Sites Of Action For Neurotoxic Pesticides
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Sites Of Action For Neurotoxic Pesticides
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Author : Robert M. Hollingworth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Sites Of Action For Neurotoxic Pesticides written by Robert M. Hollingworth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Medical categories.
Annotation Developed from a symposium at the 191st Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, New York, April 1987. The war against pests has intensified as pest resistance, degradation in soils, and development of new technologies reduce the number of chemicals available for use. Writings in this work document the effectiveness of insecticides on various target sites and examine the nervous system as the major battleground for current and future insecticides. Annotation(c) 2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Neuropharmacology And Pesticide Action
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Author : M. G. Ford
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1986
Neuropharmacology And Pesticide Action written by M. G. Ford and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Medical categories.
Pesticide And Venom Neurotoxicity
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Author : D. Shankland
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Pesticide And Venom Neurotoxicity written by D. Shankland and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Neurotoxicology Of Insecticides And Pheromones
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Author : Toshio Narahashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Neurotoxicology Of Insecticides And Pheromones written by Toshio Narahashi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Substantial progress has been made during the past three decades in the development of a variety of chemical means to control insect pests. A large number of highly effective insecticides have been developed, and many of them have contributed to a great extent to increasing agricultural productivity and eradicating diseases transmitted by vectors. However, contamination of our environment caused by various pesticides has become a serious problem, and various attempts have been made to develop newer methods of con trolling insect pests. One of the approaches is to develop newer insecticides which cause less contamination of the environment without losing their insecticidal potencies. Another approach, among other things, is to utilize pheromones to control certain species of insects. No matter what approach one may choose, it is imperative to understand the mechanism of action of pesticides for efficient development and utilization of these chemicals. One important feature common to most insecticides and pheromones is their inter action with the nervous system which is the main target site. Thus the mechanisms of action of these chemicals on the nervous system represent one of the most critical aspects in pesticide toxicology. In comparison to the chemical and biochemical studies dealing with the metabolism of various pesticides, the study of neurotoxicology has lagged behind to a considerable extent for various reasons. Technical complications involved in neuroto- co logical experiments appear to be one of the contributing factors.
Intentional Human Dosing Studies For Epa Regulatory Purposes
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-06-04
Intentional Human Dosing Studies For Epa Regulatory Purposes written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-04 with Science categories.
The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.
Environmental Neurotoxicology
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1992-02-01
Environmental Neurotoxicology written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-02-01 with Science categories.
Scientists agree that exposure to toxic agents in the environment can cause neurological and psychiatric illnesses ranging from headaches and depression to syndromes resembling parkinsonism. It can even result in death at high exposure levels. The emergence of subclinical neurotoxicity-the concept that long-term impairments can escape clinical detection-makes the need for risk assessment even more critical. This volume paves the way toward definitive solutions, presenting the current consensus on risk assessment and environmental toxicants and offering specific recommendations. The book covers: The biologic basis of neurotoxicity. Progress in the application of biologic markers. Reviews of a wide range of in vitro and in vivo testing techniques. The use of surveillance and epidemiology to identify neurotoxic hazards that escape premarket screening. Research needs. This volume will be an important resource for policymakers, health specialists, researchers, and students.
Biochemical Sites Of Insecticide Action And Resistance
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Author : Isaac Ishaaya
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biochemical Sites Of Insecticide Action And Resistance written by Isaac Ishaaya and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In recent years many of the conventional methods of insect control by broad spectrum synthetic chemicals have come under scrutiny because of their unde sirable effects on human health and the environment. In addition, some classes of pesticide chemistry, which generated resistance problems and severely affected the environment, are no longer used. It is against this background that the authors of this book present up-to-date findings-relating to biochemical sites that can serve as targets for developing insecticides with selective prop erties, and as the basis for the elucidation of resistance mechanisms and countermeasures. The book consists of eight chapters relating to biochemical targets for insec ticide action and seven chapters relating to biochemical modes of resistance and countermeasures. The authors of the chapters are world leaders in pesti cide chemistry, biochemical modes of action and mechanisms of resistance. Biochemical sites such as chitin formation, juvenile hormone and ecdysone receptors, acetylcholine and GABA receptors, ion channels, and neuropeptides are potential targets for insecticide action. The progress made in recent years in molecular biology (presented in depth in this volume) has led to the iden tification of genes that confer mechanisms of resistance, such as increased detoxification, decreased penetration and insensitive target sites. A combina tion of factors can lead to potentiation of the resistance level. Classifications of these mechanisms are termed gene amplification, changes in structural genes, and modification of gene expression.
Encyclopedia Of Entomology
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Author : John L. Capinera
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-11
Encyclopedia Of Entomology written by John L. Capinera and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-11 with Science categories.
Bringing together the expertise of over 450 distinguished entomologists from 40 countries, this exhaustive work provides a global overview of insects and their close relatives. It is designed as an introduction to this fascinating group of animals.
Pesticides In The Diets Of Infants And Children
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1993-02-01
Pesticides In The Diets Of Infants And Children written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-02-01 with Science categories.
Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Insecticide Mode Of Action
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Author : Joel R. Coats
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Insecticide Mode Of Action written by Joel R. Coats and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Insecticide Mode of Action presents significant research on the biological activity of insecticides. The book is organized into three sections encompassing 13 chapters that summarize three major groups of insecticides, including neurotoxic, formamidine, and developmental insecticides. The first section of the book presents studies on groups of conventional neurotoxic insecticides: chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphorus chemicals. This text discusses their structure, poisoning property, structure-activity relationships, and stereoselectivity. The subsequent section discusses the biochemical, biological, and neurotoxic actions of formamidines, a group of pesticides that exhibit an unusual spectrum of activity. Several modes of action of pharmacological significance as well as some important behavioral effects are included in this section. The third section addresses groups of insecticides that affect insect growth and development. Such chemicals typically demonstrate marked selectivity and represent more sophisticated strategies in the chemical control of insect pests. This book is of value to researchers, teachers, and regulatory personnel concerned with the biological activity of insecticides.