Skeletal Muscle Muscular Dystrophy
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Skeletal Muscle Muscular Dystrophy
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Author : Donald Fischman
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Skeletal Muscle Muscular Dystrophy written by Donald Fischman and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Science categories.
Histologically, muscle is conveniently divided into two groups, striated and nonstriated, based on whether the cells exhibit cross-striations in the light microscope (Figure 3). Smooth muscle is involuntary: its contraction is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Striated muscle includes both cardiac (involuntary) and skeletal (voluntary). The former is innervated by visceral efferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system, whereas the latter is innervated by somatic efferent fibers, most of which have their cell bodies in the ventral, motor horn of the spinal cord. Smooth muscle is designed to have slow, relatively sustained contractions, while striated muscle contracts rapidly and usually phasically. Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells are mononucleated, whereas skeletal muscle cells (fibers) are multinucleated. [In aging hearts or hypertrophied hearts, cardiac muscle cells are often binucleated.] Multinucleation of skeletal muscle arises during development by the cytoplasmic fusion of muscle precursor cells, myoblasts. Adult skeletal muscle cells do not divide; that is also true of most cardiac myocytes. However, skeletal muscle exhibits a considerable amount of regeneration after injury. This is because adult skeletal muscle contains a stem cell, the satellite cell, which lies beneath the basement membrane surrounding the muscle fibers. [The multinucleation of cardiac muscle arises from karyokinesis without cytokinesis.] A diagrammatic series of enlargements of skeletal muscle are shown in Figure 4. A bundle of muscle fibers (fasciculus) is cut from the deltoid muscle. Each muscle cell is termed a myofiber or muscle fiber. Each muscle fiber contains contractile organelles termed myofibrils, which contain the contractile units of muscle termed sarcomeres. The sarcomeres are composed of myofilaments, which in turn are composed of contractile proteins. Muscle connective tissue layers are organized in concentric layers that are important in the entry and exit of vessels and nerves to and from the tissue. These are shown in Figure 5. The outermost layer is the epimysium or muscle sheath. Connective tissue septae (perimysium) run radially into the muscle tissue, dividing it into muscle fascicles. The deepest layer, surrounding each of the muscle fibers is the endomysium. The endomysium is in direct contact with a basal lamina that ensheathes each muscle fiber. It surrounds the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber termed the sarcolemma.
Skeletal Muscle Pathology
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Author : Frank L. Mastaglia
language : en
Publisher: W.B. Saunders Company
Release Date : 1992
Skeletal Muscle Pathology written by Frank L. Mastaglia and has been published by W.B. Saunders Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Medical categories.
Aimed at the diagnostic pathologist and neurologist, this text is organized by disease, with introductory chapters on morphology, immunology, pathogenesis and biopsy technique. The second edition includes information on pathogenesis of muscle disease.
Disorders Of Voluntary Muscle
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Author : George Karpati
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001-07-12
Disorders Of Voluntary Muscle written by George Karpati and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-12 with Medical categories.
Rewritten and redesigned, this remains the one essential text on the diseases of skeletal muscle.
Skeletal Muscle
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Author : Mark Willems
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2013
Skeletal Muscle written by Mark Willems and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Muscles categories.
It is essential for our quality of life to have healthy muscles. Tragically, the loss of even a single protein can have dramatic effects on muscle functioning and quality of life. This book is about skeletal muscles, their physiological complexity and molecular functioning in health and disease. The range of topics varies from the fascinating events at the level of the cross-bridges, the aging process of skeletal muscles, ischemia-reperfusion, inflammatory myopathies and mitochondrial function, muscular dystrophy and the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in health and disease. This book is written by internationally acclaimed researchers and expert research groups and provides state of the art understanding of the plasticity of skeletal muscle, information that is vital for health professionals who deal with diverse chronic disease conditions.
Muscular Dystrophies
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Author : Kunihiro Sakuma
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-10-02
Muscular Dystrophies written by Kunihiro Sakuma and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-02 with Medical categories.
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ that is modulated by various pathways controlling protein turnover. Muscle loss is common in muscular dystrophy, in which marked loss of various proteins such as the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex occurs around muscle fibers. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the various muscular dystrophies, including characteristics, diagnosis, and classification. General treatment of drugs (e.g. corticosteroids) and physical therapy for muscular dystrophies are discussed. In addition, current applications for cell and tissue engineering using muscle stem cells or gene therapy are introduced. This book also deals with the recent advances in appropriate models of drug screening using cell cultures or mammalian organs in vitro in this field.
Skeletal Muscle
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Author : Mark Willems
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2013
Skeletal Muscle written by Mark Willems and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Science categories.
It is essential for our quality of life to have healthy muscles. Tragically, the loss of even a single protein can have dramatic effects on muscle functioning and quality of life. This book is about skeletal muscles, their physiological complexity and molecular functioning in health and disease. The range of topics varies from the fascinating events at the level of the cross-bridges, the aging process of skeletal muscles, ischemia-reperfusion, inflammatory myopathies and mitochondrial function, muscular dystrophy and the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in health and disease. This book is written by internationally acclaimed researchers and expert research groups and provides state of the art understanding of the plasticity of skeletal muscle, information that is vital for health professionals who deal with diverse chronic disease conditions.
Muscle Imaging In Health And Disease
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Author : James L. Fleckenstein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Muscle Imaging In Health And Disease written by James L. Fleckenstein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
This comprehensive, meticulously illustrated volume effectively demonstrates the role of CT, MRI, MRS, ultrasonography, conventional radiography and nuclear medicine in evaluating the integrity and quality of skeletal muscle. Besides reviewing all imaging modalities, the book presents the complete spectrum of muscle physiology and pathophysiology - both normal and diseased. Highly-detailed illustrations highlight the in-depth survey of clinically significant muscle abnormalities. Radiologists will especially value the unique reference atlas of MR images of normal skeletal muscle. By incorporating exercise and MRI, advantage is made of the natural contrast between active and inactive muscle to remarkably enhance the definition of individual muscle anatomy. Certain to become an essential reference.
Background And Management Of Muscular Atrophy
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Author : Julianna Cseri
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-03-03
Background And Management Of Muscular Atrophy written by Julianna Cseri and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-03 with Medical categories.
A healthy skeletal musculature is necessary for a good quality of life and is important in sports. The loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to severe clinical complications and alters daily functioning. The aim of this book is to give an overview of skeletal muscle atrophy including pathomechanism, clinical characters, and the tools for prevention and treatment. Skeletal muscle atrophy can develop due to neurogenic or myogenic reasons, and frequently appears as an age-dependent disorder (sarcopenia). The studies of theoretical background give promising perspectives to prevent and treat muscle atrophy. The book is recommended to scientists, practitioners, students, sportsmen, and everybody who is interested in the normal and impaired function of the skeletal muscle.
Experimental Myopathies And Muscular Dystrophy
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Author : R. Heene
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Experimental Myopathies And Muscular Dystrophy written by R. Heene and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Experimental Myopathies and Muscular Dystrophy. A Study of the Formal Pathogenesis of Primary Myopathies as Exemplified in the Myopathy of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid The histochemical types of muscle fibres are described and a report presented of the histological and histochemical altera tions in skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles) of rats given intraperitoneal injections of the herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-0). The liver and myocardium of the experimental animals were also examined. In skeletal muscle, alterations occurring acutely within 1 to 1. 5 h after injection of a single dose of 300 mg/kg 2,4-0 could be distinguished from changes which developed subacutely in the course of treatment with repeated injections of one quarter to one half of the LDSO of the substance. In both con ditions white (type 2B/Am) muscle fibres were involved pre dilectively. The principal histochemical effect of acute intoxi cation observed was leakage of phosphorylase and glycogen from white muscle fibres, whereas some of the red fibres (type 2A/C) m showed an increase in primary glycogen and phosphorylase activ ity. These changes, which must be considered nonspecifi~, were established by use of a gelatin incubation technique. They occurred as typical findings in the middle and deep areas of the anterior tibial muscle. In other muscles or different layers of the same muscle, these changes varied considerably in degree. Thus the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles displayed only minor or no alterations.
The Muscular System
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Author : Kristin Petrie
language : en
Publisher: ABDO Publishing Company
Release Date : 2006-08-15
The Muscular System written by Kristin Petrie and has been published by ABDO Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Through engaging text and full-color photos, readers learn that there are 600 muscles in the human body and that there are three different types of muscles, cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Other topics discussed include tendons, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscles, which make up the walls of blood vessels, the stomach, and intestines and are found in the body's hollow organs. The book explains that cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary muscles, while skeletal muscles are voluntary. Readers discover that every muscle has its own name, including flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors. Readers also learn that the trapezius and gluteus maximus muscles are examples of muscles that are named for their size, shape, or location. Muscular diseases and the ways to keep muscles healthy, including exercise and a healthy diet are also highlighted. Detailed diagrams, medical models, phonetics, glossary, and index enhance the text.