Self Consciousness And Split Brains

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Self Consciousness And Split Brains

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Author : Elizabeth Schechter
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018

Self Consciousness And Split Brains written by Elizabeth Schechter and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Body, Mind & Spirit categories.

Could a single human being ever have multiple conscious minds? Some human beings do. The corpus callosum is a large pathway connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. In the second half of the twentieth century a number of people had this pathway cut through as a treatment for epilepsy. They became colloquially known as split-brain subjects. After the two hemispheres of the brain are cortically separated in this way, they begin to operate unusually independently of each other in the realm of thought, action, and conscious experience, almost as if each hemisphere now had a mind of its own. Philosophical discussion of the split-brain cases has overwhelmingly focused on questions of psychological identity in split-brain subjects, questions like: How many subjects of experience is a split-brain subject? How many intentional agents? How many persons? On the one hand, under experimental conditions, split-brain subjects often act in ways difficult to understand except in terms of each of them having two distinct streams or centers of consciousness. Split-brain subjects thus evoke the duality intuition: that a single split-brain human being is somehow composed of two thinking, experiencing, and acting things. On the other hand, a split-brain subject nonetheless seems like one of us, at the end of the day, rather than like two people sharing one body. In other words, split-brain subjects also evoke the unity intuition: that a split-brain subject is one person. Elizabeth Schechter argues that there are in fact two minds, subjects of experience, and intentional agents inside each split-brain human being: right and left. On the other hand, each split-brain subject is nonetheless one of us. The key to reconciling these two claims is to understand the ways in which each of us is transformed by self-consciousness.

Self Consciousness And Split Brains

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Author : Elizabeth Schechter
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-05-23

Self Consciousness And Split Brains written by Elizabeth Schechter and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-23 with Philosophy categories.

Could a single human being ever have multiple conscious minds? Some human beings do. The corpus callosum is a large pathway connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. In the second half of the twentieth century a number of people had this pathway cut through as a treatment for epilepsy. They became colloquially known as split-brain subjects. After the two hemispheres of the brain are cortically separated in this way, they begin to operate unusually independently of each other in the realm of thought, action, and conscious experience, almost as if each hemisphere now had a mind of its own. Philosophical discussion of the split-brain cases has overwhelmingly focused on questions of psychological identity in split-brain subjects, questions like: how many subjects of experience is a split-brain subject? How many intentional agents? How many persons? On the one hand, under experimental conditions, split-brain subjects often act in ways difficult to understand except in terms of each of them having two distinct streams or centers of consciousness. Split-brain subjects thus evoke the duality intuition: that a single split-brain human being is somehow composed of two thinking, experiencing, and acting things. On the other hand, a split-brain subject nonetheless seems like one of us, at the end of the day, rather than like two people sharing one body. In other words, split-brain subjects also evoke the unity intuition: that a split-brain subject is one person. Elizabeth Schechter argues that there are in fact two minds, subjects of experience, and intentional agents inside each split-brain human being: right and left. On the other hand, each split-brain subject is nonetheless one of us. The key to reconciling these two claims is to understand the ways in which each of us is transformed by self-consciousness.

The Master And His Emissary

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Author : Iain McGilchrist
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2019-03-26

The Master And His Emissary written by Iain McGilchrist and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-26 with Psychology categories.

A new edition of the bestselling classic – published with a special introduction to mark its 10th anniversary This pioneering account sets out to understand the structure of the human brain – the place where mind meets matter. Until recently, the left hemisphere of our brain has been seen as the ‘rational’ side, the superior partner to the right. But is this distinction true? Drawing on a vast body of experimental research, Iain McGilchrist argues while our left brain makes for a wonderful servant, it is a very poor master. As he shows, it is the right side which is the more reliable and insightful. Without it, our world would be mechanistic – stripped of depth, colour and value.

The Two Selves

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Author : Stanley B. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-10-23

The Two Selves written by Stanley B. Klein and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-23 with Psychology categories.

The Two Selves takes the position that the self is not a "thing" easily reduced to an object of scientific analysis. Rather, the self consists in a multiplicity of aspects, some of which have a neuro-cognitive basis (and thus are amenable to scientific inquiry) while other aspects are best construed as first-person subjectivity, lacking material instantiation. As a consequence of its potential immateriality, the subjective aspect of self cannot be taken as an object and therefore is not easily amenable to treatment by current scientific methods. Klein argues that to fully appreciate the self, its two aspects must be acknowledged, since it is only in virtue of their interaction that the self of everyday experience becomes a phenomenological reality. However, given their different metaphysical commitments (i.e., material and immaterial aspects of reality), a number of issues must be addressed. These include, but are not limited to, the possibility of interaction between metaphysically distinct aspects of reality, questions of causal closure under the physical, and the principle of energy conservation. After addressing these concerns, Klein presents evidence based on self-reports from case studies of individuals who suffer from a chronic or temporary loss of their sense of personal ownership of their mental states. Drawing on this evidence, he argues that personal ownership may be the factor that closes the metaphysical gap between the material and immaterial selves, linking these two disparate aspects of reality, thereby enabling us to experience a unified sense of self despite its underlying multiplicity.

Who S In Charge

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Author : Michael Gazzaniga
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2012-04-19

Who S In Charge written by Michael Gazzaniga and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-19 with Psychology categories.

The prevailing orthodoxy in brain science is that since physical laws govern our physical brains, physical laws therefore govern our behaviour and even our conscious selves. Free will is meaningless, goes the mantra; we live in a 'determined' world. Not so, argues the renowned neuroscientist Michael S. Gazzaniga as he explains how the mind, 'constrains' the brain just as cars are constrained by the traffic they create. Writing with what Steven Pinker has called 'his trademark wit and lack of pretension,' Gazzaniga ranges across neuroscience, psychology and ethics to show how incorrect it is to blame our brains for our behaviour. Even given the latest insights into the physical mechanisms of the mind, he explains, we are responsible agents who should be held accountable for our actions, because responsibility is found in how people interact, not in brains. An extraordinary book, combining a light touch with profound implications, Who's in Charge? is a lasting contribution from one of the leading thinkers of our time.

Why Everyone Else Is A Hypocrite

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Author : Robert Kurzban
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2012-05-27

Why Everyone Else Is A Hypocrite written by Robert Kurzban and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-27 with Psychology categories.

The evolutionary psychology behind human inconsistency We're all hypocrites. Why? Hypocrisy is the natural state of the human mind. Robert Kurzban shows us that the key to understanding our behavioral inconsistencies lies in understanding the mind's design. The human mind consists of many specialized units designed by the process of evolution by natural selection. While these modules sometimes work together seamlessly, they don't always, resulting in impossibly contradictory beliefs, vacillations between patience and impulsiveness, violations of our supposed moral principles, and overinflated views of ourselves. This modular, evolutionary psychological view of the mind undermines deeply held intuitions about ourselves, as well as a range of scientific theories that require a "self" with consistent beliefs and preferences. Modularity suggests that there is no "I." Instead, each of us is a contentious "we"--a collection of discrete but interacting systems whose constant conflicts shape our interactions with one another and our experience of the world. In clear language, full of wit and rich in examples, Kurzban explains the roots and implications of our inconsistent minds, and why it is perfectly natural to believe that everyone else is a hypocrite.

The Consciousness Instinct

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Author : Michael S. Gazzaniga
language : en
Publisher: Macmillan + ORM
Release Date : 2018-04-03

The Consciousness Instinct written by Michael S. Gazzaniga and has been published by Macmillan + ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-03 with Science categories.

“The Consciousness Instinct could be the clearest and most compelling attempt to demystify the mind yet written.” —Julian Baggini, The Wall Street Journal How do neurons turn into minds? How does physical “stuff”—atoms, molecules, chemicals, and cells—create the vivid and various worlds inside our heads? The problem of consciousness has gnawed at us for millennia. In the last century there have been massive breakthroughs that have rewritten the science of the brain, and yet the puzzles faced by the ancient Greeks are still present. In The Consciousness Instinct, the neuroscience pioneer Michael S. Gazzaniga puts the latest research in conversation with the history of human thinking about the mind, giving a big-picture view of what science has revealed about consciousness. The idea of the brain as a machine, first proposed centuries ago, has led to assumptions about the relationship between mind and brain that dog scientists and philosophers to this day. Gazzaniga asserts that this model has it backward—brains make machines, but they cannot be reduced to one. New research suggests the brain is actually a confederation of independent modules working together. Understanding how consciousness could emanate from such an organization will help define the future of brain science and artificial intelligence, and close the gap between brain and mind. Captivating and accessible, The Consciousness Instinct sets the course for the neuroscience of tomorrow. “A rare opportunity to watch a scientific champion grapple with perhaps our most formidable mystery.” —Eliezer J. Sternberg, The Washington Post “Fascinating.” —Kirkus Reviews, starred review “One of the great pleasures of this book is watching Gazzaniga’s own brain at work.” —Alan Alda

Memory Consciousness And The Brain

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Author : Endel Tulving
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-05-13

Memory Consciousness And The Brain written by Endel Tulving and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Psychology categories.

Memory and consciousness have been objects of fascination to psychologists and other brain scientists for over one hundred years. Because of the complexity of the two topics, however, and despite great efforts spent on their study, the progress in their understanding over most of this time has been rather slow. Recently, thanks to new techniques and to changing pre-theoretical orientations, the study of the role of the brain in memory and consciousness has received an immense boost, and has become a central focus of research activity by thousands of researchers worldwide. The volume reviews recent progress on our understanding of memory, consciousness and the brain and identifies a number of acute outstanding problems. The purpose of the volume, based on a conference in Tallinn, is to look to the future, and not simply to share knowledge from ongoing research. In this sense, the volume does not contain a comprehensive overview of the field, but rather showcases a selection of exciting ideas in cognitive neuroscience. Contributors include some of the world's best-known cognitive brain scientists who have greatly contributed to our understanding of memory as a relation between the brain and the mind, as well as a number of highly promising younger researchers in the field. Memory, Consciousness and the Brain will be essential reading for anyone interested in the latest cutting-edge thinking at the interface of these topics, and in the future directions in which it may take us.

The Laws Of Human Nature

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Author : Robert Greene
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2018-10-23

The Laws Of Human Nature written by Robert Greene and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-23 with Self-Help categories.

From the #1 New York Times-bestselling author of The 48 Laws of Power comes the definitive new book on decoding the behavior of the people around you Robert Greene is a master guide for millions of readers, distilling ancient wisdom and philosophy into essential texts for seekers of power, understanding and mastery. Now he turns to the most important subject of all - understanding people's drives and motivations, even when they are unconscious of them themselves. We are social animals. Our very lives depend on our relationships with people. Knowing why people do what they do is the most important tool we can possess, without which our other talents can only take us so far. Drawing from the ideas and examples of Pericles, Queen Elizabeth I, Martin Luther King Jr, and many others, Greene teaches us how to detach ourselves from our own emotions and master self-control, how to develop the empathy that leads to insight, how to look behind people's masks, and how to resist conformity to develop your singular sense of purpose. Whether at work, in relationships, or in shaping the world around you, The Laws of Human Nature offers brilliant tactics for success, self-improvement, and self-defense.