Signal Detection Theory And Roc Analysis In Psychology And Diagnostics
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Signal Detection Theory And Roc Analysis In Psychology And Diagnostics
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Author : John A. Swets
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Signal Detection Theory And Roc Analysis In Psychology And Diagnostics written by John A. Swets and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Psychology categories.
Signal detection theory--as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory--was first applied to human sensory discrimination 40 years ago. The theoretical intent was to provide a valid model of the discrimination process; the methodological intent was to provide reliable measures of discrimination acuity in specific sensory tasks. An analytic method of detection theory, called the relative operating characteristic (ROC), can isolate the effect of the placement of the decision criterion, which may be variable and idiosyncratic, so that a pure measure of intrinsic discrimination acuity is obtained. For the past 20 years, ROC analysis has also been used to measure the discrimination acuity or inherent accuracy of a broad range of practical diagnostic systems. It was widely adopted by methodologists in the field of information retrieval, is increasingly used in weather forecasting, and is the generally preferred method in clinical medicine, primarily in radiology. This book attends to both themes, ROC analysis in the psychology laboratory and in practical diagnostic settings, and to their essential unity. The focus of this book is on detection and recognition as fundamental tasks that underlie most complex behaviors. As defined here, they serve to distinguish between two alternative, confusable stimulus categories, which may be perceptual or cognitive categories in the psychology laboratory, or different states of the world in practical diagnostic tasks. This book on signal detection theory in psychology was written by one of the developers of the theory, who co-authored with D.M. Green the classic work published in this area in 1966 (reprinted in 1974 and 1988). This volume reviews the history of the theory in engineering, statistics, and psychology, leading to the separate measurement of the two independent factors in all discrimination tasks, discrimination acuity and decision criterion. It extends the previous book to show how in several areas of psychology--in vigilance and memory--what had been thought to be discrimination effects were, in reality, effects of a changing criterion. The book shows that data plotted in terms of the relative operating characteristic have essentially the same form across the wide range of discrimination tasks in psychology. It develops the implications of this ROC form for measures of discrimination acuity, pointing up the valid ones and identifying several common, but invalid, ones. The area under the binormal ROC is seen to be supported by the data; the popular measures d' and percent correct are not. An appendix describes the best, current programs for fitting ROCs and estimating their parameters, indices, and standard errors. The application of ROC analysis to diagnostic tasks is also described. Diagnostic accuracy in a wide range of tasks can be expressed in terms of the ROC area index. Choosing the appropriate decision criterion for a given diagnostic setting--rather than considering some single criterion to be natural and fixed--has a major impact on the efficacy of a diagnostic process or system. Illustrated here by separate chapters are diagnostic systems in radiology, information retrieval, aptitude testing, survey research, and environments in which imminent dangerous conditions must be detected. Data from weather forecasting, blood testing, and polygraph lie detection are also reported. One of these chapters describes a general approach to enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic systems.
Detection Theory
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Author : Michael J. Hautus
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-09-27
Detection Theory written by Michael J. Hautus and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-27 with Psychology categories.
Detection Theory: A User’s Guide is an introduction to one of the most important tools for the analysis of data where choices must be made and performance is not perfect. In these cases, detection theory can transform judgments about subjective experiences, such as perceptions and memories, into quantitative data ready for analysis and modeling. For beginners, the first three chapters introduce measuring detection and discrimination, evaluating decision criteria, and the utility of receiver operating characteristics. Later chapters cover more advanced research paradigms, including: complete tools for application, including flowcharts, tables, and software; student-friendly language; complete coverage of content area, including both one-dimensional and multidimensional models; integrated treatment of threshold and nonparametric approaches; an organized, tutorial level introduction to multidimensional detection theory; and popular discrimination paradigms presented as applications of multidimensional detection theory. This modern summary of signal detection theory is both a self-contained reference work for users and a readable text for graduate students and researchers learning the material either in courses or on their own.
Human Factors In The U S Railroad Industry
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Author : Thomas G. Raslear
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2025-03-13
Human Factors In The U S Railroad Industry written by Thomas G. Raslear and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
At the heart of the U.S. Railroad Industry are human operators who continue to make it work and operate. However, humans are susceptible to error, fatigue, and risky behaviors. Understanding how these impact the safety of the industry remains a crucial topic to be studied. Human Factors in the U.S. Railroad Industry investigates the human factor behind one of the world’s biggest railway networks and synthesizes the body of research that has been produced by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) on Human Factors in the Railroad industry since 1993. During that time, over 120 FRA reports were published on topics such as accident analysis, grade crossing safety and trespassing, working conditions and ergonomics, employee fatigue, safety culture, and track inspection. This book organizes this body of work into topic areas that correspond to Moray’s Sociotechnical System (2006) to provide a comprehensive way to understand the relationship between policy, organizational culture, and system safety. It discusses tools such as risk exposure, signal detection theory, and program evaluation that have been applied to railroad projects and can be used to improve future railroad and transportation research. It provides a synthesis of the reports across topic areas such as fatigue, ergonomics, and safety culture that are currently important within the wider human factors transportation research community. The reader will develop an understanding of a “human-centered systems” approach to the railroad industry, which focuses on human capabilities and limitations with respect to human/system interfaces, operations, system integration, and organizational influences on safety. Human Factors in the U.S. Railroad Industry will appeal to researchers, academics, students, and professionals interested in human factors, railway engineering, civil engineering, and industrial engineering.
The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia Of Psychology And Behavioral Science
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Author : W. Edward Craighead
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2004-04-12
The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia Of Psychology And Behavioral Science written by W. Edward Craighead and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-12 with Psychology categories.
Edited by high caliber experts, and contributed to by quality researchers and practitioners in psychology and related fields. Includes over 500 topical entries Each entry features suggested readings and extensive cross-referencing Accessible to students and general readers Edited by two outstanding scholars and clinicians
Encyclopedia Of Case Study Research
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Author : Albert J. Mills
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2010
Encyclopedia Of Case Study Research written by Albert J. Mills and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Reference categories.
This is the authoritative reference work in the field. An interdisciplinary set, it investigates the extensive history, design and methods of case study research.
Handbook Of Forensic Statistics
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Author : David L. Banks
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-11-05
Handbook Of Forensic Statistics written by David L. Banks and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-05 with Law categories.
Handbook of Forensic Statistics is a collection of chapters by leading authorities in forensic statistics. Written for statisticians, scientists, and legal professionals having a broad range of statistical expertise, it summarizes and compares basic methods of statistical inference (frequentist, likelihoodist, and Bayesian) for trace and other evidence that links individuals to crimes, the modern history and key controversies in the field, and the psychological and legal aspects of such scientific evidence. Specific topics include uncertainty in measurements and conclusions; statistically valid statements of weight of evidence or source conclusions; admissibility and presentation of statistical findings; and the state of the art of methods (including problems and pitfalls) for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in such areas as forensic biology, chemistry, and pattern and impression evidence. The particular types of evidence that are discussed include DNA, latent fingerprints, firearms and toolmarks, glass, handwriting, shoeprints, and voice exemplars.
General Technical Report Nc
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
General Technical Report Nc written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Forests and forestry categories.
13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference
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Author : J. W. Van Sambeek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference written by J. W. Van Sambeek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Forests and forestry categories.
The Polygraph And Lie Detection
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-01-22
The Polygraph And Lie Detection written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-22 with Law categories.
The polygraph, often portrayed as a magic mind-reading machine, is still controversial among experts, who continue heated debates about its validity as a lie-detecting device. As the nation takes a fresh look at ways to enhance its security, can the polygraph be considered a useful tool? The Polygraph and Lie Detection puts the polygraph itself to the test, reviewing and analyzing data about its use in criminal investigation, employment screening, and counter-intelligence. The book looks at: The theory of how the polygraph works and evidence about how deceptivenessâ€"and other psychological conditionsâ€"affect the physiological responses that the polygraph measures. Empirical evidence on the performance of the polygraph and the success of subjects' countermeasures. The actual use of the polygraph in the arena of national security, including its role in deterring threats to security. The book addresses the difficulties of measuring polygraph accuracy, the usefulness of the technique for aiding interrogation and for deterrence, and includes potential alternativesâ€"such as voice-stress analysis and brain measurement techniques.
Evidence Based Diagnosis
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Author : Thomas B. Newman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-02-16
Evidence Based Diagnosis written by Thomas B. Newman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-16 with Medical categories.
Evidence-Based Diagnosis explains diagnostic, screening, and prognostic tests in clinical medicine. The authors' approach is based on many years of experience teaching physicians in a clinical research training program. Although needing only a minimum of mathematics, the quantitative discussions in this book are deeper and more rigorous than in most introductory texts. The book includes numerous worked examples and 60 problems (with answers) based on real clinical situations and journal articles. This book is a great choice for anyone looking to select, develop, or apply medical tests. Topics covered include: the diagnostic process; test reliability and accuracy; testing and treatment thresholds; critical appraisal of studies of diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests; test independence and methods of combining tests; quantifying treatment benefits using randomized trials and observational studies; Bayesian interpretation of P values and confidence intervals; challenges for evidence-based diagnosis; likelihood ratios and ROC curves.