Shock Induced Graphite To Diamond Transformation
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Shock Induced Graphite To Diamond Transformation
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Author : Travis Jay Volz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Shock Induced Graphite To Diamond Transformation written by Travis Jay Volz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Diamonds categories.
Plane shock wave experiments were performed on graphite samples to examine the effects of initial crystal structure and microstructure on the shock-induced graphite to diamond phase transformation. Three graphite types, with a range of microstructures, were studied: as-deposited pyrolytic graphite (PG), ZYH-grade highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and ZYB-grade HOPG. Three types of plate impact experiments were used to quantify the transformation processes and the high pressure phases achieved for each graphite type.Laser interferometry was used to measure shock speeds and transmitted wave profiles during shock compression. Transformation stresses, peak states, and transformation timescales were determined for each graphite type from these data. Wave transmission experiments showed that the ZYB and ZYH-grade HOPG have comparable wave structures above the ~22 GPa transformation stress. In PG, the phase transition occurs at ~46 GPa, more than double the HOPG transition stress. For all graphite types, regardless of microstructure, rapid transformations were observed and the peak states were consistent with the diamond response.Real-time in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were used to probe the crystal structures during shock compression below and above the phase transformation stress for each graphite type. Ambient XRD data showed significant differences between HOPG and PG: HOPG crystallites had a hexagonal graphite structure, whereas PG crystallites had a more disordered turbostratic carbon structure. Below their respective phase transformation stresses, XRD measurements on each graphite type showed compression mainly along the crystallite c-axis. Above the phase transformation stresses, XRD measurements on both HOPG types showed the unambiguous transformation to hexagonal diamond (HD); in contrast, XRD measurements on PG showed the formation of nanocrystalline cubic diamond (CD). Front-surface impact experiments were used to measure the sound speeds in the peak states for each graphite type and to establish the longitudinal moduli of the high pressure phases in the shocked state. The longitudinal moduli of the HD phases formed from HOPG were significantly larger than ambient elastic CD values showing that HD is stiffer than ambient CD. The longitudinal moduli of the CD phases formed from PG were consistent with or slightly lower than ambient CD values.
The Shock Induced Transformation Of Graphite To Diamond
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Author : D. G. Morris
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
The Shock Induced Transformation Of Graphite To Diamond written by D. G. Morris and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
Shock Induced Chemistry
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Author : Toshimori Sekine
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Shock Induced Chemistry written by Toshimori Sekine and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Cathodoluminescence And Its Application In The Planetary Sciences
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Author : Arnold Gucsik
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-11-14
Cathodoluminescence And Its Application In The Planetary Sciences written by Arnold Gucsik and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-14 with Science categories.
Cathodoluminescence microscopy/spectroscopy is a powerful technique providing detailed information on the shock metamorphism of target rocks, biosignatures of meteorites and mineralogy of the pre-solar grains. Moreover, it can be used as an in-situ method to classify the solid-atmospheric-liquid interactions on the surface of Mars.
High Pressure Phenomena
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Author : R.J. Hemley
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2002-11-29
High Pressure Phenomena written by R.J. Hemley and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-29 with Science categories.
In many respects, the science of materials has only fully utilized two of its three fundamental tools - the variables of temperature and chemical composition. Pressure, the third fundamental variable altering materials, is in many ways the most remarkable, as it spans some 60 orders of magnitude in the universe. High-pressure science has experienced tremendous growth, particularly in the last few years. With recent developments in static and dynamic compression techniques, extreme pressure and temperature conditions can now be produced and carefully controlled over a wide range. Moreover, a new generation of analytical probes, many based on third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, have been developed and can now be applied for accurate determination of the structural, dynamical, and electronic properties of matter under extreme conditions. Finally, developments in computational techniques and advances in fundamental theory tested against bountiful new experimental results are both deepening our understanding of materials as a whole and guiding subsequent experimental work with new predictions. It was for this reason that this course on high-pressure science was held at the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" School in July 2001. Though presented in a physics forum, the title “High-Pressure Phenomena” was chosen to reflect the broad scope of the field and the diversity of recent findings. Indeed, the field spans fundamental physics and chemistry, materials science and technology, the geosciences, planetary science and astrophysics, as well as biology. The highly interdisciplinary character of the field was central to the organization of the school, though the sheer breadth of the field meant that many topics could be treated in only a cursory fashion while others were examined more in depth. The aim of the school was to present the state-of-the-art in techniques used in modern high-pressure research, highlighting those topics where applications of these techniques are currently having a major impact.
Progress In Advanced Structural And Functional Materials Design
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Author : Tomoyuki Kakeshita
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-29
Progress In Advanced Structural And Functional Materials Design written by Tomoyuki Kakeshita and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes clearly various research topics investigated for these 10 years in the Research Center of Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design in Osaka University, Japan. Every chapter is aimed at understanding most advanced researches in materials science by describing its fundamentals and details as much as possible. Since both general explanations and cutting-edge commentaries are given for each topic in this book, it provides a lot of useful information for ordinary readers as well as materials scientists & engineers who wish to understand the future development in materials science fields of metals, alloys, ceramics, semiconductors etc. In particular, this book deals with special fusion area of structural and functional materials such as medical bone materials, of which contents are very unique features as materials science textbook.
Shock Compression Of Condensed Matter 1991
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Author : S.C. Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-07-29
Shock Compression Of Condensed Matter 1991 written by S.C. Schmidt and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-29 with Science categories.
The papers collected together in this volume constitute a review of recent research on the response of condensed matter to dynamic high pressures and temperatures. Inlcuded are sections on equations of state, phase transitions, material properties, explosive behavior, measurement techniques, and optical and laser studies. Recent developments in this area such as studies of impact and penetration phenomenology, the development of materials, especially ceramics and molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations are also covered. These latest advances, in addition to the many other results and topics covered by the authors, serve to make this volume the most authoritative source for the shock wave physics community.
Large Meteorite Impacts Iii
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Author : Thomas Kenkmann
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Large Meteorite Impacts Iii written by Thomas Kenkmann and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Science categories.
"The third volume of the series “Large Meteorite Impacts” provides an updated and comprehensive overview of modern impact crater research. In 26 chapters, more than 90 authors from Europe, the United States, Russia, Canada, and South Africa give a balanced, firsthand account of the multidisciplinary field of cratering science, with reports on field studies, geophysical analyses, and experimental and numerical simulations. Nine chapters focus on structure, geophysics, and cratering motions of terrestrial craters. Recent advances in impact ejecta studies and shock metamorphism are assembled, each with seven chapters, and three chapters extend the scope from a terrestrial to a planetary perspective."--pub. desc.
Impact Cratering
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Author : G. R. Osinski
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-10-17
Impact Cratering written by G. R. Osinski and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-17 with Science categories.
Impact cratering is arguably the most ubiquitous geological process in the Solar System. It has played an important role in Earth’s history, shaping the geological landscape, affecting the evolution of life, and generating economic resources. However, it was only in the latter half of the 20th century that the importance of impact cratering as a geological process was recognized and only during the past couple of decades that the study of meteorite impact structures has moved into the mainstream. This book seeks to fill a critical gap in the literature by providing an overview text covering broad aspects of the impact cratering process and aimed at graduate students, professionals and researchers alike. It introduces readers to the threat and nature of impactors, the impact cratering process, the products, and the effects – both destructive and beneficial. A series of chapters on the various techniques used to study impact craters provide a foundation for anyone studying impact craters for the first time.
Shock Wave Phenomena And The Properties Of Condensed Matter
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Author : Gennady I. Kanel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Shock Wave Phenomena And The Properties Of Condensed Matter written by Gennady I. Kanel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
One of the main goals of investigations of shock-wave phenomena in condensed matter is to develop methods for predicting effects of explosions, high-velocity collisions, and other kinds of intense dynamic loading of materials and structures. Based on the results of international research conducted over the past 30 years, this book is addressed not only to experts in shock-wave physics, but also to interested representatives from adjacent fields of activity and to students who seek an introduction to the current issues.