Seismic Signals From Mining Operations And The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
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Seismic Signals From Mining Operations And The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1998-08-16
Seismic Signals From Mining Operations And The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-16 with Science categories.
Seismic Signals From Mining Operations And The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
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Author : National Research Council (États-Unis). Committee on Seismic Signals from Mining Activities
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Seismic Signals From Mining Operations And The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty written by National Research Council (États-Unis). Committee on Seismic Signals from Mining Activities and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Blasting categories.
Mine Seismicity And The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Mine Seismicity And The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Surface and underground mining operations generate seismic ground motions which are created by chemical explosions and ground failures. It may come as a surprise to some that the ground failures (coal bumps, first caves, pillar collapses, rockbursts, etc.) can send signals whose magnitudes are as strong or stronger than those from any mining blast. A verification system that includes seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic and radionuclide sensors is being completed as part of the CTBT. The largest mine blasts and ground failures will be detected by this system and must be identified as distinct from signals generated by small nuclear explosions. Seismologists will analyze the seismic records and presumably should be able to separate them into earthquake-like and non earthquake-like categories, using a variety of so-called seismic discriminants. Non-earthquake essentially means explosion- or implosion-like. Such signals can be generated not only by mine blasts but also by a variety of ground failures. Because it is known that single-fired chemical explosions and nuclear explosion signals of the same yield give very similar seismic records, the non-earthquake signals will be of concern to the Treaty verification community. The magnitude of the mine-related events is in the range of seismicity created by smaller nuclear explosions or decoupled tests, which are of particular concern under the Treaty. It is conceivable that legitimate mining blasts or some mine-induced ground failures could occasionally be questioned. Information such as shot time, location and design parameters may be all that is necessary to resolve the event identity. In rare instances where the legitimate origin of the event could not be resolved by a consultation and clarification procedure, it might trigger on On-Site Inspection (OSI). Because there is uncertainty in the precise location of seismic event as determined by the International Monitoring System (IMS), the OSI can cover an area of up to 1,000 squared kilometers. In active mining districts this area could include several different mining operations. So, an OSI could be disruptive both to the mining community and to the US Government which must host the foreign inspection team. Accordingly, it is in the best interest of all US parties to try and eliminate the possible occurrence of false alarms. This can be achieved primarily by reducing the ambiguity of mine-induced seismic signals, so that even if these remain visible to the IMS they are clearly consistent with recognizable mining patterns.
Practical Observations Of Us Mining Practices And Implications For Ctbt Monitoring
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Practical Observations Of Us Mining Practices And Implications For Ctbt Monitoring written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Man made and man induced seismic events associated with surface and underground mining operations produce seismic signals that might have to be identified when monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The importance of these sources to the monitoring process depend on the size of the seismic signal they generate and the degree of similarity these signals have to that expected from a contained nuclear explosion. Under the CTBT Research and Development Program sponsored by the DOE, an experimental task has been developed with the goal of identifying the seismological characteristics of sources associated with mining operations. The complete experimental program consists of four distinct components that include: (1) characterization of mining explosions in hard and soft rock; (2) quantification of decoupling effects; (3) investigation of source depth of burial effects; and (4) characterization of rockbursts and collapses. Items 1 and 4 in this list relate directly to signals generated by mining and compose the topic of this review. Currently, seven experiments are planned under this program with initial results from a number of these reported in other presentations at this meeting. This paper will focus on mining operations in one of the largest coal producing basins in the US, The Powder River Basin. This review is intended to illustrate the magnitude and complexity of mining operations that might produce seismic signals of large enough magnitude to be of interest to CTBT verification.
Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Seismic Event Discrimination And Identification
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Author : William R. Walter
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-04-18
Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Seismic Event Discrimination And Identification written by William R. Walter and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-18 with Science categories.
In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.
Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Surface Waves
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Author : Anatoli L. Levshin
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Surface Waves written by Anatoli L. Levshin and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Seismic methods play the lead role in monitoring the CTBT. This volume concentrates on the measurement and use of surface waves in monitoring the CTBT. Surface waves have three principal applications in CTBT monitoring: to help discriminate nuclear explosions from other sources of seismic energy, to provide mathematical characterizations of the seismic energy that emanates from seismic sources, and to be used as data in inversion for the seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle for locating small seismic events regionally. The papers in this volume fall into two general categories: the development and/or application of methods to summarize information in surface waves, and the use of these summaries to advance the art of surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. These papers cut across essentially all of the major applications of surface waves to monitoring the CTBT. This volume therefore provides a general introduction to the state of research in this area and should be useful as a guide for further exploration.
Monitoring A Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
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Author : Eystein S. Husebye
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Monitoring A Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty written by Eystein S. Husebye and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
An international treaty banning the testing of any nuclear device in any environment - a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) - has been on the political agenda for nearly 40 years. Objections to a CTBT have been political, technical, or a combination of both. However, the possibilities seem better after the end of the Cold War. In the prevailing, cooperative disarmament climate a CTBT appears likely to be approved by most countries in 1996. Hence the great current interest in monitoring technologies and capabilities. Such issues are comprehensively addressed here, a preamble being devoted to the political developments and setbacks over the past 40 years. Since seismic means are considered the dominant monitoring element, they are explored in detail. Contributions cover network deployments, advanced signal processing, wave propagation in heterogeneous media, and seismic source representations, and a variety of techniques for source classification (including neural networks). Complementary monitoring techniques, such as hydroacoustics, radionuclides and infrasound, are also summarised. The IAEA operation for monitoring compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is also presented. The book also includes eyewitness accounts of the Soviet 50 Mt megabomb development and test, as well as the efforts made by the state to monitor the nuclear test programmes of the western powers. Includes some 33 articles written by distinguished scientists active in CTBT monitoring research for decades.
Llnl S Partnership With Selected Us Mines For Ctbt Verification
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Llnl S Partnership With Selected Us Mines For Ctbt Verification written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
The verification of an upcoming Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) will involve seismic monitoring and will provide for on-site inspections which may include drilling. Because of the fact that mining operations can send out strong seismic signals, many mining districts in the US and abroad may come under special scrutiny. The seismic signals can be generated by the use of large quantities of conventional explosives, by the collapse of underground workings, or by sudden energy release in the ground such as in rock bursts and coal bumps. These mining activities may be the cause of false alarms, but may also offer opportunities for evasive nuclear testing. So in preparing for future verification of a CTBT it becomes important to address the mining-related questions. For the United States, these are questions to be answered with respect to foreign mines. But there is a good amount of commonality in mining methods worldwide. Studies conducted at US mine sites can provide good analogs of activities that may be carried out for overseas CTBT verification, save for the expected logistical impediments.
Seismic Signals From Underground Cavity Collapses And Other Mining Related Failures
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Seismic Signals From Underground Cavity Collapses And Other Mining Related Failures written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
The sudden collapse of man-made underground cavities have generated seismic signals as large as magnitude 5.4. Collapses are just one of the many types of mining associated seismicity including coalbumps and rockbursts which need to be identified and distinguished from potential clandestine nuclear explosions under the recently signed Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Collapses, coalbumps and rockbursts are of concern for seismically monitoring a CTBT for a number of reasons. First, they can look like explosions when using some seismic discriminant measures, such M{sub s}:m{sub b}, M{sub o}: m{sub b}, regional P/S ratios and depth. Second, underground nuclear explosions themselves produce cavities that might collapse, possibly aiding in the detection of a clandestine event. Finally, because all mine-related events occur in the vicinity of underground cavities, they may come under special scrutiny because of the concern that very large, specially constructed cavities could be used to evasively decouple a clandestine test. For these reasons mine-related seismicity in both active and former mining regions have the potential to be false alarms under a CTBT. We are investigating techniques to identify collapses, either directly via waveform modeling, or indirectly by combining several seismic discriminants. We are also investigating the source mechanisms of coalbumps and collapses to better understand the performance of seismic discriminants for these events. In particular we have found similarities in point source models of some longwall coalbumps, room- and-pillar mine collapses and NTS nuclear explosion cavity collapses. In order to understand coalbumps we are analyzing events from central Utah recorded at regional distances in Utah and Nevada including at the auxiliary station ELK. Some of these have anomalous, explosion- like high frequency P/S ratios. We are combining this new study with results from previous field work done in 1995 at a Colorado long-wall coal mining operation. Similarly to longwall coal mines in Utah and elsewhere, this Colorado mine completely excavates a 3m high coal seam in 250 m wide panels leaving the material above unsupported. The roof material above the excavated seam eventually collapses resulting in seismic events.
Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Processes And Explosion Yield Estimation
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Author : Goran Ekstrom
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-12-01
Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Processes And Explosion Yield Estimation written by Goran Ekstrom and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-12-01 with Science categories.
Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.