Selfishness Altruism And Rationality
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Selfishness Altruism And Rationality
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Author : Howard Margolis
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1984-10-15
Selfishness Altruism And Rationality written by Howard Margolis and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984-10-15 with Social Science categories.
Why do we volunteer time? Why do we contribute money? Why, even, do we vote, if the effect of a single vote is negligible? Rationality-based microeconomic models are hard-pressed to explain such social behavior, but Howard Margolis proposes a solution. He suggests that within each person there are two selves, one selfish and the other group-oriented, and that the individual follows a Darwinian rule for allocating resources between those two selves. "Howard Margolis's intriguing ideas . . . provide an alternative to the crude models of rational choice that have dominated economics and political science for too long."—Times Literary Supplement
Selfishness Altruism And Rationality
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Author : Howard Margolis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Selfishness Altruism And Rationality written by Howard Margolis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Social Science categories.
Selfishness Altruism Rationality
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Author : Howard Margolis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Selfishness Altruism Rationality written by Howard Margolis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Altruism categories.
In Defense Of Selfishness
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Author : Peter Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: St. Martin's Press
Release Date : 2015-06-02
In Defense Of Selfishness written by Peter Schwartz and has been published by St. Martin's Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-02 with Political Science categories.
From childhood, we're taught one central, non-controversial idea about morality: self-sacrifice is a virtue. It is universally accepted that serving the needs of others, rather than our own, is the essence of morality. To be ethical—it is believed—is to be altruistic. Questioning this belief is regarded as tantamount to questioning the self-evident. Here, Peter Schwartz questions it. In Defense of Selfishness refutes widespread misconceptions about the meaning of selfishness and of altruism. Basing his arguments on Ayn Rand's ethics of rational self-interest, Schwartz demonstrates that genuine selfishness is not exemplified by the brutal plundering of an Attila the Hun or the conniving duplicity of a Bernard Madoff. To the contrary, such people are acting against their actual, long-range interests. The truly selfish individual is committed to moral principles and lives an honest, productive, self-respecting life. He does not feed parasitically off other people. Instead, he renounces the unearned, and deals with others—in both the material and spiritual realms—by offering value for value, to mutual benefit. The selfish individual, Schwartz maintains, lives by reason, not force. He lives by production and trade, not by theft and fraud. He disavows the mindlessness of the do-whatever-you-feel-like emotionalist, and upholds rationality as his primary virtue. He takes pride in his achievements, and does not sacrifice himself to others—nor does he sacrifice others to himself. According to the code of altruism, however, you must embrace self-sacrifice. You must subordinate yourself to others. Altruism calls, not for cooperation and benevolence, but for servitude. It demands that you surrender your interests to the needs of others, that you regard serving others as the moral justification of your existence, that you be willing to suffer so that a non-you might benefit. To this, Schwartz asks simply: Why? Why should the fact that you have achieved any success make you indebted to those who haven't? Why does the fact that someone needs your money create a moral entitlement to it, while the fact that you've earned it, doesn't? Using vivid, real-life examples, In Defense of Selfishness illustrates the iniquity of requiring one man to serve the needs of another. This provocative book challenges readers to re-examine the standard by which they decide what is morally right or wrong.
The Virtue Of Selfishness
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Author : Ayn Rand
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 1964-11-01
The Virtue Of Selfishness written by Ayn Rand and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964-11-01 with Philosophy categories.
A collection of essays that sets forth the moral principles of Objectivism, Ayn Rand's controversial, groundbreaking philosophy. Since their initial publication, Rand's fictional works—Anthem, The Fountainhead, and Atlas Shrugged—have had a major impact on the intellectual scene. The underlying theme of her famous novels is her philosophy, a new morality—the ethics of rational self-interest—that offers a robust challenge to altruist-collectivist thought. Known as Objectivism, her divisive philosophy holds human life—the life proper to a rational being—as the standard of moral values and regards altruism as incompatible with man's nature. In this series of essays, Rand asks why man needs morality in the first place, and arrives at an answer that redefines a new code of ethics based on the virtue of selfishness. More Than 1 Million Copies Sold!
The Virtue Of Selfishness
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Author : Ayn Rand
language : en
Publisher: Signet Book
Release Date : 1964
The Virtue Of Selfishness written by Ayn Rand and has been published by Signet Book this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Philosophy categories.
Sets forth the moral principles of objectivism, the philosophy that holds men's life as the standard of moral values and regards altruism as incompatible with man's nature and a free society.
The Economics Of Altruism
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Author : Stefano Zamagni
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 1995
The Economics Of Altruism written by Stefano Zamagni and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume contains 34 articles on the economics of altruism published after 1975. The articles are grouped under 6 headings: the emergence of altruistic behaviour, varieties of altruism, the relevance of altruism and selfishness, altruism and allocation of resources, evolutionary dynamics of altruism, extended rationality and altruistic behaviour. It should be welcomed by all those with an interest in economics, philosophy, psychology and sociology.
The Virtue Of Selfishness
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Author : Ayn Rand
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
The Virtue Of Selfishness written by Ayn Rand and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with categories.
Altruism
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Author : Niall Scott
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Release Date : 2007-11-16
Altruism written by Niall Scott and has been published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-16 with Social Science categories.
"A discussion of altruism, drawing on different disiplinary perspectives, could hardly be more timely, and this book is a thoughtful and insightful contribution to the debate." Ruth Chadwick - Distinguished Research Professor and Director, Cardiff University What motivates us to be altruistic? How did an altruistic trait evolve in humans, given that evolutionary theory assumes we are self-interested? What sorts of people are altruistic and in what circumstances? Is the welfare state a channel for altruism or does it crowd out people’s altruistic motivations? This accessible book is the first introduction to the idea of altruism. It explores how we have come to be altruistic, and considers why it is important to remain altruistic, not just for the sake of others, but in order maintain the fragile fabric of human society. The book surveys the history of the concept of altruism and examines it from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, including moral philosophy, evolutionary biology, psychology, economics and political science. It then attempts to bring together the distinct issues and concerns of these disciplines to arrive at a unified understanding of altruism. The rational self-interested individual of economics is compared with the altruist who exhibits the virtues of empathy, compassion and benevolence. The book also discusses heroic altruism, such as that displayed by rescuers of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe, and psychological experiments which seek to identify the altruistic trait. Scott and Seglow argue that altruism is easily extinguished and hard to nourish, but vital for a fundamentally human future. Academics and students in social sciences and philosophy will find Altruism of great interest. So too will professionals in the voluntary and charitable sectors and journalists involved in communicating social scientific and philosophical ideas to the public.
Unto Others
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Author : Elliott Sober
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1999-10-01
Unto Others written by Elliott Sober and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-01 with Science categories.
No matter what we do, however kind or generous our deeds may seem, a hidden motive of selfishness lurks--or so science has claimed for years. This book, whose publication promises to be a major scientific event, tells us differently. In Unto Others philosopher Elliott Sober and biologist David Sloan Wilson demonstrate once and for all that unselfish behavior is in fact an important feature of both biological and human nature. Their book provides a panoramic view of altruism throughout the animal kingdom--from self-sacrificing parasites to insects that subsume themselves in the superorganism of a colony to the human capacity for selflessness--even as it explains the evolutionary sense of such behavior. Explaining how altruistic behavior can evolve by natural selection, this book finally gives credence to the idea of group selection that was originally proposed by Darwin but denounced as heretical in the 1960s. With their account of this controversy, Sober and Wilson offer a detailed case study of scientific change as well as an indisputable argument for group selection as a legitimate theory in evolutionary biology. Unto Others also takes a novel evolutionary approach in explaining the ultimate psychological motives behind unselfish human behavior. Developing a theory of the proximate mechanisms that most likely evolved to motivate adaptive helping behavior, Sober and Wilson show how people and perhaps other species evolved the capacity to care for others as a goal in itself. A truly interdisciplinary work that blends biology, philosophy, psychology, and anthropology, this book will permanently change not just our view of selfless behavior but also our understanding of many issues in evolutionary biology and the social sciences.