Set Theory Objects
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Essential Concepts Of Set Theory
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Author : Robert S. Y. Wong
language : en
Publisher: 香港教育圖書公司
Release Date : 2016-07-01
Essential Concepts Of Set Theory written by Robert S. Y. Wong and has been published by 香港教育圖書公司 this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Mathematics categories.
For thousands of years, it is generally believed that mathematics begins with the natural numbers and counting. But there is something more fundamental than counting. It is the grouping of things. If a child is shown a picture of a farm with sheep and cows here and there and asked to count the number of sheep, the child would first put the sheep in a group mentally and then count the number of sheep in the group. Without grouping, counting cannot happen. Therefore, mathematics begins with the grouping of objects, which is the object of study of set theory. In this book, we explore the fundamental concepts of sets and related topics: propositional logic, methods of proof, relations and functions. Unlike the technical approach adopted in most books, we use many everyday examples to show that these concepts can be found everywhere in our daily life. The book also has plenty of exercises and solutions to all exercises are provided.
Theory Of Named Sets
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Author : M. S. Burgin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Theory Of Named Sets written by M. S. Burgin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Set theory categories.
Set theory has become one of the most respected fields in mathematics due to the situation in which sets are used to build all mathematical structures, pervading the whole of modern mathematics, and objects, while set theory guarantees soundness of this approach. The language of set theory, in its relative simplicity, is sufficiently powerful to formalise virtually all mathematical concepts popular in the mathematical community. As a result, the majority of mathematicians assume that a set is the most fundamental object for the whole mathematics and consequently, set theory along with logical calculi, forms the most natural and adequate ultimate foundation for mathematics. This book presents and discusses research in the study of set theory, as well as their role and place in mathematics.
Notes On Set Theory
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Author : Yiannis Moschovakis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Notes On Set Theory written by Yiannis Moschovakis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Mathematics categories.
What this book is about. The theory of sets is a vibrant, exciting math ematical theory, with its own basic notions, fundamental results and deep open problems, and with significant applications to other mathematical theories. At the same time, axiomatic set theory is often viewed as a foun dation ofmathematics: it is alleged that all mathematical objects are sets, and their properties can be derived from the relatively few and elegant axioms about sets. Nothing so simple-minded can be quite true, but there is little doubt that in standard, current mathematical practice, "making a notion precise" is essentially synonymous with "defining it in set theory. " Set theory is the official language of mathematics, just as mathematics is the official language of science. Like most authors of elementary, introductory books about sets, I have tried to do justice to both aspects of the subject. From straight set theory, these Notes cover the basic facts about "ab stract sets," including the Axiom of Choice, transfinite recursion, and car dinal and ordinal numbers. Somewhat less common is the inclusion of a chapter on "pointsets" which focuses on results of interest to analysts and introduces the reader to the Continuum Problem, central to set theory from the very beginning.
Handbook Of Set Theory
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Author : Matthew Foreman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-10
Handbook Of Set Theory written by Matthew Foreman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-10 with Mathematics categories.
Numbers imitate space, which is of such a di?erent nature —Blaise Pascal It is fair to date the study of the foundation of mathematics back to the ancient Greeks. The urge to understand and systematize the mathematics of the time led Euclid to postulate axioms in an early attempt to put geometry on a ?rm footing. With roots in the Elements, the distinctive methodology of mathematics has become proof. Inevitably two questions arise: What are proofs? and What assumptions are proofs based on? The ?rst question, traditionally an internal question of the ?eld of logic, was also wrestled with in antiquity. Aristotle gave his famous syllogistic s- tems, and the Stoics had a nascent propositional logic. This study continued with ?ts and starts, through Boethius, the Arabs and the medieval logicians in Paris and London. The early germs of logic emerged in the context of philosophy and theology. The development of analytic geometry, as exempli?ed by Descartes, ill- tratedoneofthedi?cultiesinherentinfoundingmathematics. Itisclassically phrased as the question ofhow one reconciles the arithmetic with the geom- ric. Arenumbers onetypeofthingand geometricobjectsanother? Whatare the relationships between these two types of objects? How can they interact? Discovery of new types of mathematical objects, such as imaginary numbers and, much later, formal objects such as free groups and formal power series make the problem of ?nding a common playing ?eld for all of mathematics importunate. Several pressures made foundational issues urgent in the 19th century.
Foundations Of Set Theory
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Author : A.A. Fraenkel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1973-12-01
Foundations Of Set Theory written by A.A. Fraenkel and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973-12-01 with Computers categories.
Foundations of Set Theory discusses the reconstruction undergone by set theory in the hands of Brouwer, Russell, and Zermelo. Only in the axiomatic foundations, however, have there been such extensive, almost revolutionary, developments. This book tries to avoid a detailed discussion of those topics which would have required heavy technical machinery, while describing the major results obtained in their treatment if these results could be stated in relatively non-technical terms. This book comprises five chapters and begins with a discussion of the antinomies that led to the reconstruction of set theory as it was known before. It then moves to the axiomatic foundations of set theory, including a discussion of the basic notions of equality and extensionality and axioms of comprehension and infinity. The next chapters discuss type-theoretical approaches, including the ideal calculus, the theory of types, and Quine's mathematical logic and new foundations; intuitionistic conceptions of mathematics and its constructive character; and metamathematical and semantical approaches, such as the Hilbert program. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, logicians, and statisticians.
Fundamentals Of Contemporary Set Theory
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Author : Keith J. Devlin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1979
Fundamentals Of Contemporary Set Theory written by Keith J. Devlin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Mathematics categories.
This book is intended to provide an account of those parts of contemporary set theory which are of direct relevance to other areas of pure mathematics. The intended reader is either an advanced level undergraduate, or a beginning graduate student in mathematics, or else an accomplished mathematician who desires or needs a familiarity with modern set theory. The book is written in a fairly easy going style, with a minimum of formalism (a format characteristic of contemporary set theory) " In Chapter I the basic principles of set theory are developed in a "naive" tl manner. Here the notions of "set I II union ", "intersection", "power set" I "relation" I "function" etc. are defined and discussed. One assumption in writing this chapter has been that whereas the reader may have met all of these concepts before, and be familiar with their usage, he may not have considered the various notions as forming part of the continuous development of a pure subject (namely set theory) " Consequently, our development is at the same time rigorous and fast. Chapter II develops the theory of sets proper. Starting with the naive set theory of Chapter I, we begin by asking the question "What is a set?" Attempts to give a rLgorous answer lead naturally to the axioms of set theory introduced by Zermelo and Fraenkel, which is the system taken as basic in this book.
An Outline Of Set Theory
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Author : James M. Henle
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
An Outline Of Set Theory written by James M. Henle and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
This book is designed for use in a one semester problem-oriented course in undergraduate set theory. The combination of level and format is somewhat unusual and deserves an explanation. Normally, problem courses are offered to graduate students or selected undergraduates. I have found, however, that the experience is equally valuable to ordinary mathematics majors. I use a recent modification of R. L. Moore's famous method developed in recent years by D. W. Cohen [1]. Briefly, in this new approach, projects are assigned to groups of students each week. With all the necessary assistance from the instructor, the groups complete their projects, carefully write a short paper for their classmates, and then, in the single weekly class meeting, lecture on their results. While the em phasis is on the student, the instructor is available at every stage to assure success in the research, to explain and critique mathematical prose, and to coach the groups in clear mathematical presentation. The subject matter of set theory is peculiarly appropriate to this style of course. For much of the book the objects of study are familiar and while the theorems are significant and often deep, it is the methods and ideas that are most important. The necessity of rea soning about numbers and sets forces students to come to grips with the nature of proof, logic, and mathematics. In their research they experience the same dilemmas and uncertainties that faced the pio neers.
Philosophy Of Mathematics
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Author : Gerhard Preyer
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-05-02
Philosophy Of Mathematics written by Gerhard Preyer and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-02 with Philosophy categories.
One main interest of philosophy is to become clear about the assumptions, premisses and inconsistencies of our thoughts and theories. And even for a formal language like mathematics it is controversial if consistency is acheivable or necessary like the articles in the firt part of the publication show. Also the role of formal derivations, the role of the concept of apriority, and the intuitions of mathematical principles and properties need to be discussed. The second part is a contribution on nominalistic and platonistic views in mathematics, like the "indispensability argument" of W. v. O. Quine H. Putnam and the "makes no difference argument" of A. Baker. Not only in retrospect, the third part shows the problems of Mill, Frege's and the unity of mathematics and Descartes's contradictional conception of mathematical essences. Together, these articles give us a hint into the relationship between mathematics and world, that is, one of the central problems in philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of science.
An Introduction To Proofs With Set Theory
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Author : Daniel Ashlock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
An Introduction To Proofs With Set Theory written by Daniel Ashlock and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Mathematics categories.
This text is intended as an introduction to mathematical proofs for students. It is distilled from the lecture notes for a course focused on set theory subject matter as a means of teaching proofs. Chapter 1 contains an introduction and provides a brief summary of some background material students may be unfamiliar with. Chapters 2 and 3 introduce the basics of logic for students not yet familiar with these topics. Included is material on Boolean logic, propositions and predicates, logical operations, truth tables, tautologies and contradictions, rules of inference and logical arguments. Chapter 4 introduces mathematical proofs, including proof conventions, direct proofs, proof-by-contradiction, and proof-by-contraposition. Chapter 5 introduces the basics of naive set theory, including Venn diagrams and operations on sets. Chapter 6 introduces mathematical induction and recurrence relations. Chapter 7 introduces set-theoretic functions and covers injective, surjective, and bijective functions, as well as permutations. Chapter 8 covers the fundamental properties of the integers including primes, unique factorization, and Euclid's algorithm. Chapter 9 is an introduction to combinatorics; topics included are combinatorial proofs, binomial and multinomial coefficients, the Inclusion-Exclusion principle, and counting the number of surjective functions between finite sets. Chapter 10 introduces relations and covers equivalence relations and partial orders. Chapter 11 covers number bases, number systems, and operations. Chapter 12 covers cardinality, including basic results on countable and uncountable infinities, and introduces cardinal numbers. Chapter 13 expands on partial orders and introduces ordinal numbers. Chapter 14 examines the paradoxes of naive set theory and introduces and discusses axiomatic set theory. This chapter also includes Cantor's Paradox, Russel's Paradox, a discussion of axiomatic theories, an exposition on Zermelo‒Fraenkel Set Theory with the Axiom of Choice, and a brief explanation of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems.
Algebraic Set Theory
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Author : André Joyal
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1995-09-14
Algebraic Set Theory written by André Joyal and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-14 with Mathematics categories.
This book offers a new algebraic approach to set theory. The authors introduce a particular kind of algebra, the Zermelo-Fraenkel algebras, which arise from the familiar axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. Furthermore, the authors explicitly construct these algebras using the theory of bisimulations. Their approach is completely constructive, and contains both intuitionistic set theory and topos theory. In particular it provides a uniform description of various constructions of the cumulative hierarchy of sets in forcing models, sheaf models and realizability models. Graduate students and researchers in mathematical logic, category theory and computer science should find this book of great interest, and it should be accessible to anyone with a background in categorical logic.