Shifting Cultivation And Environmental Change
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Shifting Cultivation And Environmental Change
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Author : Malcolm F. Cairns
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-01-09
Shifting Cultivation And Environmental Change written by Malcolm F. Cairns and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-09 with Nature categories.
Shifting cultivation is one of the oldest forms of subsistence agriculture and is still practised by millions of poor people in the tropics. Typically it involves clearing land (often forest) for the growing of crops for a few years, and then moving on to new sites, leaving the earlier ground fallow to regain its soil fertility. This book brings together the best of science and farmer experimentation, vividly illustrating the enormous diversity of shifting cultivation systems as well as the power of human ingenuity. Some critics have tended to disparage shifting cultivation (sometimes called 'swidden cultivation' or 'slash-and-burn agriculture') as unsustainable due to its supposed role in deforestation and land degradation. However, the book shows that such indigenous practices, as they have evolved over time, can be highly adaptive to land and ecology. In contrast, 'scientific' agricultural solutions imposed from outside can be far more damaging to the environment and local communities. The book focuses on successful agricultural strategies of upland farmers, particularly in south and south-east Asia, and presents over 50 contributions by scholars from around the world and from various disciplines, including agricultural economics, ecology and anthropology. It is a sequel to the much praised "Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming" (RFF Press, 2007), but all chapters are completely new and there is a greater emphasis on the contemporary challenges of climate change and biodiversity conservation.
Shifting Cultivation Policies
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Author : Malcolm Cairns
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2017-11-13
Shifting Cultivation Policies written by Malcolm Cairns and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Shifting cultivation supports around 200 million people in the Asia-Pacific region alone. It is often regarded as a primitive and inefficient form of agriculture that destroys forests, causes soil erosion and robs lowland areas of water. These misconceptions and their policy implications need to be challenged. Swidden farming could support carbon sequestration and conservation of land, biodiversity and cultural heritage. This comprehensive analysis of past and present policy highlights successes and failures and emphasizes the importance of getting it right for the future. This book is enhanced with supplementary resources. The addendum chapters can be found at: www.cabi.org/openresources/91797
Agriculture And Environmental Change
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Author : A. M. Mannion
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995-12-05
Agriculture And Environmental Change written by A. M. Mannion and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-05 with Science categories.
This textbook defines the complex nature of agriculture in the context of environmental constraints and social stimuli. Attention is paid to plant and animal domestication, and to the subsequent spread of agricultural systems worldwide
Shifting Cultivation Policies
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Author : Malcolm Cairns
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2017-11-13
Shifting Cultivation Policies written by Malcolm Cairns and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Shifting cultivation supports around 200 million people in the Asia-Pacific region alone. It is often regarded as a primitive and inefficient form of agriculture that destroys forests, causes soil erosion and robs lowland areas of water. These misconceptions and their policy implications need to be challenged. Swidden farming could support carbon sequestration and conservation of land, biodiversity and cultural heritage. This comprehensive analysis of past and present policy highlights successes and failures and emphasizes the importance of getting it right for the future. This book is enhanced with supplementary resources. The addendum chapters can be found at: www.cabi.org/openresources/91797
Climate Change Shifting Cultivation And Livelihood Vulnerabilities In India
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Author : Niranjan Roy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Climate Change Shifting Cultivation And Livelihood Vulnerabilities In India written by Niranjan Roy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The Diversity And Dynamics Of Shifting Cultivation
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Author : Lori Ann Thrupp
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Diversity And Dynamics Of Shifting Cultivation written by Lori Ann Thrupp and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
Economic And Ecological Implications Of Shifting Cultivation In Mizoram India
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Author : Vishwambhar Prasad Sati
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-12-11
Economic And Ecological Implications Of Shifting Cultivation In Mizoram India written by Vishwambhar Prasad Sati and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-11 with Science categories.
This book presents the first empirically tested, comprehensive study on shifting cultivation in Mizoram. Shifting cultivation is a unique and centuries-old practice carried out by the people of Mizoram in Northeast India. Today, it is a non-economic activity as it does not produce sufficient crops, and as a result, the area under shifting cultivation is decreasing. Such cultivation leads to the burning and degradation of vast areas of forestland and therefore has adverse impacts on the floral and faunal resources. This book is a valuable resource for government workers, policymakers, academics, farmers and those who are directly or indirectly associated with practical farming, or with framing and implementing policies. It is equally important to master’s and Ph.D. students of geography, resource management, development, and environmental studies who are involved in research and development.
Environmental Change In South East Asia
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Author : Raymond Bryant
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-08-03
Environmental Change In South East Asia written by Raymond Bryant and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-03 with Science categories.
Environmental Change in South-East Asia brings together scholars, journalists, consultants and NGO activists to explore the interaction of people, politics and ecology. Ostensibly "green" activities - plantation forestry, eco-tourism, hydro-electricity - are revealed as guises used by elites to promote their own political and economic interests. Highlighting fatal flaws in presently exclusive economic and ecological approaches, the authors stress that neither the quest for sustainable development nor the process of environmental change itself can be understood without reference to political processes.
The Last Frontier People And Forests In Mizoram
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Author : Daman Singh
language : en
Publisher: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Release Date : 1996-01-18
The Last Frontier People And Forests In Mizoram written by Daman Singh and has been published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-18 with Business & Economics categories.
The last frontier: people and forests in Mizoram details the relationship between the people and their environment, and between the environment and development. It is set in Mizoram, one of the seven states of the ecologically complex north-eastern region, a land where society and culture present a fascinating blend of tradition and modernity whose history and polity varies from that of most other parts of India. The book traces the environmental history of Mizoram, beginning in the nineteenth century, through colonial rule and into the post-Independence period. It examines the nature of biophysical resources and the influence of human activities on them. Finally, the management of forests by people and the state is analysed, including a detailed discussion on the system of shifting cultivation. Table of Contents: List of figures List of tables Foreword by Dr T N Khoshoo Preface Introduction: The last frontier Part I: An environmental history of Mizoram Chapter 1: The regime of village republics Settlement in the Lushai hills The supremacy of the village chief Forests: abode of the spirits Shifting cultivation or jhum The influence of people on their environment Parameters of resource use Chapter 2: British occupation of the Lushai Hills Compulsions for conquest Economic importance of the Lushai Hills Instruments of insulation The system of administration The new socio-religious order Ecological implications of political events Chapter 3: Forests and fields: colonial land use policy State control over forests The system of commercial extraction of forest produce Revenue from forests The traders’ lobby Game versus vermin The continuance of shifting cultivation New farming methods The drift of public policy Chapter 4: The creation of Mizoram The route to self rule A limited taste of freedom The struggle for Independence From Union Territory to State Isolation, alienation, and regionalism Public participation in governance Legitimizing shifting cultivation Forests for the people Implications for resource use Chapter 5: The roots of environmental change Religion Education Community relations Growth and distribution of population Occupational mobility Urbanization Land use policies Part II: Management of resources: between people and the State Chapter 6: Physiography, land cover, and land use Geomorphology Land forms Climate Soils Types of vegetation cover Land use Chapter 7: Forests, their form and features The extent of forests Basic characteristics The quality of forest resources The wood and bamboo balance Chapter 8: Keepers of the forest The existence of village forest reserves Norms governing village forests Changes in area of village forests Availability of forest produce Control by the village council Imperatives of local management Forests in the hands of the State The incidence of encroachment Regulating commercial use of forests Afforestation programmes Imperatives of governmental management Chapter 9: How shifting cultivation works The element of collectivity Community management of shifting cultivation Preferred sites for j humming Allotment of jhum plots Clearing the forest Burning Sowing Weeding Harvesting The element of uncertainty Chapter 10: The tenacity of shifting cultivation The village scenario The dependence on shifting cultivation The duration of jhum cycles Levels of productivity Chapter 11: The environmental impact of shifting cultivation The post-jhum ecosystem Effect on biodiversity Climatic change due to deforestation Floods in the plains The role of fire - Soil erosion and run-off Sustainability of productivity Myth, conjecture, and reality Chapter 12: The new land use policy · A review of past strategies · The old New Land Use Policy · The Jhum Control Project · Changes in the New Land Use Policy · The alternative to shifting cultivation Conclusion: People and forests in Mizoram Appendices 1. Reserved tree species in the Lushai Hills 2. Domestic animals killed by wild animals in the North Lushai Hills as reported by village writers 3. The Lushai Hills District (Jhumming) Regulation, 1954 4. The Mizo District (Forest) Act, 1954 5. Socio-economic data of Mizoram 6. Agricultural statistics 7. Distribution of slope categories for select river catchments 8. Physical characteristics of soils in Mizoram 9. Tree species found in major forest types 10. Nature of slopes used in shifting cultivation 11. Percentage shares of land use categories in Mizoram 12. General characteristics of vegetation cover in Mizoram 13. Vegetation cover by strata 14. Growing stock per hectare by strata 15. Percentage distribution of stems per hectare by diameter class 16. Major species contributing to basal area in each stratum 17. Wood and bamboo consumption 18. The existence of village forest reserves 19. Changes in the extent of village forest reserves 20. Availability of trees and bamboos for domestic use 21. Detection of offences committed in safety and supply reserves 22. Revenue from forests 23. Carrying capacity of land under shifting cultivation: Mampui and Sairep village (1962) 24. Jhum cycles in Mizoram 25. Shifting cultivation in sample villages 26. Pattern of secondary succession after jhumming at Burnihat 27. Soil and water losses due to shifting cultivation 28. Farming systems research by ICAR RCNEHR (Shillong) at Burnihat: 1976-89 29. Rice production in Mizoram 30. Promising crops for cultivation in the north-eastern region References Index List of figures 1. The location of Mizoram and the north-eastern region in India 2. Territories occupied by Mizo tribes before the British rule 3. The location of places mentioned in chapter 2 and chapter 3 4. Mizoram: geology 5. Mizoram: rivers 6. Mizoram: soil nutrient status 7. Mizoram: forest reserves List of tables Revenue obtained from the hill areas of Eastern Bengal and Assam, 1903-04 Receipts from forests of the Lushai hills district (in rupees, annas, paise) Number of wild animals killed for which rewards were paid: 1943-44 to 1947-48 Percentage of literacy by sea Percentage distribution of total main workers * (approximate estimate based on 1991 census) Area under different categories of slope The pattern of land use in Mizoram (1987-89) Average soil loss and affected area (estimated for five catchments) Extent of vegetation cover in Mizoram (1975-76) Land use and land cover by thematic mapping (1989) District-wise extent of forest (1987-89) The extent of forests by different sources The extent of vegetation cover by type Growing stock of trees and bamboo by strata Species diversity of strata The legal status of forest Family labour involved in clearing forest Gross village income by source in Hmunpui (1964-65) Output-input ratios of cultivation Early succession at Burnihat and Sesawng Coverage of the New Land Use Policy
Sustainable Agriculture And The Environment
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Author : Vernon W Ruttan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-07-11
Sustainable Agriculture And The Environment written by Vernon W Ruttan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-11 with Science categories.
This book explores the resource and environmental constraints on sustainable growth in agricultural production into the middle of the twenty-first century. It presents contemporary concerns with the implications of natural resource availability and environmental change.