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Selling To A Cartel Of Retailers

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Selling To A Cartel Of Retailers

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Author : Nicolas Sahuguet
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Selling To A Cartel Of Retailers written by Nicolas Sahuguet and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Cartels categories.

This model describes the working of hub-and-spoke collusion that has been discussed recently by competition policy authorities. We develop a model of tacit collusion between a manufacturer and two retailers, competing a la Rotemberg and Saloner (1986). The best collusive equilibrium between retailers is inefficient and it is in the interest of the supplier to help retailers reach a more efficient collusive equilibrium. The hub and spoke conspiracy reduces double marginalization, but raises the ability of retailers to collude. The impact of a hub-and-spoke cartel on consumer's welfare depends on the bargaining power in the relationship. If the supplier has the bargaining power, the agreement, comparable to a vertical restraint, can be welfare improving in reducing double marginalization. When retailers have the bargaining power, the agreement is closer to an horizontal agreement in which retailers use the supplier to improve their collusive scheme, which leads to a loss of welfare. The result has important implications for competition policy and antitrust enforcement which are further developed in our companion paper Sahuguet and Walckiers (2013).

Cartel Formation Through Strategic Information Leakage In A Distribution Channel

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Author : Noam Shamir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Cartel Formation Through Strategic Information Leakage In A Distribution Channel written by Noam Shamir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

This paper studies the ability of competing retailers to form a cartel by sharing information with their mutual manufacturer. In a market characterized by demand uncertainty, colluding retailers desire to share information about the potential market demand in order to coordinate on the optimal collusive retail price. However, since direct information-sharing between competing ጿirms is considered to be a possible signal for collusion, according to the antitrust laws, the retailers search for a mechanism to exchange information in a manner that would not raise the suspicions of the antitrust authorities. This paper examines such a mechanism: each retailer shares his private information with the mutual manufacturer and uses the wholesale price to infer the market condition and coordinate on the cartel price. Although a cartel at the retail level limits the manufacturerņ's sold quantity, under certain conditions, the manufacturer is better-off accepting the retailers' ņprivate information, thereby facilitating the cartel formation. Moreover, a situation in which the retailers cannot collude by sharing information horizontally and they collude by sharing information with the manufacturer can result in a lower consumer surplus.

Hub And Spoke Cartels

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Author : Luke Garrod
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-11-16

Hub And Spoke Cartels written by Luke Garrod and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-16 with Business & Economics categories.

The first comprehensive economic and legal analysis of hub-and-spoke cartels, with detailed case studies. A cartel forms when competitors conspire to limit competition through coordinated actions. Most cartels are composed exclusively of firms that would otherwise be in competition, but in a hub-and-spoke cartel, those competitors (“spokes”) conspire with the assistance of an upstream supplier or a downstream buyer (“hub”). This book provides the first comprehensive economic and legal analysis of hub-and-spoke cartels, explaining their formation and how they operate to create and sustain a collusive environment. Sixteen detailed case studies, including cases brought against toy manufacturer Hasbro and the Apple ebook case, illustrate the economic framework and legal strategies discussed. The authors identify three types of hub-and-spoke cartels: when an upstream firm facilitates downstream firms to coordinate on higher prices; when a downstream intermediary facilitates upstream suppliers to coordinate on higher prices; and when a downstream firm facilitates upstream suppliers to exclude a downstream rival. They devote a chapter to each type, discussing the formation, coordination, enforcement, efficacy, and prosecution of these cartels, and consider general lessons that can be drawn from the case studies. Finally, they present strategies for prosecuting hub-and-spoke collusion. The book is written to be accessible to both economists and lawyers, and is intended for both scholars and practitioners.

Hub And Spoke Cartels

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Author : Luke Garrod
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-11-16

Retail Bound

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Author : Yohan Jacob
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2024-03-20

Retail Bound written by Yohan Jacob and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-20 with Business & Economics categories.

Thinking about selling your product to retailers? Learn the ins and outs of retail and get your product on your favorite retailer's shelves. This no-nonsense guide walks you through the process of selling to and working with retailers of all shapes and sizes. Written by Yohan Jacob, a retail consultant, who has been on BOTH SIDES of the retail buyers' desk. In the 16+ years since this book was originally published, e-commerce has become a monstrous force in how people buy products, and Mr. Jacob has updated this edition to reflect that fundamental change. But that's not the only change. Mr. Jacob also included new content around Product Development and Logistics, two essential components of the retail process. Much like your own products, this book has been a constant work in progress over time, and Mr. Jacob always seeking to perfect it.

Retail Bound

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Author : Yohan Jacob
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008-10

Retail Bound written by Yohan Jacob and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10 with Business & Economics categories.

Learn the ins and outs of retail and get your product on your favorite retailer's shelves. Thinking about selling your product to retailers? This no-nonsense guide walks you through the process of selling to and working with retailers-from designing, pricing, and presenting your products to getting repeat orders. Discover: The key questions that retail buyers will ask you How the four P's in marketing relate to retail and affect your bottom line How not to under-price your products Five ways to get a retail buyer's attention How to help retailers market your product Retail Bound: Learn How to Sell Your Products to Retailers helps entrepreneurs, inventors and small manufacturers learn how to get noticed by retail buyers big and small. Yohan Jacob has worked as both a sales rep and a merchandise buyer for retail, online, and catalog companies and has helped many prospective vendors break into the retail world."

Competition Law

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Author : Rosa Greaves
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-30

Competition Law written by Rosa Greaves and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-30 with Law categories.

This book was published in 2003. Competition/anti-trust law, as a separate body of law, is very much a creation of the 20th century and grew only in maturity in the latter half of that century. As developments in US anti-trust law have had, and continue to have, an important influence on the development of competition law in Europe and worldwide, articles have been selected for this collection from both sides of the Atlantic. The volume focuses on the following aspects: the objectives and nature of competition law, the scope of competition law, selected legal concepts and challenges in competition law, and the global application of competition law.

Committee Prints

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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964

Committee Prints written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with categories.

Damage Mitigation From Store Brands

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Author : Roman Inderst
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Damage Mitigation From Store Brands written by Roman Inderst and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

As manufacturers often sell their products through retailers, many manufacturer cartels directly affect retailers, who are, at least in Europe, also increasingly claiming damages. This paper points to an, to our knowledge, hitherto unexplored aspect in such cases. As store brands (or private labels) are not only common in many product categories but are often procured competitively from different sources or even through vertical integration, they may be not or much less directly affected by the cartel induced overcharge. The first part of this article provides the economic foundations for how we should expect retailers to optimally adjust their store brand prices when facing higher wholesale prices on national brands. While retailers should pass on at least some of the overcharge for national brands, resulting in a price increase for national brands, theoretically their optimal response with respect to store brands is ambiguous, as there are two potentially opposing effect, a “demand diversion effect” and a “margin effect”. Consumers could thus face either lower or higher store brand prices when there is a cartel of brand manufacturers. In any case, however, the optimal reaction of retailers allows them to mitigate the immediate damage inflicted by the overcharge on national brands, which raises the question to what extent such mitigation should be accounted for in follow-on cases. We illustrate our arguments with an empirical analysis of the German coffee cartel.

Antitrust Developments In The European Common Market

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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964

Antitrust Developments In The European Common Market written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Antitrust law categories.

Selling To A Cartel Of Retailers

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