Slaves Contrabands And Freedmen Union Policy In The Civil War
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Slaves Contrabands And Freedmen Union Policy In The Civil War
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Author : CDR Michelle J. Howard USN
language : en
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-06
Slaves Contrabands And Freedmen Union Policy In The Civil War written by CDR Michelle J. Howard USN and has been published by Pickle Partners Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with History categories.
This study examines Union slave policy in the Civil War. Prior to the initiation of hostilities, President Abraham Lincoln stated that the conflict between the states was over the preservation of the Union, and not over slavery. The administration was concerned that a war policy centered on slavery would result in the loss of the Border States. The war started without a slave policy promulgated from the administration to the War Department. By May of 1861, fugitive slaves had entered Union lines and were retained by military commanders as “Contraband of War.” The Union employed over 200,000 fugitive slaves before the war ended. Military commanders were forced to create slave policy to handle overwhelming numbers of runaway slaves. Local military policy impacted the administration’s agenda. In response, the administration would variously support, dismiss, or ignore the commanders. As the war progressed, Union slave policy caused conflict within and outside the military chain of command. As the conflicts became publicized, President Lincoln created or agreed to slavery policies that conformed to changing congressional and public opinion. The administration had been forced to deal with the issue it had sought to avoid. Military decisions in the field had impacted national goals.
From Contraband To Freedman
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Author : Louis Gerteis
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1973-08-24
From Contraband To Freedman written by Louis Gerteis and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973-08-24 with History categories.
From Contraband To Freedman
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Author : Louis S. Gerteis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
From Contraband To Freedman written by Louis S. Gerteis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with African Americans categories.
This thesis posits that for the military and many government officials, emancipation of slaves was a military, not social, necessity. Some freedmen joined the Union Army, while approximately 193,000 of almost 1,000,000 freedmen within Union lines were organized by the federal government as laborers in contraband camps. The Freedmen's Bureau was created within the War Department in 1865 to aid the approximately 1,000,000 former slaves through education, health care and employment. The author asserts that because emancipation came as a war necessity, the contraband labor system succeeded only to the extent that the freedmen usefully served the needs of the Union Army. Once the Civil War ended, the system virtually collapsed and the Freedmen's Bureau did little more than liquidate the wartime labor programs while facilitating the restoration of antebellum property rights and trying to institute a contract labor system instead of creating a class of independent black farmers.
Grant Lincoln And The Freedmen Reminiscences Of The Civil War
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Author : John Eaton
language : en
Publisher: BIG BYTE BOOKS
Release Date : 2016-02-02
Grant Lincoln And The Freedmen Reminiscences Of The Civil War written by John Eaton and has been published by BIG BYTE BOOKS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-02 with History categories.
With thousands of ex-slaves fleeing to Union lines and the prospect of millions more to be emancipated, Abraham Lincoln and General Ulysses S. Grant foresaw enormous challenges ahead. What would be done with and for the freedmen? Grant turned to Colonel (later General) John Eaton to manage the gathering crisis. Eaton felt wholly inadequate to the huge task and tried to beg off, citing the resistance he knew he would encounter from many quarters, including Union officers who used free blacks as servants. Grant quietly replied, "Mr. Eaton, I have ordered you to report to me in person, and I will take care of you." This book, far too long out-of-print, details Eaton's approach to establishing policies that met the needs of freed slaves, as well as the military aims of General Grant and the governing aims of Abraham Lincoln. With personal anecdotes included from his meetings with Lincoln and Grant, you'll read stories here that you may not have read elsewhere. Eaton came to understand that the former slaves yearned desperately for their freedom, were entitled to their personhood, and he was astonished at their hunger for books and learning. He established schools and in 1863 and was an advocate of Negro suffrage. Eaton was made colonel of the 63rd Regiment of Colored Infantry. For the first time, this important work is available as an affordable, well-formatted book for e-readers and smartphones. Be sure to LOOK INSIDE or download a sample.
Bluejackets And Contrabands
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Author : Barbara Brooks Tomblin
language : en
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Release Date : 2009-10-09
Bluejackets And Contrabands written by Barbara Brooks Tomblin and has been published by University Press of Kentucky this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-09 with History categories.
One of the lesser-known stories of the Civil War is the role played by escaped slaves in the Union blockade along the Atlantic coast. From the beginning of the war, many African American refugees sought avenues of escape to the North. Due to their sheer numbers, those who reached Union forces presented a problem for the military. Fortunately, the First Confiscation Act of 1861 permitted the seizure of property used in support of the South's war effort, including slaves. Eventually regarded as contraband of war, the runaways became known as contrabands. In Bluejackets and Contrabands, Barbara Brooks Tomblin examines the relationship between the Union Navy and the contrabands. The navy established colonies for the former slaves, and, in return, some contrabands served as crewmen on navy ships and gunboats and as river pilots, spies, and guides. Tomblin presents a rare picture of the contrabands and casts light on the vital contributions of African Americans to the Union Navy and the Union cause.
Sick From Freedom
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Author : Jim Downs
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-05-01
Sick From Freedom written by Jim Downs and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-01 with History categories.
Bondspeople who fled from slavery during and after the Civil War did not expect that their flight toward freedom would lead to sickness, disease, suffering, and death. But the war produced the largest biological crisis of the nineteenth century, and as historian Jim Downs reveals in this groundbreaking volume, it had deadly consequences for hundreds of thousands of freed people. In Sick from Freedom, Downs recovers the untold story of one of the bitterest ironies in American history--that the emancipation of the slaves, seen as one of the great turning points in U.S. history, had devastating consequences for innumerable freed people. Drawing on massive new research into the records of the Medical Division of the Freedmen's Bureau-a nascent national health system that cared for more than one million freed slaves-he shows how the collapse of the plantation economy released a plague of lethal diseases. With emancipation, African Americans seized the chance to move, migrating as never before. But in their journey to freedom, they also encountered yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, dysentery, malnutrition, and exposure. To address this crisis, the Medical Division hired more than 120 physicians, establishing some forty underfinanced and understaffed hospitals scattered throughout the South, largely in response to medical emergencies. Downs shows that the goal of the Medical Division was to promote a healthy workforce, an aim which often excluded a wide range of freedpeople, including women, the elderly, the physically disabled, and children. Downs concludes by tracing how the Reconstruction policy was then implemented in the American West, where it was disastrously applied to Native Americans. The widespread medical calamity sparked by emancipation is an overlooked episode of the Civil War and its aftermath, poignantly revealed in Sick from Freedom.
Freedom Volume 1 Series 1 The Destruction Of Slavery
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Author : Ira Berlin
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1985
Freedom Volume 1 Series 1 The Destruction Of Slavery written by Ira Berlin and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with History categories.
Contains primary source material.
Freedom
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1985
Freedom written by and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with African Americans categories.
Troubled Refuge
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Author : Chandra Manning
language : en
Publisher: Vintage
Release Date : 2016-08-16
Troubled Refuge written by Chandra Manning and has been published by Vintage this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-16 with History categories.
From the author of What This Cruel War Was Over, a vivid portrait of the Union army’s escaped-slave refugee camps and how they shaped the course of emancipation and citizenship in the United States. Even before shots were fired at Fort Sumter, slaves recognized that their bondage was at the root of the war they knew was coming, and they began running to the Union army. By the war’s end, nearly half a million had taken refuge behind Union lines in improvised “contraband camps.” These were crowded and dangerous places, with conditions approaching those of a humanitarian crisis. Yet families and individuals—some 12 to 15 percent of the Confederacy’s slave population—took unimaginable risks to reach them, and they became the first places where many Northerners would come to know former slaves en masse, with reverberating consequences for emancipation, its progress, and the Reconstruction that followed. Drawing on records of the Union and Confederate armies, the letters and diaries of soldiers, transcribed testimonies of former slaves, and more, Chandra Manning allows us to accompany the black men, women, and children who sought out the Union army in hopes of achieving autonomy for themselves and their communities. Ranging from the stories of individuals to those of armies on the move to debates in the halls of Congress, Troubled Refuge probes the particular and deeply significant reality of the contraband camps: what they were really like and how former slaves and Union soldiers warily united there, forging a dramatically new but highly imperfect alliance between the government and African Americans. That alliance, which would outlast the war, helped destroy slavery and warded off the very acute and surprisingly tenacious danger of re-enslavement. It also raised, for the first time, humanitarian questions about refugees in wartime and legal questions about civil and military authority with which we still wrestle, as well as redefined American citizenship, to the benefit but also to the lasting cost of African Americans. Integrating a wealth of new findings, Manning casts in wholly original light what it was like to escape slavery, how emancipation happened, and how citizenship in the United States was transformed. This reshaping of hard structures of power would matter not only for slaves turned citizens, but for all Americans.
Free At Last
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Author : Ira Berlin
language : en
Publisher: Booksales
Release Date : 1997-03-01
Free At Last written by Ira Berlin and has been published by Booksales this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-01 with African Americans categories.
Summary: Brings together letters, along with personal testimony, official transcripts, and other records documenting the story of how black Americans achieved their freedom.