Sex Differences In The Impact Of A 12 Week High Intensity Interval Training Intervention On Sympathetic Transduction
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Sex Differences In The Impact Of A 12 Week High Intensity Interval Training Intervention On Sympathetic Transduction
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Author : Beverly Schwartz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Sex Differences In The Impact Of A 12 Week High Intensity Interval Training Intervention On Sympathetic Transduction written by Beverly Schwartz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Peak diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses to resting bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; sympathetic transduction) are inversely associated with aerobic fitness in young males, but not females. I tested the hypothesis that 12- weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would improve aerobic fitness in young, healthy adults, but only attenuate sympathetic transduction in males. Aerobic fitness (V̇ O2peak, via indirect calorimetry), as well as peroneal MSNA (microneurography), and DBP (finger photoplethysmography) were recorded for ~10-min during supine rest. HIIT improved absolute V̇ O2peak in both sexes (both, P≤ 0.004), with greater increases observed in males (P=0.004). There was no change in sympathetic transduction following HIIT for either sex (both, P≥0.523). However, nadir DBP responses following cardiac cycles absent of MSNA bursts were enhanced (more negative) following HIIT in females (group P=0.019, females P=0.016, males P=0.345). These results indicate that HIIT mediated increases in aerobic fitness did not alter sympathetic transduction in a group of younger males and females.
The Impact Of A 12 Week High Intensity Interval Training Program On Sympathetic Transduction In Healthy Adults
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Author : Jenny Petterson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
The Impact Of A 12 Week High Intensity Interval Training Program On Sympathetic Transduction In Healthy Adults written by Jenny Petterson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Peak pressor responses (i.e., sympathetic transduction) following bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are inversely related to peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) in younger males, but not females. However, it is unknown whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) decreases sympathetic transduction. I tested the hypothesis that 12-weeks of HIIT (n=9) would improve V̇O2peak and attenuate sympathetic transduction versus a Control group (n=5). At baseline and follow-up, V̇O2peak (via graded cycle ergometry), resting peroneal MSNA (via microneurography) and beat-by-beat diastolic blood pressure (DBP; via finger photoplethysmography) were recorded. Peak DBP increases following MSNA bursts quantified sympathetic transduction. Nadir DBP following non-MSNA heartbeats were also determined. HIIT training improved V̇O2peak (P=0.003), with no changes observed in the Control group (P=0.279). Sympathetic transduction did not change in either group (Interaction P=0.647). However, decreases in DBP during sympathetic quiescence were larger following HIIT (P=0.006), but unchanged in the Control group (P=0.638). These results indicate that HIIT-mediated increases in aerobic fitness did not alter sympathetic regulation of DBP but may have enhanced competing local vasodilatory mechanisms.
Effects Of High Intensity Interval Training On Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Body Composition In Women
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Author : Rachel Marie Dykstra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Effects Of High Intensity Interval Training On Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Body Composition In Women written by Rachel Marie Dykstra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Exercise for women categories.
Background: A growing body of literature indicates that women, in comparison to men, report significantly more barriers to exercise, often times related to perceived lack of time due to their social roles (e.g. family responsibility, childcare). Therefore, it has been considered that exercise programs that require less time commitments would be more attractive for women to alleviate this concern. Objective: This review was conducted to comprehensively understand the present literature surrounding women and such a time-efficient protocol: high intensity interval training (HIIT). The primary aim was to determine the impact of HIIT on both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition. The secondary aim was to identify what variables, if any, influence the effect of HIIT on changes in CRF and body composition. Methods: A database search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL (Cochrane), and ESCO (SPORTdiscus) to obtain all peer-reviewed publications up until November 2020. Studies were included if HIIT protocols were aerobic-based, a minimum of two weeks in duration, participants were between the ages of 18-65 years and free from cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease and cancers. Comparisons were made for changes in maximal or peak oxygen consumption (VO2max or VO2peak), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (BF%). Results: 41 studies were included in this review, involving a total of 628 female subjects who were predominantly younger (582 subjects between ages 18-35 years) and overweight (body mass index ranging from 20.3-35.7 kg-m-2). Exercise intervention duration ranged from 2-15 weeks (7.8±3.7 weeks), utilizing between 2-5 sessions (3.1±0.4 visits) per week. Of the 37 studies with CRF as an outcome measures, 34 reported improvements. 35 studies reported pre- and post-intervention assessments surrounding body composition. 14 determined significant improvements in BF% and 12 studies reported a significant decrease in FM, six showed significant increases in FFM. Conclusion: It is suggested that HIIT can significantly improve CRF in women, irrespective of age, training status, BMI, and training frequency. However, exercise intervention duration, in conjunction with the appropriate intensity of exercise may influence the improvements. HIIT interventions that are shorter in duration (≤7 week) should consider utilizing intensities >100% VO2max (supramaximal) to elicit improvements in CRF. Intensities ranging from 85-95% VO2max are sufficient to augment CRF in interventions exceeding 7 weeks. The effect of HIIT on body composition is less clear. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and energy expenditure greatly exceeding 1000 MET-minutes per week may account for reductions in FM. However, there is no guarantee that these reasons alone account for all reductions in FM. There were improvements in FFM across very few studies (n = 6). It is suggested that aerobic-based HIIT be supplemented with resistance training to generate superior improvements in FFM. Furthermore, lack of controlled diet across all studies makes it difficult to determine if caloric intake could account for any changes in body composition. While HIIT may be an effective and time-efficient protocol for women, future research should focus on ecological validity and women’s adherence to such vigorous training, specifically within non-athletic and sedentary subgroups.
The Impact Of A 12 Week High Intensity Interval Training Program On Popliteal Vascular Responses To Prolonged Sitting
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Author : Haoxuan Liu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
The Impact Of A 12 Week High Intensity Interval Training Program On Popliteal Vascular Responses To Prolonged Sitting written by Haoxuan Liu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Prolonged, uninterrupted sitting (≥1-h) impairs lower-limb flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD), and resistance vessel responses. The benefits of regular aerobic exercise on vascular health are well established. However, conflicting evidence exists regarding the influence of aerobic fitness on sitting induced-reductions in lower-limb arterial function. To explore the impact that 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 3 sessions/week) had on popliteal FMD, NMD, and reactive hyperemic responses to a bout of prolonged sitting. Twenty-one healthy adults were randomly assigned to HIIT (n=7, 24±8 years, 7♀) or Control groups (n=10, 22±1 years, 6♀). Relative FMD responses (% peak increase from baseline diameter) to 5-min distal cuff occlusion (250 mmHg) and relative NMD responses (% peak increase from baseline diameter) to sublingual nitroglycerin administration (0.4 mg), as well as post-occlusive peak red cell velocity (RBCv) were assessed via duplex ultrasonography before and after a ~3-h bout of uninterrupted sitting. Peak oxygen consumption (relative V̇O2peak, indirect calorimetry) using a maximal cycle ergometer protocol graded cycle ergometry was also assessed. These assessments were repeated following the HIIT (2×20-min bouts of alternating between 15-s intervals at 100% of peak aerobic power and passive recovery) or Control (habitual physical activity) periods. 12-week HIIT improved relative V̇O2peak (35.4±7.8 to 39.5±6.1 ml/kg/min, P=0.005), with no changes observed in the Control group (P=0.306). Sitting-induced changes in popliteal FMD (HIIT: -1.4±2.6 to -1.7±1.9%; Control: -2.9±2.2 to -2.0±2.3%), NMD (HIIT: -3.1±2.9 to -3.2±2.5%; Control: -3.0±2.9 to -3.8±3.7%), or peak hyperemic responses (HIIT: -12.8±6.1 to -12.5±11.0 cm/s; Control: -26.0±14.4 to -9.5±24.7 cm/s) did not change at follow-up in either group (all, P≥0.105). These results indicate that a 12-week HIIT intervention did not provide protection against prolonged sitting-induced lower-limb vascular dysfunction.
The Effect Of Continuous Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Combined With High Intensity Interval Training On Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
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Author : Brendon Hugh Roxburgh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Effect Of Continuous Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Combined With High Intensity Interval Training On Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors written by Brendon Hugh Roxburgh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Cardiovascular system categories.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes are a major health and economic burden on society and without intervention, incidence will continue to increase. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is emerging as a time efficient strategy for improving risk factors of CVD and type 2 diabetes; however, there is a lack of research on HIIT in sedentary, at-risk individuals. Whilst HIIT has shown superior improvement in CVD risk factors, when compared with continuous moderate intensity exercise training (CMIET), it may be unrealistic to exclusively adopt this form of training as a lifestyle change. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare how 12 weeks of HIIT and CMIET affected cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), insulin sensitivity and other risk factors for CVD, in sedentary individuals at moderate risk of CVD. METHODS: Twenty nine sedentary subjects at moderate risk of CVD were recruited for 12 weeks of exercise training. Subjects were randomised into three groups: HIIT (n=9; 8-12 x 60 sec at 100% VO2max, 150 sec active recovery), CMIET (n=10; 30 min at 45-60% oxygen consumption reserve (VO2R)) and a sedentary control group (n=10). Participants in the HIIT group performed a single weekly bout of HIIT and four weekly sessions of CMIET, whilst the CMIET group performed five weekly CMIET sessions. Cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin sensitivity (HOMA model), blood lipids, body composition and quality of life were measured pre and post intervention. Probabilistic magnitude-based inferences were determined to assess the likelihood that the true value of the effect represented substantial change. RESULTS: Relative VO2max increased by 10.1% in in the HIIT group (32.7 ± 9.2 to 36.0 ± 11.5 mL·kg-1·min-1) and 3.9% in the CMIET group (33.2 ± 4.0 to 34.5 ± 6.1 mL·kg-1·min-1), whilst there was a 5.7% decrease in the control group (30.0 ± 4.6 to 28.3 ± 6.5 mL·kg-1·min-1). It was 'unclear' if a clinically significant difference existed between the HIIT and CMIET groups. There was a decrease in insulin sensitivity for both exercising groups (HIIT: 101 ± 27.3 to 90.3 ± 29.0%; CMIET: 95.6 ± 42.6 to 84.1 ± 25.6%), with a 'possibly trivial' clinical inference between groups. CONCLUSION: Both exercising groups showed clinically meaningful improvements in VO2max, body composition (hip and waist circumference), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and total and LDL cholesterol. However, it remains 'unclear' whether one type of exercise training regimen elicits a superior CVD risk factor reduction relative to its counterpart.
The Effects Of Low Volume High Intensity Interval Training Vs Periodized High Intensity Interval Training On Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Sedentary Women With Obesity
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Author : Amy Clark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Effects Of Low Volume High Intensity Interval Training Vs Periodized High Intensity Interval Training On Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Sedentary Women With Obesity written by Amy Clark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
To investigate effects of two high intensity interval training (HIIT) regimes on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), O2 pulse and ventilatory threshold (VT) in obese, sedentary women. Methods: 17 obese sedentary women (age and BMI=37.5±10.5 years and 39.0±4.7 kg/m2) participated in a six-week exercise intervention with three training sessions per week. Participants were randomized to low volume HIIT (LOW) (n=9, VO2max=21.5±3.2 mL/kg/min) or periodized HIIT (PER) (n=8, VO2max=17.3±2.4mL/kg/min). VO2max and peak power output (PPO) were measured on a cycle ergometer at baseline and at 3 and at 6 weeks using a ramp exercise test. Women in LOW completed repeated 60 second bouts of HIIT at 70-85% PPO; whereas, women in PER performed a different number of bouts and intensities each week. Results: There was a significant difference in relative (p=0.002; LOW: 21.5±3.2 vs. 22.5±3.2 mL/kg/min; PER: 17.3±2.41 vs. 18.0±2.2 mL/kg/min) and absolute (p=0.001; LOW: 2.1±0.3 vs. 2.2±0.3 L/min; PER: 1.9±0.4 vs. 2.0±0.3 L/min) VO2max across time, but no interaction (p=0.79 and p=0.53). There was no change in VT expressed as VT % VO2max (p=0.24) yet there was a group X time interaction (p=0.043). VT expressed in Watts was significantly different over time (p=0.001) but there was no group X time interaction (p=0.09). O2 pulse significantly increased from pre- to post-training (p=.003) but there was no time X group interaction (p=0.95). Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences between regimes, HIIT elicits significant changes in VO2max, O2 pulse and VT in sedentary women with obesity, which are improve health status.
Sex Differences In Hemodynamic Response To High Intensity Interval Exercise
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Author : Leah Coe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Sex Differences In Hemodynamic Response To High Intensity Interval Exercise written by Leah Coe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Sex differences in the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response to exercise exist due to differences in heart size, blood volume, and hemoglobin mass, eliciting a higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in men versus women. Data are equivocal on whether sex differences in training responsiveness occur. This study investigated potential sex differences in the hemodynamic response (stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO)) to high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Habitually active men (n=15) and women (n=13) underwent VO2max testing, followed by three HIIE sessions consisting of the 4X4, 10X1, and reduced exertion high intensity training (REHIT), whose order was randomized. During exercise, oxygen uptake (VO2) and hemodynamic responses were determined. Results showed no sex difference in peak relative VO2 (p=0.263), CO (p=0.277), or SV (p=0.116), although absolute values were higher in men (p0.05). Peak absolute (127.3 ± 20.6 vs. 115.2 ± 16.6 mL/beat, p=0.004, d=0.66) and relative SV (111.0 ± 15.5 vs. 100.7 ± 11.1 %max, p=0.005, d=0.78) were higher with REHIT versus 4X4. No sex differences in mean relative VO2, CO, or SV occurred (p0.05). Data showed lower mean VO2 during REHIT versus 4X4 (59.3 ± 6.8 vs. 65.8 ± 5.8 %VO2max, p
The Effect Of High Intensity Interval Training On Vo2 Peak And Performance In Trained High School Rowers
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Author : Natasha Carr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Effect Of High Intensity Interval Training On Vo2 Peak And Performance In Trained High School Rowers written by Natasha Carr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Aerobic exercises categories.
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a phrase quickly becoming popularized through current research due to the physical and physiological success this method of training has proven to yield in both untrained and trained individuals. There is no set definition used to describe HIIT, but it typically refers to repeated bouts of fairly brief intermittent exercise. A great deal of research outlines the benefits associated with utilizing HIIT in untrained and recreationally trained individuals. However, research on the effect HIIT has or could possibly have on the well-trained endurance athlete is limited, specifically in the sport of rowing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of HIIT on VO2 peak and performance in trained rowers when compared to traditional, endurance training. It was hypothesized that HIIT would be just as effective at improving VO2 peak and performance as the endurance training protocol in well-trained rowers. A total of 20 high school female rowers participated in the study (mean ± SD; age = 16 ± 1). Baseline testing was comprised of a 2000m time-trial test on the Concept IIc Rowing Ergometer and a maximal exercise test, which was also completed on the Concept IIc Ergometer, in order to determine VO2 peak. Subjects were randomly assigned to a HIIT or endurance group for four weeks of intervention. Three days/week the HIIT group completed a 6 by 30second repeated Wingate protocol on the Concept II Ergometer at or above 100% VO2 peak, in which each 30s maximal effort was immediately followed by an active recovery of four-minutes. The endurance group completed 30 minutes of sub-maximal rowing at 65% of VO2 peak three days/week. After four weeks of intervention, post-testing took place, which was identical to baseline testing. Results from this study suggest HIIT was just as effective as endurance training at improving 2k time (mean ± SD; HIIT: 498.7 ± 23.1; Endurance: 497.5 ± 17.6). There were no significant within or between group differences in VO2 peak post-intervention (mean ± SD; HIIT: 44.8 ± 4.0; Endurance: 45.8 ± 5.6). The current study suggests four-weeks of HIIT training can yield similar adaptations in performance when compared to endurance training.
A Randomized Control Trial Of A High Intensity Interval Training Program On Psychological Outcomes
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Author : Richard Lewis Young
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
A Randomized Control Trial Of A High Intensity Interval Training Program On Psychological Outcomes written by Richard Lewis Young and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The aim of this study was to determine if contrasting forms of exercise intensities promote differing psychological outcomes that bolster tolerance and recovery from acute distressing events through the cross-stressor adaptation. Repeated successions of physiologic stress that accompanies exercise may result in neurobiological adaptations that lead to a reduction in sensitivity to subsequent similar stimuli. These adaptations may also lead to the reduction in differing stimuli, such as a distressful event. Therefore, the intent of the study was to determine if high intensity interval training compared to moderate intensity continuous training lead to contrasting psychological and physiological outcomes when exposed to acute distress. Twenty -five participants between 18-55 years of age were randomized into high intensity interval training or moderate intensity continuous training for 6 weeks with 3 exercise sessions per week. Before exercise intervention, participants were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) while Blood Pressure (BP) and Heart Rate (HR) were monitored and salivary cortisol (SA) samples taken directly before and after the TSST. Additionally, Perceived Stress Scale -10 (PSS-10), and Strait Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were completed by each participant. The same procedures were conducted post intervention to determine approximate change. There was no significant difference between group comparisons for PSS-10, STAI, BP, or SA. However when comparing measures across time for both groups together as an independent variable, there was significant difference in the aforementioned excluding only BP. Additionally there was significant difference in HIIT HR during TSST and a more robust SA response to stress compared to MICT across 4 measure collecting periods (29.3% +/- .026) suggesting that exercise supports cross stressor adaptation to heterolytic stress and that HIIT is as efficacious as MICT showing trends towards significant differences. There can be many pre-existing provisions that contribute to an individual's ability to tolerate distressing pressure that include personality, a challenge mindset, and a facilitative environment. Exercise may additionally help facilitate this recipe for stress resilience. Data from this study may directly impact the current methods prescribed for stress tolerance and recovery, and can lead to additional queries investigating the mechanisms that drive stress perception.
The Effects Of A Three Week High Intensity Interval Training Program On Fitness Related Parameters Among 3 Different Populations From North China
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Author : Linghao Kong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Effects Of A Three Week High Intensity Interval Training Program On Fitness Related Parameters Among 3 Different Populations From North China written by Linghao Kong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of a 3-week High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on fitness-related parameters (peak heart rate, peak Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), V ̇O2peak, time to exhaustion, and lactate threshold) among three different populations (healthy inactive, healthy active, prehypertension in China). In addition, resting blood pressure was also measured before and after the 3-week HIIT program. Males (N = 30; age = 18 - 30 years) were assigned to three groups according to the recruitment criteria. Six 2 (Time) x 3 (Group) mixed factorial ANOVAs were performed to determine if differences existed in the six dependent variables. Regardless of the group difference, significant main effects were found for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, V ̇O2peak, time to exhaustion, and lactate threshold for test occasions. No significant interaction effects were found for any variables, no significant main effects were found for peak RPE and peak heart rate. A 3-week HIIT intervention lowered resting blood pressure, while increasing time to exhaustion, lactate threshold, and V ̇O2peak for all three different groups included. Peak heart rate and peak RPE were unchanged.