Silicon Versus Carbon
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Silicon Versus Carbon
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Author : Yuri Magarshak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-21
Silicon Versus Carbon written by Yuri Magarshak and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Even though there is no generally accepted definition of nanotechnologies to be defined as distinct discipline there is an emerging consensus that their advent and development is a growing in importance factor of the contemporary and future technological civilization. One of these most fundamental issues we are confronted with is the compatibility with life itself. From single cell organisms to humans, carbon is a key building block of all molecular structures of life. In contrast the man created electronic industry to build on other elements, of which silicon is the most common. Both carbon and silicon create molecular chains, although different in their internal structure. All life is built from carbon-based chains. As long as the man built technological products do not directly interfere with the physiology of life the associated risks from them are relatively easy to identify. They are primarily in the environmental pollution and the possibility of upsetting the natural balance of biocoenosis, on a planetary scale. The basic life functions are still not directly subverted. We can use TV, computers, drive cars and use other technological utilities without fear of direct interference with our cellular functions. This is in particular because all these technological utilities are many orders of magnitude larger than typical scales of biological activity. Most of biological activity, from fermentative catalysis to DNA replication takes place on nanoscale. The situation is radically different when the technological goals are building nanoscale size products. All biological processes take place on nanoscale.
Carbon Containing Layers On Silicon
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Author : H.J. Osten
language : en
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Release Date : 1999-07-07
Carbon Containing Layers On Silicon written by H.J. Osten and has been published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The addition of supersaturated carbon to silicon or silicon-germanium thin films leads to a new class of semiconducting materials. This new material can alleviate some of the constraints on strained Si1-xGex and may help to open up new fields of device applications for heteroepitaxial Si-based systems. Basic growth problems, as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of Si1-yCy and Si1-x-yGexCy layers grown pseudomorphically onto Si(001), have been reviewed. The incorporation of carbon can be used (i) to enhance SiGe layer properties, (ii) to obtain layers with new properties, or (iii) to control dopant diffusion in microelectronic devices. The phenomenon of suppressed boron diffusion in carbon-rich epitaxial layers can be used to increase the performance of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). When compared with SiGe technologies, the addition of carbon offers a significantly greater flexibility in process design and a greater latitude in processing margins.
Biochemistry Of Silicon And Related Problems
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Author : Gerd Bendz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-06-02
Biochemistry Of Silicon And Related Problems written by Gerd Bendz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-02 with Science categories.
Silicon chemistry was initiated in 1823 by Berzelius who prepared elemental silicon. In many ways silicon was considered a typical opposite of carbon, although the two elements are closely related as to their electronic structure, both having four valence electrons. The properties of their compounds are, however, extreme ly different. Both form extended structures, but in different ways - carbon by covalent carbon-carbon bonds; silicon by polar silicon- -oxygen-silicon bonds. The complex carbon compounds are integral parts of all living matter, plants and animals. The corresponding silicon compounds build up a major part of dead matter, soils and minerals. As recently as twenty years ago the title of this Symposium, "BiOChemistry of Silicon", would have been considered as contradictio in adjecto. However, the development in the field has, during the past fifteen years, been overwhelming and has convinced us that silicon is a necessary element in the life processes, for animals as well as for plants. Interesting therapeutical uses have been suggested, but we have also become increasingly aware of serious occupational diseases - asbestosis and silicosis - and of possible cancerogenic effects. It is our hope that this volume will give some idea about various aspects of silicon compounds which were discussed during the Symposium.
Chemistry Of The Main Group Elements
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Author : Andrew Barron
language : en
Publisher: Midas Green Innovations
Release Date : 2020-03-28
Chemistry Of The Main Group Elements written by Andrew Barron and has been published by Midas Green Innovations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-28 with categories.
The main group elements represent the most prevalent elements in the Earth's crust, as well as most of the key elements of life, and have enormous industrial, economic, and environmental importance. In this regard an understanding of the chemistry of the main group elements is vital for students within science, engineering, and medicine; however, it is hoped that those who make political and economic decisions would make better ones (or at least more responsible ones) if they had a fraction of the knowledge of the world around them.
Silicon Germanium Carbon Alloys
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Author : S. Pantellides
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-07-26
Silicon Germanium Carbon Alloys written by S. Pantellides and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Carbon (C) and Silicon Germanium (SiGe) work like a magic sauce. At least in small concentrations, they make everything taste better. It is remarkable enough that SiGe, a new material, and the heterobipolar transistor, a new device, appear on the brink of impacting the exploding wireless market. The addition of C to SiGe, albeit in small concentrations, looks to have breakthrough potential. Here, at last, is proof that materials science can put a rocket booster on the silicon-mind, the silicon transistor. Scientific excitement arises, as always, from the new possibilities a multicomponent materials system offers. Bandgaps can be changed, strains can be tuned, and properties can be tailored. This is catnip to the materials scientist. The wide array of techniques applied here to the SiGeC system bear testimony to the ingenious approaches now available for mastering the complexities of new materials
Silicon
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Author : Clara MacCarald
language : en
Publisher: Enslow Publishing, LLC
Release Date : 2018-12-15
Silicon written by Clara MacCarald and has been published by Enslow Publishing, LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Silicon is everywhere. It can be found in the rocks under our feet, in the windows of our homes, and in the "brain" of every smartphone. Without silicon to make computer chips, there would be no Silicon Valley in California. Silicon is second only to oxygen as the most common element in the earth's crust. Silicon isn't always hard, either. It's found in objects as bendable as a spatula or as stretchy as a bouncing putty. Tubes containing silicon can even help save people's lives. In this informative text, readers take a close look at this amazing element.
General Chemistry
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Author : Donald Allan McQuarrie
language : en
Publisher: Univ Science Books
Release Date : 2011
General Chemistry written by Donald Allan McQuarrie and has been published by Univ Science Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
"Atoms First seems to be the flavor of the year in chemistry textbooks, but many of them seem to be little more than rearrangement of the chapters. It takes a master like McQuarrie to go back to the drawing board and create a logical development from smallest to largest that makes sense to students."---Hal Harris, University of Missouri-St. Louis "McQuarrie's book is extremely well written, the order of topics is logical, and it does a great job with both introductory material and more advanced concepts. Students of all skill levels will be able to learn from this book."---Mark Kearley, Florida State University This new fourth edition of General Chemistry takes an atoms-first approach from beginning to end. In the tradition of McQuarrie's many previous works, it promises to be another ground-breaking text. This superb new book combines the clear writing and wonderful problems that have made McQuarrie famous among chemistry professors and students worldwide. Presented in an elegant design with all-new illustrations, it is available in a soft-cover edition to offer professors a fresh choice at an outstanding value. Student supplements include an online series of descriptive chemistry Interchapters, a Student Solutions Manual, and an optional state-of-the-art Online Homework program. For adopting professors, an Instructor's Manual and a CD of the art are also available.
The Chemistry Of Silicon
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Author : E. G. Rochow
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
The Chemistry Of Silicon written by E. G. Rochow and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
Pergamon Texts in Organic Chemistry, Volume 9: The Chemistry of Silicon presents information essential in understanding the chemical properties of silicon. The book first covers the fundamental aspects of silicon, such as its nuclear, physical, and chemical properties. The text also details the history of silicon, its occurrence and distribution, and applications. Next, the selection enumerates the compounds and complexes of silicon, along with organosilicon compounds. The text will be of great interest to chemists and chemical engineers. Other researchers working on research study involving silicon will also benefit from the book.
Silicon
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Author : Michael A. Sommers
language : en
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Release Date : 2007-08-15
Silicon written by Michael A. Sommers and has been published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Explains the characteristics of silicon, where it is found, how it is used by humans, and its relationship to other elements found in the periodic table.
Astrobiology
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Author : Kevin W. Plaxco
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2011-07-26
Astrobiology written by Kevin W. Plaxco and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-26 with Science categories.
Informed by new planetary discoveries and the findings from recent robotic missions to Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, scientists are rapidly replacing centuries of speculation about potential extraterrestrial habitats with real knowledge about the possibility of life outside our own biosphere -- if it exists, and where. This second edition of Kevin W. Plaxco and Michael Gross's widely acclaimed text incorporates the latest research in astrobiology to bring readers the most comprehensive, up-to-date, and engaging introduction to the field available. Plaxco and Gross expand their examination of the origin of chemical elements, the developments that made the Universe habitable, and how life continues to be sustained. They discuss in great detail the formation of the first galaxies and stars, the diverse chemistry of the primordial planet, the origins of metabolism, the evolution of complex organisms, and the feedback regulation of Earth's climate. They also explore life in extreme habitats, potential extraterrestrial habitats, and the current status of the search for extraterrestrial life. Weaving together the relevant threads of astronomy, geology, chemistry, biophysics, and microbiology, this broadly accessible introductory text captures the excitement, controversy, and progress of the dynamic young field of astrobiology. New to this edition is a glossary of terms and an epilogue recapping the key unanswered questions, making Astrobiology an ideal primer for students and, indeed, for anyone curious about life and the Universe. Praise for the first edition of Astrobiology "Certainly the most readable introduction to astrobiology now available." -- Chemical and Engineering News "Plaxco and Gross bring us as close to aliens as we can currently get. I recommend this book to anyone interested in science's newest kid on the block." -- Astronomy Now "A good read for all those who are fascinated by the search for extraterrestrial life and the origin of life on our own planet. I shall certainly value it in my own library." -- Chemistry World "An accessible guide to this young and interdisciplinary field." -- Physics World "The fascinating world of extremophiles is well presented, and a broad overview of the searches for evidence of life beyond Earth rounds off the book. The text is liberally illustrated with relevant figures that greatly enhance the content, and entertaining snippets of information detailing the quirks of research in this field nicely supplement the scientific content." -- Astrobiology "A comprehensive yet concise introduction to the field." -- The Space Review