Septuagint Cosmic Genesis
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Septuagint Cosmic Genesis
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Digital Ink Productions
Release Date : 2020-07-03
Septuagint Cosmic Genesis written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Digital Ink Productions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-03 with Religion categories.
In the mid 3ʳᵈ century BC, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt ordered a translation of the ancient Israelite scriptures for the Library of Alexandria, which resulted in the creation of the Septuagint. The original version, published circa 250 BC, only included the Torah, or in Greek terms, the Pentateuch. The Torah is composed of the five books traditionally credited to Moses, circa 1500 BC: Cosmic Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The first of these five books was known as Cosmic Genesis in Greek, however, known as Bereshít in Hebrew, which translates as approximately ‘In the beginning’ the first few words of the book. The Book of Cosmic Genesis begins by recounting a fusion of ancient Akkadian and Middle Egyptian creation mythology, before telling the stories of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the ancestors of the Israelites. Their stories also include smatterings of Old and Middle Egyptian religious iconography, such as Jacob seeing the ladder up to the sky, which in Egyptian mythology was associated with Osiris since the Old Kingdom era. The book culminates with the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob, all moving to Egypt during a famine in Canaan. Based on the chronology in the Septuagint, his famine would have been during the collapse of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom, which led to a group of Canaanites seizing control of Egypt, as described a the end of Cosmic Genesis.
Septuagint Numbers
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Scriptural Research Institute
Release Date : 2020-08-10
Septuagint Numbers written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Scriptural Research Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-10 with Religion categories.
Since the 1800s, the majority of Biblical scholars have interpreted the books of Leviticus and Numbers as a later addition to the original laws of Moses found in Exodus, with Deuteronomy being an even later addition during the Babylonian or Persian eras. Cosmic Genesis is either considered to be part of Moses' original work or a later addition in the Persian era, depending on the scholar. Leviticus and Numbers contain several amendments to Moses' laws in Exodus, as well as establishing the land rights of the various tribes of Israel within historic Canaan, including the assignment of several cities and their environs to the Levitical Priesthood. The most obvious amendment to Moses' laws, is replacing the sacrifice of the firstborn with the establishment of the Levitical Priesthood. Exodus 13 includes a requirement that the firstborn Israelites must be slaughtered as a sacrifice to the Lord, however, allowed an animal to be substituted. This law would not have been difficult for a group of nomadic shepherds to follow but would have become progressively more difficult as the Israelites became more urbanized in Canaan. The substitution of the Levitical Priesthood for the firstborn Israelites was established in Numbers chapter 3. This 'authorized' Torah also removed the Korahites from the Temple of Solomon, adding the Revolt of Korah to the Torah, set long before the Israelites entered Canaan. The Sons of Korah, or Korahites, were a rival priesthood to the Levites that administered the Temple of Solomon from the time of Solomon until Josiah. They are believed to have originally been the priesthood of El Elyon at the Jebusite Temple before David conquered them. Solomon, David's youngest son, was an unlikely heir, and not the original heir apparent, as his elder brother Adonijah attempted to succeed David by marrying Abishag the Shunamite, David's youngest wife, who was twelve years old at the time. However, Solomon's Jebusite mother Bathsheba, and the prophet Nathan conspired to place the fifteen-year-old Solomon on the throne and then purged the government of non-Jebusites, who appear to have all supported Adonijah. The Sons of Korah were the authors of some of the Psalms, and are documented as existing in Judea as late as the Persian era, although seem to have disappeared by the early Greek era. Some have theorized they may have formed the priesthood of the Essenes (Nazarenes) in the late-Persian era, as the Essenes had another Torah, and used different holy books from the other Jews, such as the books of Enoch and Jubilees.
Septuagint Torah
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Scriptural Research Institute
Release Date : 2020-08-16
Septuagint Torah written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Scriptural Research Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-16 with Religion categories.
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, his generals ripped apart his empire, and by 305 BC General Ptolemy had gained control of the Eastern Mediterranean, including Egypt, Judea, Cyprus, Cyrene, and coastal regions of modern Turkey, including Cilicia, Pamphylia, Lycia, and Caria. He established the dynasty of the Ptolemies that would rule Egypt for the next three centuries until Cleopatra VII Philopator committed suicide in 30 BC. The Ptolemys built one of the great wonders of the ancient world, the Library of Alexandria, which at its height was said to house over 400,000 scrolls. The original collection that was amassed in the first century of the library, was mostly Greek works, and translations of Egyptian works. In the middle of 3ʳᵈ century BC, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus ordered a translation of the ancient Hebrew scriptures for the library. To create this translation, a group of rabbis assembled in Alexandria who translated the common Aramaic version of the Torah popularly ascribed to Ezra the Scribe into Greek. This translation later became known as the Septuagint, the Greek term for 70. According to The Letter of Aristeas, this was because there were seventy rabbis who created the translation. An alternate theory is that there were 70 books in the Septuagint at some point, however, a joke preserved in the Book of the Hammer (Hebrew Maccabees) suggests there were originally 50 books in the Septuagint. An alternate theory is because the number 70 represented ‘completeness’ in ancient Canaanite cultures, including the Judahite and Samaritan cultures. The original version, published circa 250 BC, only included the Torah, or in Greek terms, the Pentateuch. These five books were traditionally credited to Moses circa 1500 BC: Cosmic Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Cosmic Genesis begins by recounting a fusion of ancient Akkadian and Middle Egyptian creation mythology before telling the stories of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the ancestors of the Israelites. Their stories also include smatterings of Old and Middle Egyptian religious iconography, such as Jacob's vision of the ladder up to the sky, which in Egyptian mythology was associated with first Horus the Elder and then Osiris since the Old Kingdom era. Few books have generated as many debates about geographical features as the book of Exodus. It describes a series of wonders that the god of the Israelites performed to free them from their slavery in Egypt, and then their trek across the wilderness to a mountain on which the god descended and gave them the Torah. Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy expand upon the laws and history of the Israelites in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. This translation attempts to restore and translate the original Septuagint's Torah as it would have appeared circa 250 BC.
Septuagint Deuteronomy
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024-02-12
Septuagint Deuteronomy written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-12 with Religion categories.
In the mid 3ʳᵈ century BC, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt ordered a translation of the ancient Israelite scriptures for the Library of Alexandria, which resulted in the creation of the Septuagint. The original version, published circa 250 BC, only included the Torah, or in Greek terms, the Pentateuch. The Torah is the five books traditionally credited to Moses, circa 1500 BC: Cosmic Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The Greek terms in Deuteronomy are translations of known Canaanite gods, most especially, El, the Canaanite creator god. El translates in Canaanite and Hebrew as 'God, ' and is the primary god worshiped in ancient Canaan in the era Abraham was reported to have passed through the area. El was also the patron god of the Temple of El, built by Jacob near the modern city of Nablus in the Palestinian West Bank, which featured in many of the early Israelite scriptures before Samaria was conquered by the Assyrian Empire. In the Book of Micah, the Temple of El was referred to as Jacob's Temple of El, which confirms that the Israelites in the 8ᵗʰ century BC considered the Temple of El at Shiloh to be the Temple of El that Jacob built, in Cosmic Genesis chapter 35. If the Greeks translated the Septuagint accurately, which everything other than the names of God indicates, then the term God would have been El in the texts they translated. Likewise, Lord God would have been Adon Elohim, the title of El, which translates as 'Father of the gods.' Adon Elohim was a Canaanite title for El, found in the Ugaritic Texts. This translation attempts to restore and translate the original Septuagint's book of Deuteronomy as it would have appeared circa 250 BC.
Septuagint Genesis
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Author : George Valsamis
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-05-17
Septuagint Genesis written by George Valsamis and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-17 with categories.
Genesis belongs to the Old Testament books having a Greek name. Although most of the book's chapters regard Israel, the Creation stories were and remain so crucial for the life of Israel itself, that Genesis (Making, Creation) deserves its name completely. God in the tradition of Israel is first and above any other of His properties and powers 'the Creator'. The book is offered at cost price, is illuminated and features a relatively large typeface, making its reading a pleasure. The text is the one prepared by Alfred Rahlfs, modified by the Church of Greece to take advantage of forms being in use in the Greek liturgical tradition, a tradition of the highest authority, coming through Byzantium and being alive even now. You may like to check this edition even if you already have the Septuagint in some other form. Official page: elpenor.org/books/septuagint-genesis/default-en.asp
Septuagint Leviticus
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Digital Ink Productions
Release Date : 2020-08-05
Septuagint Leviticus written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Digital Ink Productions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-05 with Religion categories.
In the mid 3ʳᵈ century BC, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt ordered a translation of the ancient Hebrew scriptures for the Library of Alexandria, which resulted in the creation of the Septuagint. The original version, published circa 250 BC, only included the Torah, or in Greek terms, the Pentateuch. The Torah is the five books traditionally credited to Moses, circa 1500 BC: Cosmic Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. According to Jewish tradition, the original Torah was lost when the Babylonians destroyed the Temple of Solomon and was later rewritten by Ezra the Scribe from memory during the Second Temple period. Since the 1800s, the majority of Biblical scholars have interpreted the books of Leviticus and Numbers as a later addition to the original laws of Moses found in Exodus, with Deuteronomy being a later addition during the Babylonian era. Cosmic Genesis is either considered to be part of Moses' original work or a later addition in the Persian era, depending on the scholar. Leviticus and Numbers contain several amendments to Moses' laws in Exodus, as well as establishing the land rights of the various tribes of Israel within historic Canaan, including the assignment of several cities and their environs to the Levitical Priesthood. The most obvious amendment to Moses' laws, is replacing the sacrifice of the firstborn, with the establishment of the Levitical Priesthood. Exodus 13 includes a requirement that the firstborn Israelites must be slaughtered as a sacrifice to Iaw, however, allowed an animal to be substituted. This law would not have been difficult for a group of nomadic shepherds to follow but would have become progressively more difficult as the Israelites became more urbanized in Canaan. This seems to have resulted in an increase of child-sacrifice which the prophet Jeremiah spoke out against during his lifetime, estimated at between 650 BC and 570 BC. The practice was officially banned by King Josiah around 630 BC when the Levites 'found' the 'original' Torah of Moses during the refurbishing of Solomon's Temple. As this could not have been Moses' original Torah, as Moses had nothing to do with the Temple of Solomon, it was likely when Leviticus and Numbers were added to the Torah. This is likely when the 'authorized version' of Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers were cobbled together from the conflicting Elohist and Yahwist sources, although some groups may have continued to use the older versions of these books, as the Nazarenes had their own Torah in the 1st-century BC, which appears to have been the old Elohist Torah.
Septuagint Prayer Of Manasseh
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Scriptural Research Institute
Release Date : 2020-02-02
Septuagint Prayer Of Manasseh written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Scriptural Research Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-02 with Religion categories.
The Prayer of Manasseh was found in some copies of the Septuagint, but not all. It is believed to have been added in the 2nd-century BC, which is why it is not found in all copies. The 5th-century Codex Alexandrinus includes the Prayer of Manasseh as one of the 14 Odes, appearing directly after Psalms, however, it often appears at different positions within Bibles, and is treated as a separate work by many Christian denominations. The Prayer of Manasseh is unusual in that it is written by one of the 'evil' kings of Judea, who restored Baalism, and restored the statue of Ba'al to King Solomon's Temple. It is a prayer dedicated to 'the Lord' which is a direct translation of the title Ba'al, and may, therefore, be seen as a Baalist prayer. This is something that has concerned Jews and Christians throughout history, which is why it is not universally considered canon by either Jews or Christians. The author of the Septuagint's 2nd Paralipomenon (Masoretic Diḇrê Hayyāmîm) attempted to resolve the question of Manasseh's prayer by adding a story of his repentance and return to worshiping the Lord (Masoretic Yahweh) after being imprisoned by the King of Assyria, however, that story is not viewed as possible by many, as it would have meant that Judea was conquered by the Assyrians, who then incarcerated the Judean King in Nineveh. There are no records of this, however, Manasseh is mentioned as the King of Judea in the Assyrian records, and the two nations appear to have had cordial relations. The fact that the author of 2nd Paralipomenon felt he needed to explain the existence of the Prayer of Manasseh, proves it was in use by Jews at the time, although, it may not be the Prayer that ended up in the Septuagint. Fragments of a Hebrew Prayer of Manasseh have been found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, however, not enough of them survives to determine how much the two Prayers originally deviated.
Septuagint S Esther And The Vetus Latina Esther
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Scriptural Research Institute
Release Date :
Septuagint S Esther And The Vetus Latina Esther written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Scriptural Research Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Religion categories.
In addition to the two copies of the Book of Esther found in the Septuagint manuscripts, there are two additional surviving copies of the Book of Esther, one is found in the Masoretic texts, while the other is found among the Vetus Latina manuscripts. The Masoretic texts are the Hebrew translations of the ancient Israelite and Judahite books that form the core of the modern Tanakh which is used by Rabbinical Jews, while the Vetus Latina manuscripts are the Latin translations of the ancient books that were made before Jerome's official Latin translation of the Orthodox Christian Bible, published circa 405 AD. Each of these texts is unique, however, all appear to derive from earlier Aramaic texts. The oldest surviving physical copy of Esther is found in the Codex Vaticanus, which dates to circa 350 AD. The version of Esther in the Codex Vaticanus is generally accepted as being the original version added to the Septuagint sometime in the 2ⁿᵈ century BC, however, it claims to have not been translated in Alexandria, like the rest of the Septuagint. The next oldest version of Esther that survives is in the Leningrad Codex of the Masoretic Texts, with is dated to circa 1008 AD. This version is in Hebrew, and is the only one of the three copies that does not appear to have once been in Greek, and it is the only one of the three copies that does not mention God. This version was copied as part of the Masoretic Texts between the 7ᵗʰ and 10ᵗʰ centuries AD. With many Masoretic Texts, there are precursors found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, however, there are no known fragments of Esther found among the Dead Sea Scrolls to date. It is unclear where it originated, or why there is no reference to God in it. The Vetus Latina's version of Esther is one of the books not translated from either the Septuagint or proto-Masoretic versions of Esther, and therefore, is the fourth primary source for the Book of Esther. Dating the Vetus Latina is more difficult than the Septuagint, as it was the work of many individual translators over several centuries. The bulk of the work is believed to have been done between 330 BC and 50 AD by Judeans living within the expanding Roman Empire, however, around 50 AD the Latin-speaking Christians began using the texts as well. After Jerome translated the Vulgate bible, published in 405 AD, the Vetus Latina continued in use alongside the Vulgate in the Catholic countries until the 1300s. While the Vetus Latina is by nature a Latin translation of the ancient Israelite scriptures, the translations were generally made from existing Greek translations, and in the case of the Book of Esther, not from either the Vaticanus or Alpha versions.
Octateuch The Original Orit
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Scriptural Research Institute
Release Date : 2020-08-31
Octateuch The Original Orit written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Scriptural Research Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-31 with Religion categories.
In the mid 3ʳᵈ century BC, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt ordered a translation of the ancient Hebrew scriptures for the Library of Alexandria, which resulted in the creation of the Septuagint. The original version, published circa 250 BC, only included the Torah, or in Greek terms, the Pentateuch. The Torah is the five books traditionally credited to Moses, circa 1500 BC: Cosmic Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The first edition was followed by the second, around 225 BC which added the books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth, which was later known as the Octateuch. This version of the Septuagint was later carried south into the Kingdom of Kush by the Jews fleeing Egypt in 200 BC when Judea was in revolt and the Ptolemys attempted to exterminate the Jews in Egypt. The Octateuch later became the Torah of the Beta Israel community in Sudan and Ethiopia known as the Orit. A number of stories exist to explain the origin of the Beta Israel community, the 'Ethiopian Jews' indigenous to Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Sudan. The recorded story of the origin of the Ethiopian Jews was reported by Eldad ha-Dani in the late 800s AD. Eldad ha-Dani was a dark-skinned Jew from a country south of Kush, modern northern Sudan, who was captured by pagan Ethiopians, and ultimately sold on the coast of what might be modern Kenya or Tanzania, to a Jew from the Parthian Empire, who took him back to modern Iran. He later traveled through the Middle East and the Mediterranean Sea. He claimed that he was from a country of Jews, south of Kush, who were the descendants of the tribes of Dan, Gad, Naphtali, and Asher, who had left Israel during the civil war that split the Kingdom into Judea and Samaria. Modern secular scholars doubt there was a united kingdom of Israel, however, if the civil war did happen, it would have happened in 922 BC when Jeroboam I and Rehoboam split the kingdom of Solomon. If true, this would make the Ethiopian Jews neither Jews, nor Samaritans, but a third branch of the Judeo-Samaritan religions, and arguably, older than the others. The Christian text Kebra Nagast claims that Judaism entered into Ethiopia slightly earlier when the Ethiopian Queen of Sheba traveled to Israel and was impregnated by King Solomon. Her son Menelik I led a group of Jews to Ethiopia when he stole the Ark of the Covenant. Other than the Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, few consider the Kebra Nagast historically valid. Some members of the Beta Israel community claim the Ethiopian Jews were originally members of the Jewish tribes led by Moses that chose not to enter into Canaan with Joshua, and instead traveled south and settled in the land of Moses' Ethiopian wife, mentioned in Numbers chapter 12. A third story of the origin of the Ethiopian Jews, took place shortly after the Greeks had taken control over Egypt and Judea, when King Ptolemy I resettled Judeans in southern Nubia. This would have taken place between 305 and 282 BC, and later the Jews migrated south for various reasons. However they ended up in Ethiopia, they have traditionally used a variation of the Octateuch, which they call the Orit. The Octateuch is documented as being the version of the Septuagint that was published around 225 BC. Like the Ethiopian Christian Bible, the Orit appears to have had sections 'updated' from Hebrew and Arabic sources over the past two thousand years. Octateuch: The Original Orit is a 21st-century translation aimed at restoring the original Orit.
Septuagint Judith
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Scriptural Research Institute
Release Date : 1901
Septuagint Judith written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Scriptural Research Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1901 with Religion categories.
The origin of the Book of Judith has been debated for thousands of years, and is often assumed to have been written in Greek as anti-Hellenic propaganda during the Maccabean Revolt. It isn’t clear why an anti-Hellenic book would have been written in Greek by an Aramaic-speaking people, however, no ancient copies of it survive in Hebrew, Aramaic, or Phoenician (Samaritan / Judahite). There are Hebrew translations, however, they are dated to the middle ages, 1000 years after the oldest surviving copies of the Judith found in the Septuagint. The Greek translations are remarkably consistent compared to the radically different versions of the Book of Tobit in the surviving copies of the Septuagint. The name of the king in the book of Judith is named Nebuchadnezzar, which was the name of the king of Babylon, between 605 and 562 BC. However, other than the name of the king, no other elements of the story indicate the story originated with the Babylonians. Nebuchadnezzar did not fight the Medes, and could not have killed the king of Media, as the two countries were close allies at the time, and under King Cyaxares the Median Empire reached its peak. Nebuchadnezzar didn’t launch a war against the Elamites, who in fact fell under the control of Cyaxares’s Median Empire. As the name Nebuchadnezzar was used to replace Achiacharos (Αχιαχαρος) in the book of Tobit, when the Sinaiticus version was simplified into the Vaticanus version, it’s likely that the name Nebuchadnezzar was simply used to replaces an older name as well. There are several indicators in the book that point to the original king being Ashurbanipal, the king of Assyria between 668 and 627 BC. Ashurbanipal did fight two wars against Elam, and virtually annihilated the Elamites in the second war. Ashurbanipal also invaded Media, and during the fighting the Median king Phraortes was killed, allowing Ashurbanipal to claim victory, even though he didn’t consolidate his victory and integrate Media back into the Assyrian Empire. When Ashurbanipal had launched the invasion of Media, in his 17ᵗʰ year, he ordered the local kings from across his empire to send troops to the war, but almost all refused, which was a general insurrection. Therefore, while committed to the war against Media, after defeating the Medians, he was eager to return to Assyria, and restore order to his empire.