Small Scale Water Supply System Sss For Remote And Rural Areas In Developing Countries
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Small Scale Water Supply System Sss For Remote And Rural Areas In Developing Countries
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Author : Jose Abdon Ordóñez Andrade
language : en
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
Release Date : 2018-10-23
Small Scale Water Supply System Sss For Remote And Rural Areas In Developing Countries written by Jose Abdon Ordóñez Andrade and has been published by kassel university press GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-23 with categories.
The Waterbackpack PAUL -Portable Aqua Unit for Life Saving- is a water treatment unit based on the Ultra-Low Pressure Ultrafiltration (ULP-UF) technology and is since 2010 successfully applied as a fast response to get safe water during natural disasters or emergencies in more than 2 000 cases worldwide. In addition, PAUL has demonstrated that the ULP-UF technology can be used in permanent decentralised drinking-water supply for remote and rural areas, as it is easy to handle and does require neither chemicals nor energy consumption nor spare parts on a regular basis. Hence, the ULP-UF is an appropriate solution in the process of reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensure by 2030 access to safe drinking water worldwide. However, during long-term uses and under certain water characteristics, the ULP-UF faces some operational and maintenance challenges. The biofouling adhered to the membrane surface may lead to severe flux reduction. In addition, some re-growth of bacteria may take place on the permeate side because of the presence of high content of natural organic matter (NOM) in the raw water, especially Biopolymer and Humic Acids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to integrate some appropriate treatment steps before the ULP-UF technology, so that a reduction of attachment of NOM and biofilm to the membrane could be achieved and thus an increase of permeate flux and a reduction of potential regrowth of bacteria on permeate water could be accomplished.
Membrane Technology For Water And Wastewater Treatment In Rural Regions
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Author : Sarbatly, Rosalam
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2020-02-07
Membrane Technology For Water And Wastewater Treatment In Rural Regions written by Sarbatly, Rosalam and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As a basic human need, water and its treatment are of the utmost importance. However, some rural areas are disadvantaged and have difficulty in effectively treating their water supply, which can affect the health and safety of their region. To protect and defend citizens, research must supply effective and applicable methods in securing the safety and drinkability of water. Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment in Rural Regions is an essential publication that discusses the fabrication and characterization of membranes, processes and operations, and specific applications of membranes on water and wastewater treatment. Moreover, the book discusses selected promising aspects of membrane usage in the industry with a focus on palm oil mill industry, sewage management and treatment, and water treatment in rural areas. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics including membrane processes, water production, and transport resistances, this book is ideally designed for engineers, chemists, environmentalists, public officials, researchers, academicians, students, and industry professionals.
Assessment Framework For Urban Water Security
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Author : Hassan Tolba Aboelnga
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-01-01
Assessment Framework For Urban Water Security written by Hassan Tolba Aboelnga and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Urban water security is crucial for achieving sustainable development, peace, and human health and well-being. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainty of its definition and assessment framework. Several studies have assessed water security in widely divergent ways by granting priority indicators equal weight without considering or adapting to local conditions. This dissertation develops a new urban water security definition and assessment framework applicable to water scarce cities, with a focus on Madaba, Jordan. It takes a novel and systematic approach to assessing urban water security and culminates in integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) as a diagnostic tool and guide management actions. The dissertation suggests a new working definition of urban water security based on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 on safe drinking water for all and the human rights on water and sanitation as follows: The dynamic capacity of water systems and stakeholders to safeguard sustainable and equitable access to water of adequate quantity and acceptable quality that is continuously, physically and legally available at an affordable cost for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being and socioeconomic development, ensuring protection against waterborne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability. This proposed definition captures issues at the urban level of technical, environmental and socioeconomic indicators that emphasize credibility, legitimacy and salience. The assessment framework establishes a criteria hierarchy, consisting of four main dimensions to achieve urban water security: drinking water and human well-being, ecosystem, climate change and water-related hazards and socioeconomic aspects (together, DECS). The framework enables the analysis of relationships and trade-offs between urbanization, water security and DECS indicators. The dissertation also provides a structured analysis to understand how urban water is managed in intermittent water supply system, by conducting a water balance analysis after quantifying the components of water losses in Madaba’s water distribution network. The findings showed that Madaba's non-revenue water (NRW) amounted to annual loss of about 3.5 million m3, corresponding to financial losses of 2.8 million USD to the utility, of which 1.7 million USD is the cost of real losses. The dissertation provided an intervention strategy for strengthening infrastructure resilience and reducing leakage via the infrastructure, repair, economic, awareness and pressure (IREAP) framework. The IREAP framework provides a robust strategy to shift intermittent water supply (IWS) into continuous water supply. The IUWSI highlighted the state of water security in Madaba, Jordan and identified the means of implementation to move towards achieving urban water security based on the priorities for Madaba. The drinking water and human wellbeing dimension was the most important priority, receiving a weight of 66.22%, followed by ecosystem (17.15%), socioeconomic aspects (10.18%), and climate change and water-related hazards (6.45%) dimensions. The IUWSI indicated that the urban water security in Madaba is reasonable with a score of 2.5/5 and can meet the minimum requirements in several dimensions, but nonetheless, it has many loopholes to cover. Gaps are clear in the climate change and water-related hazards, and socioeconomic dimensions with scores of 1.6/5 and 2.237/5 respectively. Additionally, specific shortcomings are found in indicators such as water availability, reliability, diversity, and public health. The IUWSI framework assists with a rational and evidence-based decision-making process, which is important for enhancing water resource management in water-scarce cities
Current Developments In Biotechnology And Bioengineering
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Author : Xuan-Thanh Bui
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-08-19
Current Developments In Biotechnology And Bioengineering written by Xuan-Thanh Bui and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems covers different recent advanced technologies, including green technologies, for biological wastewater treatment and wastewater reuse. The technologies involve novel biological processes and/or modified processes coupled with nano materials for improving the performance of the existing treatment processes. The book also describes treatment strategies for the current pollution from complex organic matter, nutrients, toxic substances, micro plastics and emerging micro pollutants in different water resources. The treatment processes describe the recent developed technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse such as biological nutrient removal, bioreactors, photobioreactors, membrane bioreactors, wetlands, algae-bacteria process, natural treatments, integrated/hybrid bio systems, etc. The novel bio systems include aerobic, anaerobic, facultative operation modes with various of types of microorganisms. Provides updated information on biological nutrient removal from wastewater Includes anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment processes Provides state-of-art information on design and operation of novel systems, including membrane bioreactors Describes hybrid treatment processes
Assessment Of Rainwater Harvesting Potentiality In The Blue Nile Basin Based On Open Access Data
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Author : Samah Mahmood Abdo Saif
language : de
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-01-01
Assessment Of Rainwater Harvesting Potentiality In The Blue Nile Basin Based On Open Access Data written by Samah Mahmood Abdo Saif and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The water scarcity problem can be generated, in many cases, as a result of undesirable intensity and distribution of rainfall patterns. Water scarcity is a common dilemma that faces arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). In most ASARs around the world, farmers, especially those who rely on rainfed agriculture for their livelihood, are suffering from unstable climatic conditions. For instance, timing and distribution of rainfall, especially during dry periods. The noticeable increase in population coupled with decreased and erratic rains made it challenging to reduce the poverty rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, inefficient water management is considered to be one of the main reasons for the constancy of food insecurity in this area. This highlights the necessity to work on enhancing water availability levels and managing water resources more sustainably. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is considered to be a potential option to increase water availability and improve food security. In many ASARs and water shortage areas, RWH is found to be an efficient approach to increase crop productivity, and guarantee agricultural sustainability. Moreover, it can help in mitigating the undesirable and negative impacts of change in rainfall patterns, spatially and temporally, which can result in forms of floods, drought, and landslides. Identifying suitable sites for RWH potentiality and proper RWH structures is crucial for the successful application of RWH. The Suitable RWH sites are determined by many biophysical and socio-economic criteria based on the targeted goals of the application. The lack of reliable ground data in developing countries is one of the main challenges for the successful implementation of RWH applications. Advanced technologies, such as Remote Sensing (RS) and satellite images (SI) offer an opportunity for a new data source to be used for RWH. Especially that data generated from these technologies offer many advantages such as good spatial coverage and diverse temporal resolutions. In addition, many of these datasets are easily and freely accessible. The integration of RS data, Geographic Information System (GIS), and other examples of open-access programs to apply and enhance the RWH system successfully and efficiently for different aspects focusing on the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) is addressed in the current research. This research aimed to study the RWH potentiality and identify suitable RWH sites in the BNB. The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) approach was used to define potential sites for RWH. Furthermore, the Curve Number method (SCS-CN) was utilized to estimate the potential runoff in the BNB. This method is confirmed to be an efficient approach for easier handling of multiple data for large catchment areas and an approach that can help in saving the time required for detailed investigations. Considering the BNB as a research study area, the currentreˇ search focuses on multiple spatial scales, starting from a large scale, i.e., river basin, to a small scale i.e., Hafier located in Blue Nile State in Southern Sudan as an example of RWH applications. Results of this study emphasize the usefulness of RS and GIS using the MCA approach in defining suitable sites for RWH in large areas with the advantages of saving time and costs. This research has provided key knowledge regarding the application of open-access data and public domain products in RWH studies. Moreover, the research highlights the importance of ground data for result validation.
Anaerobe Stabilisierung Von Siebgut Zur Verbesserung Der Energieeffizienz Und Reduzierung Der Co2 Emissionen Auf Kl Ranlagen
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Author : Christian Fortenbacher
language : de
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2024
Anaerobe Stabilisierung Von Siebgut Zur Verbesserung Der Energieeffizienz Und Reduzierung Der Co2 Emissionen Auf Kl Ranlagen written by Christian Fortenbacher and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with categories.
Guidelines For The Development Of Small Scale Rural Water Supply And Sanitation Projects In East Africa
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Author : Dennis B. Warner
language : en
Publisher: Catholic Relief Services
Release Date : 2005-09-21
Guidelines For The Development Of Small Scale Rural Water Supply And Sanitation Projects In East Africa written by Dennis B. Warner and has been published by Catholic Relief Services this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-21 with Health & Fitness categories.
This document constitutes general technical guidelines for the planning and implementation of small-scale water supply and sanitation activities in rural East Africa, which includes both projects funded under the USAID Title II (Food for Peace) Program and projects funded by other donors. It is intended to assist Catholic Relief Services and its partners in improving the effectiveness, environmental protection and long-term sustainability of water and sanitation activities in the rural, and often food-insecure, areas of East Africa.
Auswertung Von Betriebsergebnissen Und Erfahrungen Zur Weitestgehenden Phosphorelimination
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Author : Valerie Liese
language : de
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-01-01
Auswertung Von Betriebsergebnissen Und Erfahrungen Zur Weitestgehenden Phosphorelimination written by Valerie Liese and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Der vorliegende Band gibt die Ergebnisse eines durch das Hessische Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz geförderten Vorhabens wieder, in dessen Rahmen die Umsetzung der Maßnahmen des hessischen Phosphor-Programmes für Kläranlagen gemäß dem Maßnahmenprogramm (MP) 2015 bis 2021 untersucht wurde. Auf Grundlage der europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (2000/60/EG) (WRRL) sind die Mitgliedstaaten zur Aufstellung eines Maßnahmenprogrammes verpflichtet. Das Land Hessen verfolgt mit dem Maßnahmenprogramm das Ziel, die Wasserkörper in einen „guten ökologischen Zustand“ zu bringen. Eine der Ursachen für das Verfehlen dieses guten ökologischen Zustandes ist der Eutrophierungszustand der meisten hessischen Oberflächengewässer. Trotz moderner und leistungsfähiger Kläranlagen stammten in Hessen Anfang der 2000er-Jahre immer noch 65 % der Phosphor-Belastungen aus den gereinigten Abwässern der kommunalen Kläranlagen. Dies entspricht ca. 700 t Pges. Der Anteil aus der Landwirtschaft (Erosion) betrug hingegen nur 15 %. Bei der Gegenüberstellung der aktuellen mittleren PO4-P-Konzentrationen gegenüber dem Zeitraum vor Umsetzung der Maßnahmen zeigt sich in Hessen eine deutliche Verbesserung. Dennoch wird der Orientierungswert von 0,7 mg PO4-P/l nicht flächendeckend erreicht. Einzelne Gewässer überschreiten den Orientierungswert sogar um mehr als 200 %, so dass immissionsseitig weiterer Handlungsbedarf besteht. Im Rahmen der Bestandsaufnahme und Erfolgskontrolle des Maßnahmenprogrammes 2015 bis 2021 werden in dieser Studie Betriebsergebnisse und Erfahrungen zur Phosphorelimination auf mittelhessischen Kläranlagen systematisch ausgewertet und evaluiert.
Water For Rural Communities
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Author : John Briscoe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Water For Rural Communities written by John Briscoe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Efforts to improve the water supplies used by people in rural areas of developing countries have run into serious obstacles: not only are public funds not available to build facilities for all, but many newly constructed facilities have fallen into disrepair and disuse. Along with the numerous failures there are also successes in this sector. From these successes a new view has begun to emerge of what the guiding principles of rural water supply strategies should be. This book brings together and spells out the constituents of this emerging view. The central message is that it is the local people themselves, not those trying to help them, who have the most important role to play. The community itself must be the primary decisionmaker, the primary investor, the primary organizer, and the primary overseer. The authors examine the implications of this primary principle for the main policy issues - the level of service to be provided in different settings, the level and mechanisms for cost recovery, the roles for the private and public sectors, and the role of women. The potential advantages of proceeding from this outlook, instead of the older top-down approaches, are considerable. Improvement efforts are more likely to meet felt needs, new facilities are more likely to be kept in service, and more communities are more likely to get safe water sooner.
Rural Water Supply And Sanitation
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Author : Anthony A. Churchill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Rural Water Supply And Sanitation written by Anthony A. Churchill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Social Science categories.