Semantic Structures Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Semantic Structures Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : David L. Waltz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-03
Semantic Structures Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by David L. Waltz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Natural language understanding is central to the goals of artificial intelligence. Any truly intelligent machine must be capable of carrying on a conversation: dialogue, particularly clarification dialogue, is essential if we are to avoid disasters caused by the misunderstanding of the intelligent interactive systems of the future. This book is an interim report on the grand enterprise of devising a machine that can use natural language as fluently as a human. What has really been achieved since this goal was first formulated in Turing’s famous test? What obstacles still need to be overcome?
The Semantics Of Determiners Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : Johan Van Der Auwera
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-01-21
The Semantics Of Determiners Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by Johan Van Der Auwera and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-21 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book is a collection of linguistic and philosophical papers dealing with the semantic problems of determiners. The language under investigation is mostly English, although a few papers deal with French and German, and, to a lesser extent, with Dutch, Polish, Russian and Hebrew. The majority of the contributions focus on the semantics of the definite and indefinite articles, leading into discussions of anaphoricness, specificness, opacity and transparency, referentiality and attributiveness and genericness. The relation of the determiners to other parts of grammar, in particular relativisation and predication, is also investigated. Some attention is also given to quantifiers. In the spirit of pluralism, there is no single paradigm unifying all the papers, rather, the volume reflects elements of the Extended Standard Theory, Generative Semantics, Montague Grammar, (Gricean) Pragmatics and Speech Act Theory.
Meanings And Prototypes
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Author : S.L. Tsohatzidis
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-03
Meanings And Prototypes written by S.L. Tsohatzidis and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
There are fewer distinctions in any language than there are distinct things in the universe. If, therefore, languages are ways of representing the universe, a primary function of their elements must be to allow the much more varied kinds of elements out of which the universe is made to be categorized in specific ways. A prototype approach to linguistic categories is a particular way of answering the question of how this categorization operates. It involves two claims. First, that linguistic categorization exploits principles that are not specific to language but characterize most, if not all, processes of cognition. Secondly, that a basic principle by which cognitive and linguistic categories are organized is the prototype principle, which assigns elements to a category not because they exemplify properties that are absolutely required of each one of its members, but because they exhibit, in varying degrees, certain types of similarity with a particular category member which has been established as the best example (or: prototype) of its kind. The development of the prototype approach into a satisfactory body of theory obviously requires both that its empirical base be enriched, and that its conceptual foundations be clarified. These are the areas where this volume, in its 26 essays, makes original contributions. The first two parts contain discussions in which various kinds of linguistic phenomena are analysed in ways that make essential use of prototype notions. The last two parts contain discussions in which prototype notions themselves become the object, rather than the instrument, of analytical scrutiny.
The Foundations Of Linguistic Theory Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : Nigel Love
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-03
The Foundations Of Linguistic Theory Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by Nigel Love and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
For Roy Harris, the fundamental problem about linguistics is that it has been led astray by the fact that we are capable intellectually of ‘decontextualising’ our own verbal behaviour. A whole interlocking system of doctrines about forms, meanings and communication has arisen designed to support the idea that one particular kind of decontextualising analysis is a prerequisite for, rather than a retrospective reflection on, that behaviour. Against this, in 13 essays collected here for the first time, Harris argues for a fresh start, which recognises that we create language ‘as we go’, both as individuals and as communities, just as we create our social structures, forms of artistic expression, moral values, and everything else we call civilisation. If Harris’s thought can be put in a nutshell, it is that all utterances (whether written or spoken) have to appear in a context, and that context is an integral part of the utterance. There is no such thing as a contextless utterance.
Categorial Morphology Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : Jack Hoeksema
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-03
Categorial Morphology Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by Jack Hoeksema and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book presents an account of certain problems of morphological analysis that occurs within a theoretical framework that derives its inspiration from recent studies of the lexicon in generative grammar. The starting point is the controversy about the proper analysis of synthetic compounds. Are they really compounds, or phrasal derivations, or do they constitute a type of word formation of their own?
Production And Comprehension Of Utterances Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : I.M. Schlesinger
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-01-10
Production And Comprehension Of Utterances Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by I.M. Schlesinger and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-10 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In this volume, the author reviews the results of research on language performance and proposes a model of production and comprehension. Although recent developments in linguistics are taken into account, consideration of other requirements of a performance model leads to the conclusion that the grammar the speaker has in mind differs from the grammar as currently conceived of by most linguists. The author is also critical of recent computer simulations of language performance on the basis that they fall short of describing what goes on in human production and comprehension. The author therefore proposes that the basic issues must be rethought and new theoretical foundations reformulated, in order to arrive at a viable theory of language functioning. In developing the framework of the model presented in this book, requirements of flexibility in the performance mechanisms, the probabilistic nature of comprehension processes, and the interleaving of linguistic rules with context and knowledge of the world are emphasized.
The Formal Grammar Of Switch Reference Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : Daniel L Finer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-03
The Formal Grammar Of Switch Reference Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by Daniel L Finer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book studies the syntax of switch-reference and its implications for the theory of grammar. Switch-reference, found in many genetically and geographically diverse languages, is a phenomenon whereby referential identity between subjects of hierarchically adjacent clauses is encoded by the presence of a morpheme, usually suffixed to the verb of the subordinate clause. This book argues that switch-reference should be analysed as a syntactic rather than a purely pragmatic or functional feature of language.
Basic Word Order Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : Russell S Tomlin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-03
Basic Word Order Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by Russell S Tomlin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book examines the frequencies of the six possible basic word (or constituent) orders (SOV, SVO, VSO, VOS, OSV, OVS) provides a typologically grounded explanation for those frequencies in terms of three independent, functional principles of linguistic organization. From a database of nearly 1,000 languages and their basic constituent orders, a sample of 400 languages was produced that is statistically representative of both the genetic and areal distributions of the world’s languages. This sample reveals the following relative frequencies (in order from high to low) of basic constituent order types: (1) SOV and SVO, (2) VSO, (3) VOS and OVS, (4) OSV. It is argued that these relative frequencies can be explained to be the result of the possible interactions of three fundamental functional principles of linguistic organization. Principle 1, the thematic information principle, specifies that initial position is the cross-linguistically favoured position for clause-level thematic information. Principle 2, the verb-object bonding principle, describes the cross-linguistic tendency for a transitive verb and its object to form a more tightly integrated unit, syntactically and semantically, than does a transitive verb and its subject. Principle 3, the animated principle, describes the cross-linguistic tendency for semantic arguments which are either more animate or more agentive to occur earlier in the clause. Each principle is motivated independently of the others, drawing on cross-linguistic data from more than 80 genetically and typologically diverse languages. Given these three independently motivated functional principles, it is argued that the relative frequency of basic constituent order types is due to the tendency for the three principles to be maximally realized in the world’s languages. SOV and SVO languages are typologically most frequent because such basic orders reflect all three principles. The remaining orders occur less frequently because they reflect fewer of the principles. The 1,000-language database and the genetic and areal classification frames are published as appendices to the volume.
Categorial Grammars Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : Mary McGee Wood
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-03
Categorial Grammars Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by Mary McGee Wood and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In the last few years categorial grammars have been the focus of dramatically expanded interest and activity, both theoretical and computational. This book, the first introduction to categorical grammars, is written as an objective critical assessment. Categorial grammars offer a radical alternative to the phrase-structure paradigm, with deep roots in the philosophy of language, logic and algebra. Mary McGee Wood outlines their historical evolution and discusses their formal basis, starting with a quasi-canonical core and considering a number of possible extensions. She also explores their treatment of a number of linguistic phenomena, including passives, raising, discontinuous dependencies and non-constituent coordination, as well as such general issues as word order, logic, psychological plausibility and parsing. This introduction to categorial grammars will be of interest to final year undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in current theories of grammar, including comparative, descriptive, and computational linguistics.
A Situated Theory Of Agreement Rle Linguistics B Grammar
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Author : Michael Barlow
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-01-10
A Situated Theory Of Agreement Rle Linguistics B Grammar written by Michael Barlow and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-10 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Typical cases of agreement are easy to identify, but where the boundaries of agreement lie depend on what aspects of the agreement relation are considered to be defining properties. It is a short step from viewing agreement in the traditional way, as a matching of features, to defining agreement as any relation that ensures consistency of information in two separate structures. This book takes as its topic agreement as it is traditionally conceived, one that only involves morphosyntactic categories.