Secondary Findings In Genomic Research

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Secondary Findings In Genomic Research

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-02-29

Secondary Findings In Genomic Research written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-29 with Medical categories.

Secondary Findings in Genomic Research offers a single, highly accessible resource on interpreting, managing and disclosing secondary findings in genomic research. With chapters written by experts in the field, this book is the first to concisely explain the ethical and practical issues raised by secondary genomics findings for a multi and interdisciplinary audience of genomic researchers, translational scientists, clinicians, medical students, genetic counselors, ethicists, legal experts and law students, public policy specialists and regulators. Contributors from Europe, North America, and Asia effectively synthesize perspectives from a spectrum of different scientific, societal, and global contexts, and offer pragmatic approaches to a range of topics, including oversight, governance and policy surrounding secondary genomic results, criteria for identifying results for return, communication and consent, stakeholders’ attitudes and perspectives, disclosing results, and clinical, patient-centered protocols. Thoroughly addresses the scientific, ethical, practical and clinical issues raised by secondary findings resulting from genomic research, including active debate and challenges in the field Provides researchers, clinicians, regulators, and stakeholders with a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to interpreting, managing and disclosing secondary findings Brings together expert analysis from scholars across Europe, North America, and Asia representing a wide variety of scientific and societal contexts

Secondary Findings In Genomic Research

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-03-18

Secondary Findings In Genomic Research written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-18 with Medical categories.

Secondary Findings in Genomic Research offers a single, highly accessible resource on interpreting, managing and disclosing secondary findings in genomic research. With chapters written by experts in the field, this book is the first to concisely explain the ethical and practical issues raised by secondary genomics findings for a multi and interdisciplinary audience of genomic researchers, translational scientists, clinicians, medical students, genetic counselors, ethicists, legal experts and law students, public policy specialists and regulators. Contributors from Europe, North America, and Asia effectively synthesize perspectives from a spectrum of different scientific, societal, and global contexts, and offer pragmatic approaches to a range of topics, including oversight, governance and policy surrounding secondary genomic results, criteria for identifying results for return, communication and consent, stakeholders' attitudes and perspectives, disclosing results, and clinical, patient-centered protocols. Thoroughly addresses the scientific, ethical, practical and clinical issues raised by secondary findings resulting from genomic research, including active debate and challenges in the field Provides researchers, clinicians, regulators, and stakeholders with a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to interpreting, managing and disclosing secondary findings Brings together expert analysis from scholars across Europe, North America, and Asia representing a wide variety of scientific and societal contexts

Incidental Findings In Genomic Research

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Author : Ma'n H. Zawati
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Incidental Findings In Genomic Research written by Ma'n H. Zawati and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Human genomic research will influence the practice of medicine by further exploring the vast potential of large-scale biobanks and associated pharmacogenomics and clinical research initiatives. While population studies of normal genomic variation may assist in understanding heterogeneity and allow for targeted therapies, researchers may well discover incidental findings - discoveries that go beyond the aims of the intended study - especially when using whole genome sequencing technologies. Policies as well as literature have dealt with the issue of managing these findings in research in general, but a review of international norms governing genomic research will give us a more comprehensive look at the state of the legal and ethical guidance.

Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information For Health Care Decision Making

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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-08-19

Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information For Health Care Decision Making written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-19 with Medical categories.

Rapid advances in technology have lowered the cost of sequencing an individual's genome from the several billion dollars that it cost a decade ago to just a few thousand dollars today and have correspondingly greatly expanded the use of genomic information in medicine. Because of the lack of evidence available for assessing variants, evaluation bodies have made only a few recommendations for the use of genetic tests in health care. For example, organizations, such as the Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention working group, have sought to set standards for the kinds of evaluations needed to make population-level health decisions. However, due to insufficient evidence, it has been challenging to recommend the use of a genetic test. An additional challenge to using large-scale sequencing in the clinic is that it may uncover "secondary," or "incidental," findings - genetic variants that have been associated with a disease but that are not necessarily related to the conditions that led to the decision to use genomic testing. Furthermore, as more genetic variants are associated with diseases, new information becomes available about genomic tests performed previously, which raises issues about how and whether to return this information to physicians and patients and also about who is responsible for the information. To help develop a better understanding of how genomic information is used for healthcare decision making, the Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health of the Institute of Medicine held a workshop in Washington,DC in February 2014. Stakeholders, including clinicians, researchers, patients, and government officials, discussed the issues related to the use of genomic information in medical practice. Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information for Health Care Decision Making is the summary of that workshop. This report compares and contrasts evidence evaluation processes for different clinical indications and discusses key challenges in the evidence evaluation process.

Issues In Returning Individual Results From Genome Research Using Population Based Banked Specimens With A Focus On The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-09-08

Issues In Returning Individual Results From Genome Research Using Population Based Banked Specimens With A Focus On The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-08 with Social Science categories.

Population surveys traditionally collect information from respondents about their circumstances, behaviors, attitudes, and other characteristics. In recent years, many surveys have been collecting not only questionnaire answers, but also biologic specimens such as blood samples, saliva, and buccal swabs, from which a respondent's DNA can be ascertained along with other biomarkers (e.g., the level of a certain protein in the blood). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), sponsored by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), has been collecting and storing genetic specimens since 1991, and other surveys, such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) funded by the National Institute on Aging, have followed suit. In order to give their informed consent to participate in a survey, respondents need to know the disposition and use of their data. Will their data be used for one research project and then destroyed, or will they be archived for secondary use? Sponsors of repeated cross-sectional surveys, such as NHANES, and of longitudinal surveys that follow panels of individuals over time, such as HRS, generally want to retain data for a wide range of secondary uses, many of which are not explicitly foreseen at the time of data collection. They typically inform respondents that their data will be stored in a secure manner and may be provided to researchers with suitable protections against individual identification. The addition of biologic specimens to a survey adds complications for storing, protecting, and providing access to such data and measurements made from them. There are also questions of whether, when, and for which biologic measurements the results should be reported back to individual respondents. Recently, the cost of full genomic sequencing has plummeted, and research findings are beginning to accumulate that bear up under replication and that potentially have clinical implications for a respondent. For example, knowing that one possesses a certain gene or gene sequence might suggest that one should seek a certain kind of treatment or genetic counseling or inform one's blood relatives. Biomedical research studies, in which participants are asked to donate tissues for genetic studies and are usually told that they will not be contacted with any results, are increasingly confronting the issue of when and which DNA results to return to participants. Issues in Returning Individual Results from Genome Research Using Population-Based Banked Specimens, with a Focus on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is the summary of a workshop convened in February 2013 by the Committee on National Statistics in the Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education of the National Research Council. This report considers how population surveys, in particular NHANES, should implement the reporting of results from genomic research using stored specimens and address informed consent for future data collection as well as for the use of banked specimens covered by prior informed consent agreements. The report will be of interest to survey organizations that include or contemplate including the collection of biologic specimens in population surveys for storing for genetic research. The issues involved are important for advancing social, behavioral, and biomedical knowledge while appropriately respecting and protecting individual survey respondents.

Managing Incidental Findings And Research Results In Genomic Research Involving Biobanks And Archived Data Sets

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Author : Susan M. Wolf
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Managing Incidental Findings And Research Results In Genomic Research Involving Biobanks And Archived Data Sets written by Susan M. Wolf and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Biobanks and archived data sets collecting samples and data have become crucial engines of genetic and genomic research. Unresolved, however, is what responsibilities biobanks should shoulder to manage incidental findings and individual research results of potential health, reproductive, or personal importance to individual contributors (using “biobank” here to refer both to collections of samples and collections of data). This article reports recommendations from a 2-year project funded by the National Institutes of Health. We analyze the responsibilities involved in managing the return of incidental findings and individual research results in a biobank research system (primary research or collection sites, the biobank itself, and secondary research sites). We suggest that biobanks shoulder significant responsibility for seeing that the biobank research system addresses the return question explicitly. When reidentification of individual contributors is possible, the biobank should work to enable the biobank research system to discharge four core responsibilities to (1) clarify the criteria for evaluating findings and the roster of returnable findings, (2) analyze a particular finding in relation to this, (3) reidentify the individual contributor, and (4) recontact the contributor to offer the finding. We suggest that findings that are analytically valid, reveal an established and substantial risk of a serious health condition, and are clinically actionable should generally be offered to consenting contributors. This article specifies 10 concrete recommendations, addressing new biobanks as well as those already in existence.

Clinical Genome Sequencing

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Author : Aad Tibben
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-03-30

Clinical Genome Sequencing written by Aad Tibben and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-30 with Medical categories.

Clinical Genome Sequencing: Psychological Aspects thoroughly details key psychological factors to consider while implementing genome sequencing in clinical practice, taking into account the subtleties of genetic risk assessment, patient consent and best practices for sharing genomic findings. Chapter contributions from leading international researchers and practitioners cover topics ranging from the current state of genomic testing, to patient consent, patient responses to sequencing data, common uncertainties, direct-to-consumer genomics, the role of genome sequencing in precision medicine, genetic counseling and genome sequencing, genome sequencing in pediatrics, genome sequencing in prenatal testing, and ethical issues in genome sequencing. Applied clinical case studies support concept illustration, making this an invaluable, practical reference for this important and multifaceted topic area within genomic medicine. Features contributions from leading international researchers and practitioners versed in the psychosocial dimensions of genomic medicine implementation Presents clinical case studies that support concept illustration, making this an invaluable reference for students, researchers, and clinicians looking for practical guidance in this important and multifaceted topic area Details the current state of genomic testing, expectations of genome sequencing, patient consent, patient responses to sequencing data, uncertainties in genome sequencing, direct-to-consumer genome sequencing, and more

Returning Individual Research Results To Participants

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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2018-09-23

Returning Individual Research Results To Participants written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-23 with Medical categories.

When is it appropriate to return individual research results to participants? The immense interest in this question has been fostered by the growing movement toward greater transparency and participant engagement in the research enterprise. Yet, the risks of returning individual research resultsâ€"such as results with unknown validityâ€"and the associated burdens on the research enterprise are competing considerations. Returning Individual Research Results to Participants reviews the current evidence on the benefits, harms, and costs of returning individual research results, while also considering the ethical, social, operational, and regulatory aspects of the practice. This report includes 12 recommendations directed to various stakeholdersâ€"investigators, sponsors, research institutions, institutional review boards (IRBs), regulators, and participantsâ€"and are designed to help (1) support decision making regarding the return of results on a study-by-study basis, (2) promote high-quality individual research results, (3) foster participant understanding of individual research results, and (4) revise and harmonize current regulations.

Implementing And Evaluating Genomic Screening Programs In Health Care Systems

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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2018-05-16

Implementing And Evaluating Genomic Screening Programs In Health Care Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-16 with Medical categories.

Genomic applications are being integrated into a broad range of clinical and research activities at health care systems across the United States. This trend can be attributed to a variety of factors, including the declining cost of genome sequencing and the potential for improving health outcomes and cutting the costs of care. The goals of these genomics-based programs may be to identify individuals with clinically actionable variants as a way of preventing disease, providing diagnoses for patients with rare diseases, and advancing research on genetic contributions to health and disease. Of particular interest are genomics- based screening programs, which will, in this publication, be clinical screening programs that examine genes or variants in unselected populations in order to identify individuals who are at an increased risk for a particular health concern (e.g., diseases, adverse drug outcomes) and who might benefit from clinical interventions. On November 1, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating genomics-based screening programs into health care systems. This workshop was developed as a way to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating genomics-based programs in health care systems in the areas of evidence collection, sustainability, data sharing, infrastructure, and equity of access. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Research Involving Human Biological Materials

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Author : United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Research Involving Human Biological Materials written by United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bioethics categories.