Selling The True Time
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Selling The True Time
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Author : Ian R. Bartky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Selling The True Time written by Ian R. Bartky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with HISTORY categories.
This book studies the transition from local to national timekeeping, a process that led to Standard Time--the world-wide system of timekeeping by which we all live. Prior to the railroads' adoption of Standard Railway Time in 1883, timekeeping was entirely a local matter, and America lacked any uniform system to coordinate times and public activities. For example, in the middle of the nineteenth century, Boston had three authoritative times, which differed by seconds and minutes. The story begins in the 1830s with the building of the first railroads. Since railway safety depended upon maintaining the temporal separation of trains through precise timing, railroads were the first to establish time standards to govern their operations. The railroads' switch to five time standards indexed to the Greenwich meridian inaugurated the modern era of public timekeeping and led directly to cities adopting Greenwich-indexed civil time zones. Central to the story are those college and university astronomers who, starting in the 1850s, sold time signals to nearby cities and railroads. From the start, they competed with other entrepreneurs trying to make money by selling time. Decades of negotiations, government lobbying, and battles over customers followed, all in the name of "public service." Improvements by a host of clockmakers, civil and electrical engineers, telegraph and railway technicians, and instrument makers finally changed the market for accurate time. Public timekeeping became the realm of business investors. Despite the efforts of astronomers and various of their Congressional supporters, who argued for the necessity of a national system of time authorized by the federal government, the railroads' success with their own system blocked legislation for a national system of time until the First World War. By then, a single source for correct time dominated the public's timekeeping: the U.S. Naval Observatory's noon signal. In this first comprehensive, scholarly history of timekeeping in America, the author has drawn upon a rich, untapped archival record, municipal and legislative documents, newspapers, and science and engineering journals to challenge several myths that have grown up around the subject.
Selling The True Time
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Author : Ian R. Bartky
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2000
Selling The True Time written by Ian R. Bartky and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Science categories.
This first comprehensive, scholarly history of timekeeping in America studies the transition from local to national timekeeping, a process that led to Standard Time—the worldwide system of timekeeping by which we all live. The book describes the contributions of the railroad industry, university astronomers, clockmakers, and civil and electrical engineers.
A Time For Every Purpose
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Author : Todd D Rakoff
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
A Time For Every Purpose written by Todd D Rakoff and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Law categories.
Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. The Fourth of July is more like the third. Although time is a feature of the natural world, it is at the same time not natural, but given its meaning by human action and, in our contemporary world, primarily through the law. Rakoff argues that legal regulation of the law has become weaker, with unfortunate results for both individuals and families.
Marking Modern Times
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Author : Alexis McCrossen
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2013-05
Marking Modern Times written by Alexis McCrossen and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05 with History categories.
In Marking Modern Times, Alexis McCrossen relates how the American preoccupation with time led people from across social classes to acquire watches and clocks, and expands our understanding of the ways we have standardized time and have made timekeepers serve as political, social, and cultural tools in a society that not merely values time, but regards access to it as a natural-born right.
The Train And The Telegraph
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Author : Benjamin Sidney Michael Schwantes
language : en
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Release Date : 2019-08-06
The Train And The Telegraph written by Benjamin Sidney Michael Schwantes and has been published by Johns Hopkins University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-06 with Science categories.
Complicating the existing scholarship by demonstrating that the railroad and telegraph in the United States were uneasy partners at best—and more often outright antagonists—throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, The Train and the Telegraph will appeal to scholars of communication, transportation, and American business history and political economy, as well as to enthusiasts of the nineteenth-century American railroad industry.
About Time
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Author : Adam Frank
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2012-03-01
About Time written by Adam Frank and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-01 with Science categories.
From Stonehenge to beyond the Big Bang, an exhilarating scientific exploration of how we make time From a Palaeolithic farmer living by the sun and stone plinths to the factory worker logging into an industrial punch clock to the modern manager enslaved to Outlook's 15-minute increments, our relationship with time has constantly evolved alongside our scientific understanding of the universe. And the latest advances in physics - string-theory branes, multiverses, "clockless" physics - are positioned to completely rewrite time in the coming years. Weaving cosmology with day-to-day chronicles and a lively wit, astrophysicist Adam Frank tells the dazzling story of humanity's invention of time and how we will experience it in the future.
Sky And Ocean Joined
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Author : Steven J. Dick
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003
Sky And Ocean Joined written by Steven J. Dick and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with History categories.
As one of the oldest scientific institutions in the United States, the US Naval Observatory has a rich and colourful history. This volume is, first and foremost, a story of the relations between space, time and navigation, from the rise of the chronometer in the United States to the Global Positioning System of satellites, for which the Naval Observatory provides the time to a billionth of a second per day. It is a story of the history of technology, in the form of telescopes, lenses, detectors, calculators, clocks and computers over 170 years. It describes how one scientific institution under government and military patronage has contributed, through all the vagaries of history, to almost two centuries of unparalleled progress in astronomy. Sky and Ocean Joined will appeal to historians of science, technology, scientific institutions and American science, as well as astronomers, meteorologists and physicists.
Zero Degrees
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Author : Charles W. J. Withers
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-13
Zero Degrees written by Charles W. J. Withers and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-13 with Science categories.
Charles Withers explains how the choice of Greenwich to mark 0° longitude solved problems of global measurement that had engaged geographers, astronomers, and mariners since ancient times. This history is a testament to the power of maps, the challenges of global measurement, and the role of scientific authority in creating the modern world.
The Transformation Of The World
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Author : Jürgen Osterhammel
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2015-09-15
The Transformation Of The World written by Jürgen Osterhammel and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-15 with Business & Economics categories.
A panoramic global history of the nineteenth century A monumental history of the nineteenth century, The Transformation of the World offers a panoramic and multifaceted portrait of a world in transition. Jürgen Osterhammel, an eminent scholar who has been called the Braudel of the nineteenth century, moves beyond conventional Eurocentric and chronological accounts of the era, presenting instead a truly global history of breathtaking scope and towering erudition. He examines the powerful and complex forces that drove global change during the "long nineteenth century," taking readers from New York to New Delhi, from the Latin American revolutions to the Taiping Rebellion, from the perils and promise of Europe's transatlantic labor markets to the hardships endured by nomadic, tribal peoples across the planet. Osterhammel describes a world increasingly networked by the telegraph, the steamship, and the railways. He explores the changing relationship between human beings and nature, looks at the importance of cities, explains the role slavery and its abolition played in the emergence of new nations, challenges the widely held belief that the nineteenth century witnessed the triumph of the nation-state, and much more. This is the highly anticipated English edition of the spectacularly successful and critically acclaimed German book, which is also being translated into Chinese, Polish, Russian, and French. Indispensable for any historian, The Transformation of the World sheds important new light on this momentous epoch, showing how the nineteenth century paved the way for the global catastrophes of the twentieth century, yet how it also gave rise to pacifism, liberalism, the trade union, and a host of other crucial developments.
Prologue
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Prologue written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Archives categories.