Skill Biased Technological Change
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Implications Of Skill Biased Technological Change
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Author : Eli Berman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Implications Of Skill Biased Technological Change written by Eli Berman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Cambio tecnologico categories.
Demand for less skilled workers decreased dramatically in the US and in other developed countries over the past two decades. We argue that pervasive skill-biased technological change rather than increased trade with the developing world is the principal culprit. The pervasiveness of this technological change is important for two reasons. First, it is an immediate and testable implication of technological change. Second, under standard assumptions, the more pervasive the skill-biased technological change the greater the increase in the embodied supply of less skilled workers and the greater the depressing effect on their relative wages through world goods prices. In contrast, in the Heckscher-Ohlin model with small open economies, the skill-bias of local technological changes does not affect wages. Thus, pervasiveness deals with a major criticism of skill-biased technological change as a cause. Testing the implications of pervasive, skill-biased technological change we find strong supporting evidence. First, across the OECD, most industries have increased the proportion of skilled workers employed despite rising or stable relative wages. Second, increases in demand for skills were concentrated in the same manufacturing industries in different developed countries.
The Race Between Education And Technology
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Author : Claudia Goldin
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-07-01
The Race Between Education And Technology written by Claudia Goldin and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides an historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and U.S. wage structure through the 20th century. During the first 80 years of the 20th century, the increase of educated workers was higher than demand for them. This boosted income for most and lowered inequality. The reverse has been true since about 1980.
Implications Of Skill Biased Technological Change
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Author : Eli Berman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Implications Of Skill Biased Technological Change written by Eli Berman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Demand for less skilled workers plummeted in developed countries in the 1980s. In open economies, pervasive skill biased technological change (SBTC) can explain this decline. The more countries experiencing a SBTC the greater its potential to decrease local demands for unskilled labor by increasing the world supply of unskilled-intensive goods. We find strong evidence for pervasive SBTC in developed countries. Most industries increased the proportion of skilled workers despite generally rising or stable relative wages. Moreover, the same manufacturing industries simultaneously increased demand for skills in different countries. Many developing countries also show increased skill premia, a pattern consistent with SBTC.
Technology Differences Over Space And Time
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Author : Francesco Caselli
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2016-12-06
Technology Differences Over Space And Time written by Francesco Caselli and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Technology Differences over Space and Time looks at how countries use their productive resources—such as workers, skills, equipment and structures, and natural resources. Francesco Caselli develops methods to assess the efficiency with which productive inputs are used, and how these efficiencies vary across countries and over time. Caselli finds that richer countries use skilled workers relatively more efficiently than unskilled workers, and equipment and structures relatively more efficiently than natural resources. They also are relatively more efficient users of labor than of capital. Technological change tends to make countries particularly efficient at using skills and less efficient at using capital. Technical change also favors experienced workers. In order to interpret and understand these findings, Caselli presents a theory of technology choice. In this theory, firms pick technologies that make the most efficient use of the most abundant production factors when these factors are good substitutes for the less abundant factors. Firms pick technologies that make the most of less abundant factors when other suitable factors are not available for substitution. For example, rich countries, where skilled workers are abundant, use skilled workers efficiently, as these are good substitutes for unskilled workers. This flexible framework can be applied to other pairs of inputs, over time, and across countries. Technology Differences over Space and Time has significant implications not only for the theoretical understanding of development and technological innovation, but also for government formulation of industrial policy and multinationals making decisions about what to invest in and where to make those investments.
Is Skill Biased Technological Change Here Yet
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Author : Eli Berman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Is Skill Biased Technological Change Here Yet written by Eli Berman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with India categories.
Most high and middle-income countries showed symptoms of skill-biased technological change in the 1980s. India-a low income country-did not, perhaps because India's traditionally controlled economy may have limited the transfer of technologies from abroad. However the economy underwent a sharp reform and a manufacturing boom in the 1990s, raising the possibility that technology absorption may have accelerated during the past decade. The authors investigate the hypothesis that skill-biased technological change did in fact arrive in India in the 1990s using panel data disaggregated by industry and state from the Annual Survey of Industry. These data confirm that while the 1980s were a period of falling skills demand, the 1990s showed generally rising demand for skills, with variation across states. They find that increased output and capital-skill complementarity appear to be the best explanations of skill upgrading in the 1990s. Skill upgrading did not occur in the same set of industries in India as it did in other countries, suggesting that increased demand for skills in Indian manufacturing is not due to the international diffusion of recent vintages of skill-biased technologies.
Skill Biased Technological Change
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Author : Donald S. Siegel
language : en
Publisher: W. E. Upjohn Institute
Release Date : 1999
Skill Biased Technological Change written by Donald S. Siegel and has been published by W. E. Upjohn Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Business & Economics categories.
Based on a survey of 79 manufacturing firms in the Long Island area, discusses the labour market effects of implementing new manufacturing technologies and changes in human resources management.
Skill Biased Technological Change And Rising Wage Inequality
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Author : David Edward Card
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Skill Biased Technological Change And Rising Wage Inequality written by David Edward Card and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Skilled labor categories.
The rise in wage inequality in the U.S. labor market during the 1980s is usually attributed to skill-biased technical change (SBTC), associated with the development of personal computers and related information technologies. We review the evidence in favor of this hypothesis, focusing on the implications of SBTC for economy-wide trends in wage inequality, and for the evolution of wage differentials between various groups. A fundamental problem for the SBTC hypothesis is that wage inequality stabilized in the 1990s, despite continuing advances in computer technology. SBTC also fails to explain the closing of the gender gap, the stability of the racial wage gap, and the dramatic rise in education-related wage gaps for younger versus older workers. We conclude that the SBTC hypothesis is not very helpful in understanding the myriad shifts in the structure of wages that have occurred over the past three decades
The Endogenous Skill Bias Of Technical Change And Inequality In Developing Countries
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Author : Mr.Alberto Behar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-02-26
The Endogenous Skill Bias Of Technical Change And Inequality In Developing Countries written by Mr.Alberto Behar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-26 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper draws on existing empirical literature and an original theoretical model to argue that globalization and skill supply affect the extent to which technology adoption in developing countries favors skilled workers. Developing countries are experiencing technical change that is skill-biased because skill-biased technologies are becoming relatively cheaper. Increased skill supply further biases technical change in favor of skilled labor. Free trade induces technology that favors skilled workers in skill-abundant developing countries and that favors unskilled workers in skill-scarce developing countries, and therefore amplifies the predicted wage effects of trade liberalization. These features aid our understanding of the observed rises in inequality within developing countries and the absence of a significant downward effect of expanded educational attainment on skill premia. They also help account for the large and differential effects of trade liberalization on inequality. These findings are pertinent for the Middle East and North Africa because of its recent increase in trade openness and remarkable rise in educational attainment.
Skill Biased Technological Change And Endogenous Benefits
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Author : Matthias Weiss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Skill Biased Technological Change And Endogenous Benefits written by Matthias Weiss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
In this paper, we study the effect of skill-biased technological change on unemployment when benefits are linked to the evolution of average income and when this is not the case. In the former case, an increase in the productivity of skilled workers and hence their wage leads to an increase in average income and hence in benefits. The increased fallback income, in turn, makes unskilled workers ask for higher wages. As higher wages are not justified by respective productivity increases, unemployment rises. More generally, we show that skill-biased technological change leads to increasing unemployment of the unskilled when benefits are endogenous. The model provides a theoretical explanation for diverging developments in wage inequality and unemployment under different social benefits regimes: Analyzing the social legislation in 14 countries, we find that benefits are linked to the evolution of average income in Continental Europe but not in the U.S. and the UK. Given this institutional difference, our model predicts that skill-biased technological change leads to rising unemployment in Continental Europe and rising wage inequality in the U.S. and the UK.
The Routledge Handbook Of Smart Technologies
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Author : Heinz D. Kurz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-02-27
The Routledge Handbook Of Smart Technologies written by Heinz D. Kurz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-27 with Business & Economics categories.
This Handbook provides a thorough discussion of the most recent wave of technological (and organisational) innovations, frequently called “smart” and based on the digitisation of information. The acronym stands for "Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology". This new wave is one in a row of waves that have shaken up and transformed the economy, society and culture since the first Industrial Revolution and have left a huge impact on how we live, think, communicate and work: they have deeply affected the socioeconomic metabolism from within and humankind’s footprint on our planet. The Handbook analyses the origins of the current wave, its roots in earlier ones and its path-dependent nature; its current forms and actual manifestations; its multifarious impact on economy and society; and it puts forward some guesstimates regarding the probable directions of its further development. In short, the Handbook studies the past, the present and the future of smart technologies and digitalisation. This cutting-edge reference will appeal to a broad audience, including but not limited to, researchers from various disciplines with a focus on technological innovation and their impact on the socioeconomic system; students across different fields but especially from economics, social sciences and law studying questions related to radical technological change and its consequences, as well as professionals around the globe interested in the debate of smart technologies and socioeconomic transformation, from a multi- and interdisciplinary perspective.