Simulating Alternative Social Security Responses To The Demographic Transition
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Simulating Alternative Social Security Responses To The Demographic Transition
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Author : Alan J. Auerbach
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Simulating Alternative Social Security Responses To The Demographic Transition written by Alan J. Auerbach and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Age groups categories.
The U.S. and other western economies are experiencing dramatic changes in growth and age structure of their populations. Fluctuations in birth rates are the most important determinants of these changes in the post war period. This paper examines the dynamic effects of baby "booms" and baby"busts" on a range of economic variables using a perfect foresight life cycle simulation model. In addition to describing general transition (as opposed to simply long run) affects of fertility change, the paper considers alter-native Social Security policies for avoiding sharp increases in long run payroll tax rates. These include reductions in benefit replacement rates, advances in Social Security's retirement age, taxation of social security benefits, and the accumulation of a significant Social Security trust fund. According to the simulated demographic transitions, the savings inthe U.S. fertility currently underway can have very major impacts on long run factor returns and produce percipitous short term changes in saving rates. While Social Security policy has important effects on the simulated demographic transitions, these effects are of secondary importance to the long run level of economic welfare. Even if payroll tax rates rise dramatically, long run welfare (measured in terms of levels of adult consumption and leisure) is, nonetheless, substantially higher in the case of a sustained dropin the fertility rate. This reflects, in part, the decline in the number of dependent children per adult; while a sustained decline in the fertility rate eventually means a much larger ratio of elderly per capita, the decline in children per capita means an overall decline in the long run ratio of dependents to prime age workers in the economy. A second explanation for the simulated long run welfare gains is capital deepening associated with lower population growth rates
Policy Simulations In The European Union
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Author : Amedeo Fossati
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1998-02-19
Policy Simulations In The European Union written by Amedeo Fossati and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-02-19 with Business & Economics categories.
The papers in this much-needed collection employ Applied General Equilibrium methodology to address a wide variety of concerns within the European Union. Contributors examine five main policy areas: * international market integration * policy simulations with alternative treatments of factor markets * policies for carbon dioxide abatement * competitiveness and convergence * VAT and income tax reform.
Money S Worth Of Social Security
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Money S Worth Of Social Security written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Business & Economics categories.
Simulation For Policy Inquiry
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Author : Anand Desai
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-12
Simulation For Policy Inquiry written by Anand Desai and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-12 with Political Science categories.
Public policy and management problems have been described as poorly defined, messy, squishy, unstructured, intractable, and wicked. In a word, they are complex. This book illustrates the development and use of simulation models designed to capture some of the complexity inherent in the formulation, management, and implementation of policies aimed at addressing such problems. Simulation models have long existed at the fringes of policy inquiry but are not yet considered an essential component of the policy analyst’s toolkit. However, this situation is likely to change because with improvements in computational power and software, simulation is now easier to include in the standard repertoire of research tools available for discovery and decision support. This volume provides both a conceptual rationale for using simulations to inform public policy and a practical introduction to how such models might be constructed and employed. The focus of these papers is on the uses of simulation to gain understanding and inform policy decisions and action. Techniques represented in this volume include Monte Carlo simulation, system dynamics and agent based modeling.
Imf Staff Papers
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Imf Staff Papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The paper presents a model of optimum currency areas using a general equilibrium approach with regionally differentiated goods. The choice of a currency union depends upon the size of the underlying disturbances, the correlation between these disturbances, the costs of transactions across currencies, factor mobility across regions, and the interrelationships between demand for different goods. It is found that, while a currency union can raise the welfare of the regions within the union, it unambiguously lowers welfare for those outside the union. [JEL F33, F36]
Population Aging And Pension Systems
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Author : F. Desmond McCarthy
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date :
Population Aging And Pension Systems written by F. Desmond McCarthy and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Old Age Security
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Author : Ramgopal Agarwala
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Old Age Security written by Ramgopal Agarwala and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The seventh edition of this annual report reviews the long-term prospects for developing countries in light of changes in the global environment and provides a detailed discussion of selected aspects of the global integration process in those countries. The first chapter evaluates prospects for the major elements of the external environment affecting developing countries and the medium-to-long-term outlook for developing countries themselves. The report forecasts that the external environment for developing countries remains broadly favorable. Among the main policy challenges faced by these countries is their ability to adapt to long-run shifts in market opportunities and heightened competitive pressures brought on by global trade liberalization--now increasingly focused on liberalization of trade in services--rising global production, and other forms of global integration. The chapter considers the implications for the world economy of rapid growth and integration in large developing countries such as China, India, and Brazil in the period to 2020. The second chapter looks at the move toward greater globalization of production, broadly defined as cross-border production by multinational enterprises and their networks of affiliates, subcontractors, and other partners. Within this context, the chapter addresses the significance of global production in world output in main groups of countries and economic sectors; factors driving the trend toward global production, including heightened competition, worldwide policy liberalization, and rapid technological progress; the benefits that developing countries can derive from global production, such as new technologies and improved efficiency practices; and the issues for policymakers seeking to enhance participation in global production and maximize its benefits for host countries.
Below Replacement Fertility In Industrial Societies
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Author : Kingsley Davis
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1987
Below Replacement Fertility In Industrial Societies written by Kingsley Davis and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Fertility, Human categories.
Work Plan
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Author : United States. Social Security Administration. Office of Research and Statistics
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Work Plan written by United States. Social Security Administration. Office of Research and Statistics and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Social security categories.
Old Age And Survivors Insurance In The Demographic Transition
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Author : Timothy D. McBride
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Old Age And Survivors Insurance In The Demographic Transition written by Timothy D. McBride and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with categories.