Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
Single-photon generation and detection is at the forefront of modern optical physics research. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared. The use of single photons, produced on demand with well-defined quantum properties, offers an unprecedented set of capabilities that are central to the new area of quantum information and are of revolutionary importance in areas that range from the traditional, such as high sensitivity detection for astronomy, remote sensing, and medical diagnostics, to the exotic, such as secretive surveillance and very long communication links for data transmission on interplanetary missions. The goal of this volume is to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the technology and techniques that are available to enable them to better design an experimental plan for its intended purpose. The book will be broken into chapters focused specifically on the development and capabilities of the available detectors and sources to allow a comparative understanding to be developed by the reader along with and idea of how the field is progressing and what can be expected in the near future. Along with this technology, we will include chapters devoted to the applications of this technology, which is in fact much of the driver for its development. This is set to become the go-to reference for this field. Covers all the basic aspects needed to perform single-photon experiments and serves as the first reference to any newcomer who would like to produce an experimental design that incorporates the latest techniques Provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared, thus giving broad background that should enable newcomers to the field to make rapid progress in gaining proficiency Written by leading experts in the field, among which, the leading Editor is recognized as having laid down the roadmap, thus providing the reader with an authenticated and reliable source
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Alain Aspect
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Alain Aspect and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Martin J. Stevens
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Martin J. Stevens and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
To understand the nature of light sources, one needs to know the statistical properties of emitted light and how the tools used to measure those properties reflect those statistics. This chapter will cover the vocabulary and notation necessary for understanding the characteristics of the sources and detectors covered in this book. After a brief review of the quantized electric field and relevant operators, we explore properties of single-photon sources, starting with relationships among state vectors, density matrices and photon number probabilities . Next we investigate properties of , the second-order coherence, and how it relates to . We present an in-depth study of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometer, showing how it can be used to accurately measure in many—but not all—experimental situations. This is followed by a discussion of bunching, antibunching, Poissonian photon statistics, high-order coherences and indistinguishability. The second half of the chapter discusses characteristics of single-photon detectors, starting with the definition of detection efficiency used in this book. We review the POVM (Positive-Operator-Valued-Measure) operators, use them to illustrate the distinction between photon number-resolving (PNR) detectors and click/ no-click detectors, and explore some of the practical limitations of photon number-resolving and energy-resolving detectors. We next discuss the time response of detectors, including timing latency, rise time, timing jitter, dead time, reset time and recovery time. Finally, we cover the distinction between dark count rate and background count rate, and briefly discuss afterpulse probability, active area and operating temperature.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Jungsang Kim
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Jungsang Kim and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
In this Chapter, we summarize the current status and future prospects of a number of novel semiconductor-based single-photon detectors, including visible-light photon counters (VLPCs), solid-state photo-multipliers (SSPMs), and quantum-dot-based detectors. SSPMs and VLPCs utilize the gain produced by impact ionization of the impurity band to detect single photons over a wide wavelength range between 0.4 and 28. Quantum-dot-based single-photon detectors use photoconductive gain associated with photogenerated carriers trapped in quantum dots. We cover the basic operating principles of these devices, describe experimental results that demonstrate their unique attributes, present mathematical models that quantify their performance, and discuss the future of these novel detector technologies.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Lijian Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Lijian Zhang and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
As quantum detectors evolve to become ever more sophisticated, their description in terms of a limited number of generic parameters falls short. An alternative description of the performance of a detector is provided by its positive-operator-valued measure (POVM). In this chapter we introduce a technique, quantum detector tomography, which allows us to experimentally reconstruct the POVM of the detector under test. Detailed examples on how to apply this technique to phase-insensitive detectors are given. We also discuss the challenges for the tomography of phase-sensitive detectors and possible solutions.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Sergey V. Polyakov
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Sergey V. Polyakov and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
We discuss applying single-photon detectors to measurements with high accuracy. Two primary standard methods of detector calibration are reviewed: one based on a radiant power measurement (substitution method) and the other—on a simultaneous generation of photon pairs (correlation method). It is shown how to apply these methods to two types of detectors: with no photon number resolution (PNR) and with full PNR. In addition, an experimental comparison of the two calibration methods with non-PNR detectors is presented.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Sergio Cova
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Sergio Cova and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
This chapter presents a broad review of the principle, design, fabrication, operation, and performance of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and provides a comparative basis to assess the relative merits of the wide variety of devices and techniques covered. Particular attention is paid to the design of and operation of both silicon and high-speed-gated InGaAs/InP detection systems, as well as array-based systems.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Karl K. Berggren
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Karl K. Berggren and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
Superconducting materials provide a unique opportunity for single-photon detectors. The combination of the strong non-linearity present in the superconducting-metal transition and in Josephson junctions; the unique electrical property of zero resistance; the fast relaxation processes present in many superconducting materials; and the easily engineered optical absorptance of metals results in a system that can be adapted to many photo-detection requirements. As a result of these material features, a variety of detector families have emerged in recent years based on superconducting nanowires, tunnel junctions, weak thermal links, and kinetic-inductive resonators. The detectors variously provide high speed single-photon detection; high-sensitivity in the infrared, optical, UV, or even x-ray wavelengths; and high efficiency. The resulting applications include quantum and classical high-data-rate communication, biological imaging, LIDAR, and VLSI circuit evaluation among others.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Ivo Pietro Degiovanni
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Ivo Pietro Degiovanni and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
This chapter presents an overview of efforts to improve photon-counting detection systems through the use of hybrid detection techniques such as spatial- and time-multiplexing of conventional detectors, and frequency up-conversion. It reviews the basic operation for these methods and illustrates their utility in a number of applications showing new or improved capabilities compared with conventional methods.
Single Photon Generation And Detection
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Author : Bo Zhao
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-29
Single Photon Generation And Detection written by Bo Zhao and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-29 with Science categories.
We introduce the atomic-ensemble-based single-photon source. Thanks to the collective enhancement, It has the following advantages: it does not require strong coupling between light and matter, thanks to the collective enhancement; the generated narrow band single photons are storable, narrow-band, and highly controllable; and the single photons emitted from independent sources are pure and indistinguishable. In conjunction with a feedback circuit, the atomic-ensemble single-photon source can work in a deterministic way, where the production rate is significantly enhanced while low and good indistinguishability are preserved. The atomic-ensemble-based single-photon sources provide an essential tool for scalable quantum networks and linear-optical quantum computation.