-15 with History categories.
Evolution.
Genomics Of Chloroplasts And Mitochondria
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Author : Ralph Bock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-05
Genomics Of Chloroplasts And Mitochondria written by Ralph Bock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-05 with Science categories.
The past decade has witnessed an explosion of our knowledge on the structure, coding capacity and evolution of the genomes of the two DNA-containing cell organelles in plants: chloroplasts (plastids) and mitochondria. Comparative genomics analyses have provided new insights into the origin of organelles by endosymbioses and uncovered an enormous evolutionary dynamics of organellar genomes. In addition, they have greatly helped to clarify phylogenetic relationships, especially in algae and early land plants with limited morphological and anatomical diversity. This book, written by leading experts, summarizes our current knowledge about plastid and mitochondrial genomes in all major groups of algae and land plants. It also includes chapters on endosymbioses, plastid and mitochondrial mutants, gene expression profiling and methods for organelle transformation. The book is designed for students and researchers in plant molecular biology, taxonomy, biotechnology and evolutionary biology.
Symbiosis And Its Impact On Eukaryote Evolution
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Author : Shannon Sibbald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Symbiosis And Its Impact On Eukaryote Evolution written by Shannon Sibbald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Endosymbiosis has had a significant impact on eukaryotic evolution, from various coevolving partnerships to the origin of mitochondria and plastids. Cryptophytes are a lineage of unicellular algae that harbor a red-algal plastid derived from secondary endosymbiosis and belong to a phylum (Cryptista) thought (by some) to be ancestrally non-photosynthetic. Furthermore, Cryptista has traditionally been difficult to place in the eukaryotic tree of life. To investigate Cryptista's relationship to other eukaryotes and the evolution of red-algal complex plastids, I searched for an algal footprint in genomic data from Goniomonas avonlea, a close heterotrophic relative of cryptophytes. Overall, a close association of Cryptista to Archaeplastida was revealed - specifically to green/glaucophyte algae - and little evidence supporting red-algal plastid ancestry in G. avonlea was found. Additionally, I investigated a novel, recently established, eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis not involving photosynthesis. Characterization of novel isolates and comprehensive phylogenetic analyses on Paramoeba-Perkinsela revealed a strong signal for co-evolution.
Acquiring Genomes
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Author : Lynn Margulis
language : en
Publisher: Basic Books
Release Date : 2008-08-01
Acquiring Genomes written by Lynn Margulis and has been published by Basic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-01 with Science categories.
In this groundbreaking book, Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan present an answer to one of the enduring mysteries of evolution -- the source of inherited variation that gives rise to new species. Random genetic mutation, long believed to be the main source of variation, is only a marginal factor. As the authors demonstrate in this book, the more important source of speciation, by far, is the acquisition of new genomes by symbiotic merger. The result of thirty years of delving into a vast, mostly arcane literature, this is the first book to go beyond -- and reveal the severe limitations of -- the "Modern Synthesis" that has dominated evolutionary biology for almost three generations. Lynn Margulis, whom E. O. Wilson called "one of the most successful synthetic thinkers in modern biology," and her co-author Dorion Sagan have written a comprehensive and scientifically supported presentation of a theory that directly challenges the assumptions we hold about the variety of the living world.
Photosynthetic Life
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Author : Denis Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-07-08
Photosynthetic Life written by Denis Murphy and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-08 with Photosynthesis categories.
Written primarily for mid- to upper-level undergraduates, this title the mechanisms of photosynthesis, its role in the evolution of plant-related organisms, from cyanobacteria to flowering plants, and its wider ecological and climatic significance.The primer brings together the latest research to show how the process of photosynthesis has evolved over the last three to four billion years - from its beginnings in bacteria to the various refinements now present in modern land plants.The authors explain how repeated endosymbiotic and gene gain/loss events have led to the evolution of the various algal groups and related non-photosynthetic groups, and how photosynthesis was modified as plants evolved and diversified into different ecological niches around the world. The role ofphotosynthesis in the alteration of the geology and biology of the earth, which enabled the colonisation of the land by plants and animals, is also explored. Finally, this title examines the limitations of photosynthesis and the emerging biotechnological improvements that could make this vitalprocess even more attractive as a source of clean energy, food and other industrial products.Photosynthetic Life is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources.The ebook offers a mobile experience and convenient access: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks.The online resources include:For students:- Self-test questionsFor registered adopters of the book:DT Figures from the book, available to download
One Plus One Equals One
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Author : John Archibald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
One Plus One Equals One written by John Archibald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Science categories.
We are in the midst of a revolution. It is a scientific revolution built upon the tools of molecular biology, with which we probe and prod the living world in ways unimaginable a few decades ago. Need to track a bacterium at the root of a hospital outbreak? No problem: the offending germ's complete genetic profile can be obtained in 24 hours. We insert human DNA into E. coli bacteria to produce our insulin. It is natural to look at biotechnology in the 21st century with a mix of wonder and fear. But biotechnology is not as 'unnatural' as one might think. All living organisms use the same molecular processes to replicate their genetic material and the same basic code to 'read' their genes. The similarities can be seen in their DNA. Here, John Archibald shows how evolution has been 'plugging-and-playing' with the subcellular components of life from the very beginning and continues to do so today. For evidence, we need look no further than the inner workings of our own cells. Molecular biology has allowed us to gaze back more than three billion years, revealing the microbial mergers and acquisitions that underpin the development of complex life. One Plus One Equals One tells the story of how we have come to this realization and its implications.