Should Law Enforcement Be Privatized
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The Privatization Of Policing
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Author : Brian Forst
language : en
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Release Date : 1999
The Privatization Of Policing written by Brian Forst and has been published by Georgetown University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Political Science categories.
In this critique of privatization, Manning focuses on issues of free market theory and management practices such as total quality management that he believes are harmful to the traditional police mandate to control crime. He questions the appropriateness of strategies that emphasize service to consumers. For Forst, the free market paradigm and economic incentives do not carry the same stigma. He argues that neither public nor private policing should have a monopoly on law enforcement activities, and he predicts an even more varied mix of public and private police activities than are currently available. Following the two main sections of the book, each author assesses the other's contribution, reflecting on not just their points of departure but also on the areas in which they agree.
The Privatization Of Police In America
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Author : James F. Pastor
language : en
Publisher: McFarland
Release Date : 2015-09-17
The Privatization Of Police In America written by James F. Pastor and has been published by McFarland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-17 with Social Science categories.
Today the private security industry employs approximately 1.5 million people and spends over $52 billion annually. In contrast, public police forces employ approximately 600,000 people and spend $30 billion annually. Private policing promises to be a big part of the response to today's increased security concerns, as citizens realize that security is much more than the presence of guards and the perception of safety. This book addresses the impact and implications of private policing on public streets, and begins with a look at private policing from conceptual, historical, economic, legal and functional perspectives. These approaches provide the background for the text, which focuses on a private policing patrol program in a community on the south side of Chicago. The text also demonstrates a number of substantive legal and public policy issues which directly or indirectly relate to the provision of security services; some people see the need for a "dual system" of policing--one for the wealthy and one for the poor--and others see the provision of private security as the primary protective resource in contemporary America. The author also examines how private policing is different from and similar to public policing.
To Serve And Protect
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Author : Bruce L. Benson
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 1998-08-01
To Serve And Protect written by Bruce L. Benson and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-01 with Law categories.
Traces the accelerating trend towards privatization in the criminal justice system In contrast to government's predominant role in criminal justice today, for many centuries crime control was almost entirely private and community-based. Government police forces, prosecutors, courts, and prisons are all recent historical developments–results of a political and bureaucratic social experiment which, Bruce Benson argues, neither protects the innocent nor dispenses justice. In this comprehensive and timely book, Benson analyzes the accelerating trend toward privatization in the criminal justice system. In so doing, To Serve and Protect challenges and transcends both liberal and conservative policies that have supported government's pervasive role. With lucidity and rigor, he examines the gamut of private-sector input to criminal justice–from private-sector outsourcing of prisons and corrections, security, arbitration to full "private justice" such as business and community-imposed sanctions and citizen crime prevention. Searching for the most cost-effective methods of reducing crime and protecting civil liberties, Benson weighs the benefits and liabilities of various levels of privatization, offering correctives for the current gridlock that will make criminal justice truly accountable to the citizenry and will simultaneously result in reductions in the unchecked power of government.
The Future Of Privatizing Nonessential Police Services In California Law Enforcement Agencies
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Author : Marty L. West
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Future Of Privatizing Nonessential Police Services In California Law Enforcement Agencies written by Marty L. West and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Police categories.
The feasibility of contracting out specific nonessential police services and the effect on the future of California law enforcement was examined using the Fresno Police Department as a model. Nonessential police services included parking enforcement, burglary alarm response, completion of minor incident reports, investigation and reporting of non-injury traffic accidents, prisoner transportation, guarding prisoners at hospitals, and the arrest and transportation of shoplifting suspects to detention facilities. The Nominal Group technique was used to gather data and project future events and trends concerning issues of the future capability of local law enforcement to provide nonessential police services by 2001, types of nonessential police services private industry will be providing to the public by the year 2001, and cost-effectiveness of privatization of nonessential police services. The study showed that California law enforcement agencies could benefit from contracting out essential police services. In particular privatization would reduce personnel expenditures, with up to 51 percent salary savings as well as problems associated with costs of recruiting, training, and disciplining in-house employees involved in the performance of nonessential tasks. The money saved could be used to fight violent crime, drug related problems, and other community concerns.
Privatizing Correctional Institutions
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Author : Gary W. Bowman
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-04-14
Privatizing Correctional Institutions written by Gary W. Bowman and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-14 with Social Science categories.
With more than one million people behind bars, the United States imprisons a larger share of its population than any other industrialized nation. This has precipitated a serious overcrowding problem with federal and state prisons currently operating well beyond capacity. Conventional efforts appear unable to cope with the increasing shortage of beds or with inadequate rehabilitation services. A bold solution is required; increasingly it is being seen to reside in the private sector. This timely volume explores the issues of private versus public financing, construction, and management of medium-and high-security prisons.Private prisons are not a new concept in the United States. They have existed in several forms since the eighteenth century. The opening chapters evaluate historical cases of prisons for profit, examining the concerns of labor, abuses of inmates, and the source and resolution of disputes between private and public sectors. These chapters argue that the experience gained through privatization does not justify current opposition from civil libertarians or labor unions.Chapters dealing with the modern contracting out of complete management and limited services document the growing trend toward privatization and instances of public/private partnership in prison industries.The assembled evidence indicates clearly that privately run prisons have shown significant cost savings and good quality of provision for prisoners while still being profitable. However, the authors caution that these promising results must be reinforced by public safeguards in the contracting stage and monitoring to assure good service and security. With the American prison system in disarray, the public interest demands that government look beyond the public or private identity of those who wish to provide correctional services and focus instead on who can provide the best services at a given cost. It is essential to state that correctional services should attain several objectives and not merely cost minimization. The analysis and recommendations presented here will aid in the task. Privatizing Correctional Institutions will be of interest to law-enforcement officials, public policy analysts, penologists, and criminologists.
Plural Policing
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Author : Trevor Jones
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2006
Plural Policing written by Trevor Jones and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Community policing categories.
Policing is changing rapidly and radically. A growing body of research is concerned with the development of 'plural policing' provided by a range of public, private and municipal bodies. This book will provide the most up-to-date work of reference for scholars in this field.
Private Security Public Order
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Author : Simon Chesterman
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2009-11-05
Private Security Public Order written by Simon Chesterman and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-05 with Law categories.
Private actors are increasingly taking on roles traditionally arrogated to the state. Both in the industrialized North and the developing South, functions essential to external and internal security and to the satisfaction of basic human needs are routinely contracted out to non-state agents. In the area of privatization of security functions, attention by academics and policy makers tends to focus on the activities of private military and security companies, especially in the context of armed conflicts, and their impact on human rights and post-conflict stability and reconstruction. The first edited volume emerging from New York University School of Law's Institute for International Justice project on private military and security companies, From Mercenaries to Market: The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies broadened this debate to situate the private military phenomenon in the context of moves towards the regulation of activities through market and non-market mechanisms. Where that first volume looked at the emerging market for use of force, this second volume looks at the transformations in the nature of state authority. Drawing on insights from work on privatization, regulation, and accountability in the emerging field of global administrative law, the book examines private military and security companies through the wider lens of private actors performing public functions. In the past two decades, the responsibilities delegated to such actors - especially but not only in the United States - have grown exponentially. The central question of this volume is whether there should be any limits on government capacity to outsource traditionally "public" functions. Can and should a government put out to private tender the fulfilment of military, intelligence, and prison services? Can and should it transfer control of utilities essential to life, such as the supply of water? This discussion incorporates numerous perspectives on regulatory and governance issues in the private provision of public functions, but focuses primarily on private actors offering services that impact the fundamental rights of the affected population.
Consumer Involvement In Private Eu Competition Law Enforcement
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Author : Maria Ioannidou
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2015
Consumer Involvement In Private Eu Competition Law Enforcement written by Maria Ioannidou and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Law categories.
This book is a timely and comprehensive examination of consumer participation in EU competition law enforcement. Using in-depth analysis of recent case law and policy documents, it offers a clear and innovative framework of the subject's normative and practical aspects, and proposes necessary remedial and procedural rules to enable participation.
Should Law Enforcement Be Privatized
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Author : Marco Salm
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010
Should Law Enforcement Be Privatized written by Marco Salm and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich VWL - Umweltökonomie, Note: 2,0, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Max-Weber-Institut), Veranstaltung: Umweltökonomik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Unser derzeitiges Recht wird sowohl auf privater als auch auf öffentlicher Ebene durchgesetzt. Dieses System hat sich im Verlauf der Zeit stark gewandelt. Während im Mittelalter überwiegend öffentlich Recht durchgesetzt wurde - durch Kaiser, Könige, Gutsherren - wird die Durchsetzung des Rechts heutzutage auch durch private Elemente geprägt - Rechtsanwälte, Privatdetektive sowie Sicherheitsfirmen. Darüber hinaus ist ein Wandel im Umfang gesetzlicher Bestimmungen zu verzeichnen. Das Auftreten neuer Umweltrisiken, die dynamische technische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, ein verändertes Umweltbewusstsein und andere Faktoren haben dazu geführt, dass der Umfang des Umweltrechts in den letzten 30 Jahren stetig angewachsen ist. In dem Maße in dem die Verordnungen im Umweltrecht zugenommen haben, steigen die Anreize diese zu brechen und die Notwendigkeit, die Einhaltung dieser Verordnungen zu kontrollieren. Die bisher verfügbare ökonomische Analyse der Befolgung eines Gesetzes steht im Kontext der Ökonomie der Kriminalität ("Economics of Crime"). Die Ökonomie der Kriminalität hat zum Ziel, das Kalkül eines rationellen Straftäters zu analysieren um im Folgenden eine optimale Abwehrstrategie zu identifizieren. Hierfür stehen dem Staat zwei Kontrollmechanismen, die Höhe der Aufdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit und die Höhe der Bestrafung zur Verfügung. Da gerade bei Umweltdelikten oftmals keine direkte Opfer- Täter- Beziehung existiert, wird eine Durchsetzung des Rechts erschwert. Auch öffentlich bereitgestellte Ressourcen zur Kontrolle der Umweltvorschriften, die einer Knappheitsrestriktion unterliegen, bzw. mit alternativen Verwendungen des Leistungsstaates konkurrieren, erschwert eine optimale öffentliche Rechtsdurchsetzung. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob eine vermehrt private Kontroll
The Private Enforcement Of Law
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Author : William M. Landes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
The Private Enforcement Of Law written by William M. Landes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Law enforcement categories.
An important question in the economic study of enforcement is the appropriate, and the actual, division of responsibilities between public and private enforcers. This question has been brought into sharp focus recently by an article in which Gary Becker and George Stigler advocate the privatization of law enforcement. In the present article, we explore the idea that the area in which private enforcement is in fact clearly preferable to public enforcement on efficiency grounds is more restricted than Becker and Stigler believe; perhaps the existing division of enforcement between the public and private sectors approximates the optimal division. Part I develops an economic model of competitive, profit-maximizing private enforcement. The model predicts the level of enforcement and the number of offenses that would occur in a world of exclusively private enforcement. Part II refines the model to account for the presence of monopoly in the private enforcement industry, different assignments of property rights in legal claims, the effect of taxing private enforcers, nonmonetary penalties, and legal errors - elements ignored in the initial development of the model in Part I. Part III contrasts our model with other economic approaches to the enforcement question. Part IV presents a number of positive implications of the model, relating to the choice between public and private enforcement of criminal versus civil laws, the assignment of exclusive rights to the victims of offenses, the budgets of public agencies, the discretionary nonenforcement of the law, and the legal treatment of blackmail and bribery. The positive implications of the model appear to be consistent with observations of the real world, although the findings in Part IV must be regarded as highly tentative. An appendix discusses the economics of rewards - an important method of compensating private enforcers.