Skills Degrees And Labor Market Inequality
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Skills Degrees And Labor Market Inequality
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Author : Peter Q. Blair
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Skills Degrees And Labor Market Inequality written by Peter Q. Blair and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Over the past four decades, income inequality grew significantly between workers with bachelor's degrees and those with high school diplomas (often called "unskilled"). Rather than being unskilled, we argue that these workers are STARs because they are skilled through alternative routes--namely their work experience. Using the skill requirements of a worker's current job as a proxy of their actual skill, we find that though both groups of workers make transitions to occupations requiring similar skills to their previous occupations, workers with bachelor's degrees have dramatically better access to higher-wage occupations where the skill requirements exceed the workers' observed skill. This measured opportunity gap offers a fresh explanation of income inequality by degree status and reestablishes the important role of on-the-job training in human capital formation.
Tasks Skills And Institutions
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Author : Carlos Gradín
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-06-22
Tasks Skills And Institutions written by Carlos Gradín and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-22 with Business & Economics categories.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The book investigates the trends in earnings inequalities in developing countries to determine the main drivers. Particular attention is paid to extending the most conventional explanations of changes in earnings inequality, based on the relative abundance of skilled and unskilled labour, with recent theories that put the nature of tasks performed by workers in their jobs, rather than their skills, at the centre of the analysis. The latter approach has helped to explain relevant patterns recently observed in the trends in earnings inequality in the US and other industrialized countries. Developed countries have experienced a polarization in earnings and in employment, namely stronger growth in the earnings and jobs for the most and least skilled workers at the expense of those in the middle. This pattern has been attributed to differences in tasks-whether a given job is routine and can be automated or offshored-rather than skills, and has reduced employment and incomes in typical middle-class jobs in manufacturing and services. However, this narrative has been developed in the context of mature industrialized economies on the frontier of technological change that have also seen a large set of activities offshored to emergent economies. Evidence for developing countries, however, is still scarce and faces bigger challenges, both conceptual, and in terms of gathering the necessary data on earnings and task content of jobs. This book presents the main results of the UNU-WIDER project, The Changing Nature of Work and Inequality, aiming to fill this knowledge gap.
Does Education Really Help
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Author : Edward N. Wolff
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
Release Date : 2006-04-25
Does Education Really Help written by Edward N. Wolff and has been published by Oxford University Press on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-25 with Business & Economics categories.
"The last three decades have brought disturbing news with regard to living standards and inequality in the United States. In response to these trends, a consensus formed in Washington that greater schooling and skill improvement would lead to higher wages and enhanced productivity in the workplace. Some believed that a more equal distribution of income would ensue from a more equal distribution of human capital. Others put their faith in the Information Technology revolution to re-ignite worker pay. Paradoxically, however, educational attainment and worker skills have risen as rapidly since the early 1970s as during the quarter century before; dispersion in schooling levels has plummeted more sharply, and computer investment has skyrocketed. This book analyzes the sources of these conundrums."--BOOK JACKET.
Graduate Work
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Author : Gerbrand Tholen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-06
Graduate Work written by Gerbrand Tholen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The expansion of Higher Education has been one of the most important changes to affect Western labour markets. More than a third of all British workers are now degree holders. The graduate labour market is often understood as that part of the labour market characterized by high skills and high knowledge intensity and that is perceived to be needed and used in an increasingly complex economy. Higher education is presumed to be the developer of these advanced skills. Yet with the graduatisation of the workforce, comes growing concerns about, as well as misunderstanding, of what jobs graduates occupy, how they utilise their skills, and what the role of education is within graduate work and the competition for jobs. The book examines some of the assumptions placed on graduate work, graduate jobs, graduate skills, and graduate careers. It provides valuable insights how we can understand the meaning of graduate work within a rapidly changing economic, technological, and organizational context. Based on in-depth qualitative case studies of software developers, financial analysts, laboratory scientists, and press officers, the book shows that the graduate labour market is more heterogeneous than often is understood. What counts as graduate work remains contested and under constant reinterpretation and re-negotiation. Access to work, job performance, and career advancement are not necessarily driven by university qualifications and skills associated with Higher Education. The book begins to explore how and to what extent, those workers with university degrees are defined by their educational experiences, status, and qualifications.
A Research Agenda For Skills And Inequality
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Author : Michael Tåhlin
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2023-03-02
A Research Agenda For Skills And Inequality written by Michael Tåhlin and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. Skills and inequality have long been a central theme in analyses of social structure and economic development. A Research Agenda for Skills and Inequality offers an insightful cross-disciplinary framework for research on how unequal living conditions form, persist and change in interplay with human skill formation and development.
Job Polarization And The Declining Fortunes Of The Young Evidence From The United Kingdom
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Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-10-11
Job Polarization And The Declining Fortunes Of The Young Evidence From The United Kingdom written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper uses a life-cycle framework to document new stylized facts about the nexus between job polarization and earnings inequality. Using quarterly labor force data for the UK over the period 2000-2018, we find clear life-cycle profiles in the probability of being employed within each occupation type and wages earned therein. Cohort plots and econometric analysis suggest that labor market outcomes and prospects have gradually worsened for the young. These adverse trends are particularly significant for low-skill women: estimated cohort effects point to a fall in wages within each occupation as well as a lower propensity of being employed in abstract-task occupations. We also find evidence of general occupational downgrading in the UK, with more educated workers taking up fewer high-skill occupations than they did in the past. Our analysis informs the policy debate over appropriate measures needed to reduce skill mismatches and alleviate labor market transitions.
Race Gender And The Labor Market
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Author : Robert L. Kaufman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Race Gender And The Labor Market written by Robert L. Kaufman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
Women and minorities have entered higher paying occupations, but their overall earnings still lag behind those of white men. Why? Looking nationwide at workers across all employment levels and occupations, the author examines the unexpected ways that prejudice and workplace discrimination continue to plague the labor market. He probes the mechanisms by which race and sex groups are sorted into "appropriate" jobs, showing how the resulting segregation undercuts earnings. He also uses an innovative integration of race-sex queuing and segmented-market theories to show how economic and social contexts shape these processes. His analysis reveals how race, sex, stereotyping, and devaluation interact to create earnings disparities, shedding new light on a vicious cycle that continues to the leave women and minorities behind.
Skill Mismatch In Labor Markets
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Author : Solomon W. Polachek
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2017-05-15
Skill Mismatch In Labor Markets written by Solomon W. Polachek and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume contains original research articles which analyze the linkages between education and skills and the causes and consequences of different types of skill mismatch. The volume yields new insights regarding overeducation, underskilling, graduate jobs, wages returns to skills, aggregate productivity, job complexity and skill development.
Divergent Paths
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Author : Annette Bernhardt
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2001-06-21
Divergent Paths written by Annette Bernhardt and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-21 with Business & Economics categories.
The promise of upward mobility—the notion that everyone has the chance to get ahead—is one of this country's most cherished ideals, a hallmark of the American Dream. But in today's volatile labor market, the tradition of upward mobility for all may be a thing of the past. In a competitive world of deregulated markets and demanding shareholders, many firms that once offered the opportunity for advancement to workers have remade themselves as leaner enterprises with more flexible work forces. Divergent Paths examines the prospects for upward mobility of workers in this changed economic landscape. Based on an innovative comparison of the fortunes of two generations of young, white men over the course of their careers, Divergent Paths documents the divide between the upwardly mobile and the growing numbers of workers caught in the low-wage trap. The first generation entered the labor market in the late 1960s, a time of prosperity and stability in the U.S. labor market, while the second generation started work in the early 1980s, just as the new labor market was being born amid recession, deregulation, and the weakening of organized labor. Tracking both sets of workers over time, the authors show that the new labor market is more volatile and less forgiving than the labor market of the 1960s and 1970s. Jobs are less stable, and the penalties for failing to find a steady employer are more severe for most workers. At the top of the job pyramid, the new nomads—highly credentialed, well-connected workers—regard each short-term project as a springboard to a better-paying position, while at the bottom, a growing number of retail workers, data entry clerks, and telemarketers, are consigned to a succession of low-paying, dead-end jobs. While many commentators dismiss public anxieties about job insecurity as overblown, Divergent Paths carefully documents hidden trends in today's job market which confirm many of the public's fears. Despite the celebrated job market of recent years, the authors show that the old labor market of the 1960s and 1970s propelled more workers up the earnings ladder than does today's labor market. Divergent Paths concludes with a discussion of policy strategies, such as regional partnerships linking corporate, union, government, and community resources, which may help repair the career paths that once made upward mobility a realistic ambition for all American workers.
Who S Not Working And Why
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Author : Frederic L. Pryor
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999
Who S Not Working And Why written by Frederic L. Pryor and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Business & Economics categories.
This 1999 book explains why wages have become unequal, why wages in high-skilled jobs have risen while others have stagnated or fallen.