Characterization Of Protein Import Into Endosymbiotic Organelles
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Characterization Of Protein Import Into Endosymbiotic Organelles
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Author : Lilian Alando Nyindodo Ogari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Characterization Of Protein Import Into Endosymbiotic Organelles written by Lilian Alando Nyindodo Ogari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Mitochondria and plastids were both acquired through different endosymbiotic events. Protein import into these two organelles has been well studied in some organisms. However, this process is not fully understood in organisms such as Giardia and Plasmodium both of which possess endosymbiotic organelles. Giardia lamblia acquired a mitochondria-like organelle known as the mitosome through endosymbiosis. Despite a fully sequenced genome, Tom 40 is the only component of the external membrane import apparatus that has been identified in G. lamblia. Using an overexpression system, we determined the functional conservation of the mitosomal protein import machinery by expressing higher eukaryotic mitochondrial proteins in Giardia mitosomes. Our results showed differential recognition of higher eukaryotic mitochondrial proteins, where NipSnap1 protein with an N-terminal targeting sequence was recognized by the mitosomal protein import machinery, while, Tom20 and Tom 22 both with internal targeting sequences were not recognized. This suggests divergence of the mitosomal protein import machinery from typical higher eukaryotic mitochondria. The parasite Plasmodium falciparum also acquired a plastid, known as the apicoplast through secondary endosymbiosis. The apicoplast has been identified as a potential drug target; however, protein import into this four membrane organelle is not fully understood. Attempts to isolate this organelle by three independent labs including ours were unsuccessful. For this reason we decided to pursue a different approach, using Euglena gracilis as a model. Similar to Plasmodium, Euglena acquired a plastid through secondary endosymbiosis and in Euglena biologically functional chloroplasts have been isolated. Since Euglena shares some common characteristics with dinoflagellates the Plasmodium ancestor, it is reasonable to conclude that there would be some conserved elements shared by the two organelles. We have successfully established the first protocol to separate envelope membranes from a multi-membrane plastid, an important step towards characterizing protein import in complex plastids. .
Plant Mitochondria
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Author : James Whelan
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2015-04-25
Plant Mitochondria written by James Whelan and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-25 with Science categories.
The chapters compiled in this detailed collection outline a number of methods used to study plant mitochondria today, starting from the isolation of mitochondria to detailed analyses of RNA, protein and enzymatic activities. Given that the ability to uncover mitochondria’s unique features is underpinned by current methodology, this book explores the subject from morphology to detailed molecular mechanisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and authoritative, Plant Mitochondria: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital resource to beginners in the field as well as to expert researchers who find themselves being pulled into the field of mitochondrial research as it links to so many important aspects of plant cell biology.
Protein Targeting To Mitochondria
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Author : F.U. Hartl
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1997-02-24
Protein Targeting To Mitochondria written by F.U. Hartl and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-02-24 with Science categories.
A large number of newly-synthesized polypeptides must cross one or several intracellular membranes to reach their functional locations in the eukaryotic cell. The mechanisms of protein trafficking, in particular the post-translational targeting and membrane translocation of proteins, are of fundamental biological importance and are the focus of intensive research world-wide. For more than 15 years, mitochondria have served as the paradigm organelle system to study these processes. Although key questions, such as how precisely proteins cross a membrane, still remain to be answered, exciting progress has been made in understanding the basic pathways of protein import into mitochondria and the components involved. In addition to a fascinating richness and complexity in detail, the analysis of mitochondrial protein import has revealed mechanistic principles of general significance: Major discoveries include the demonstration of the requirement of an unfolded state for translocation and of the essential role of molecular chaperones on both sides of the membranes in maintaining a translocation-competent conformation and in protein folding after import. It is becoming clear how a polypeptide chain is "reeled" across the membrane in an ATP-dependent process by the functional cooperation of membrane proteins, presumably constituting part of a transmembrane channel, with peripheral components at the trans-side of the membrane.In this volume, eminent experts in the field take the time to review the central aspects of mitochondrial biogenesis. The logical order of the 16 chapters is determined by the sequence of steps during protein import, starting with the events taking place in the cytosol, followed by the recognition of targeting signals, the translocation of precursor proteins across the outer and inner membranes, their proteolytic processing and intramitochondrial sorting, and finally their folding and oligomeric assembly. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the export of mitochondrially encoded proteins as well as recent advances in understanding the division and inheritance of mitochondria will be discussed.
Chloroplast Biogenesis
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Author : Udaya C. Biswal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Chloroplast Biogenesis written by Udaya C. Biswal and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
Chloroplast is the organelle where the life-giving process photosynthesis takes place; it is the site where plants and algae produce food and oxygen that sustain our life. The story of how it originates from proplastids, and how it ultimately dies is beautifully portrayed by three authorities in the field: Basanti Biswal, Udaya Biswal and M. K. Raval. I consider it a great privilege and honor to have been asked to write this foreword. The book ' Chloroplast biogenesis: from proplastid to gerontoplast' goes much beyond photosynthesis. The character of the book is different from that of many currently available books because it provides an integrated approach to cover the entire life span of the organelle including its senescence and death. The books available are mostly confined to the topics relating to the 'build up' or development of chloroplast during greening. The story of organelle biogenesis without description of the events associated with its regulated dismantling during genetically programmed senescence is incomplete. A large volume of literature is available in this area of chloroplast senescence accumulated during the last 20 years. Although some of the findings in this field have been organized in the form of reviews, the data in the book are generalized and integrated with simple text and graphics. This book describes the structural features of prop las tid and its transformation to fully mature chloroplast, which is subsequently transformed into gerontoplast exhibiting senescence syndrome. The book consists of five major chapters.
Vacuolar Compartments
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Author : David G. Robinson
language : en
Publisher: CRC PressI Llc
Release Date : 2000
Vacuolar Compartments written by David G. Robinson and has been published by CRC PressI Llc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Science categories.
Research into plant vacuoles has, over the last 5 years, been injected with new data which have already radically changed our concept of the vacuolar compartment in plant cells. In fact, we should no longer speak of the vacuole, but rather of vacuolar compartments. This is a revolutionary change in the way in which the plant cell has traditionally been presented in the biological literature. Vacuolar Compartments is a timely volume that provides a broad overview of our current understanding of the roles of vacuolar compartments in plant cells. Chapters focus on individual function of plant vacuoles and the tonoplast machinery that supports them. Additional chapters present up-to-date information on the identity of different vacuole types and the traffic of proteins to them. The book also provides a basis for comparing the plant system to vacuoles in other organisms. The present challenge is to understand how the separate organelles in the system are generated and maintained by the cell, and to explain at a biochemical level the functions of each vacuole type and the mechanisms by which they are achieved. Vacuolar Compartments is the first book to provide this perspective.
Mitochondria And Anaerobic Energy Metabolism In Eukaryotes
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Author : William F. Martin
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2020-12-07
Mitochondria And Anaerobic Energy Metabolism In Eukaryotes written by William F. Martin and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-07 with Science categories.
Mitochondria are sometimes called the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, because mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis in the cell. ATP is the universal energy currency, it provides the power that runs all other life processes. Humans need oxygen to survive because of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The sugars from our diet are converted to carbon dioxide in mitochondria in a process that requires oxygen. Just like a fire needs oxygen to burn, our mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP. From textbooks and popular literature one can easily get the impression that all mitochondria require oxygen. But that is not the case. There are many groups of organismsm known that make ATP in mitochondria without the help of oxygen. They have preserved biochemical relicts from the early evolution of eukaryotic cells, which took place during times in Earth history when there was hardly any oxygen avaiable, certainly not enough to breathe. How the anaerobic forms of mitochondria work, in which organisms they occur, and how the eukaryotic anaerobes that possess them fit into the larger picture of rising atmospheric oxygen during Earth history are the topic of this book.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Endosymbiotic Organelle Acquisition
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Author : Steven D. Schwartzbach
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Endosymbiotic Organelle Acquisition written by Steven D. Schwartzbach and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Origin Of Mitochondria And Hydrogenosomes
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Author : William F. Martin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-01-26
Origin Of Mitochondria And Hydrogenosomes written by William F. Martin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-26 with Science categories.
The evolutionary origins of hydrogenosomes have been the subject of considerable debate. This volume closes the gap between the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of organelles and their incorporation into evolutionary theory. It reveals that identifying the genetic contribution to eukaryotes of the mitochondrial endosymbiosis, and revealing the functions of its descendent organelles, are key to understanding eukaryotic biology and evolution.
Plant Mitochondria
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Author : Axel Brennicke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Plant Mitochondria written by Axel Brennicke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.