Smarandache Special Definite Algebraic Structures

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Smarandache Special Definite Algebraic Structures

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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2009-01-01

Smarandache Special Definite Algebraic Structures written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Mathematics categories.

We study these new Smarandache algebraic structures, which are defined as structures which have a proper subset which has a weak structure.A Smarandache Weak Structure on a set S means a structure on S that has a proper subset P with a weaker structure.By proper subset of a set S, we mean a subset P of S, different from the empty set, from the original set S, and from the idempotent elements if any.A Smarandache Strong Structure on a set S means a structure on S that has a proper subset P with a stronger structure.A Smarandache Strong-Weak Structure on a set S means a structure on S that has two proper subsets: P with a stronger structure, and Q with a weaker structure.

Algebraic Structures Using Natural Class Of Intervals

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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2011

Algebraic Structures Using Natural Class Of Intervals written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Mathematics categories.

Set Theoretic Approach To Algebraic Structures In Mathematics A Revelation

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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2013

Set Theoretic Approach To Algebraic Structures In Mathematics A Revelation written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Mathematics categories.

Smarandache Be Algebras

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Author : Arsham Borumand Saeid
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date :

Smarandache Be Algebras written by Arsham Borumand Saeid and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} There are three types of Smarandache Algebraic Structures: 1. A Smarandache Strong Structure on a set S means a structure on S that has a proper subset P with a stronger structure. A Smarandache Weak Structure on a set S means a structure on S that has a proper subset P with a weaker structure. A Smarandache Strong-Weak Structure on a set S means a structure on S that has two proper subsets: P with a stronger structure, and Q with a weaker structure. By proper subset of a set S, one understands a subset P of S, different from the empty set, from the original set S, and from the idempotent elements if any. Having two structures {u} and {v} defined by the same operations, one says that structure {u} is stronger than structure {v}, i.e. {u} > {v}, if the operations of {u} satisfy more axioms than the operations of {v}. Each one of the first two structure types is then generalized from a 2-level (the sets P ⊂ S and their corresponding strong structure {w1}>{w0}, respectively their weak structure {w1}<{w0}) to an n-level (the sets Pn-1 ⊂ Pn-2 ⊂ … ⊂ P2 ⊂ P1 ⊂ S and their corresponding strong structure {wn-1} > {wn-2} > … > {w2} > {w1} > {w0}, or respectively their weak structure {wn-1} < {wn-2} < … < {w2} < {w1} < {w0}). Similarly for the third structure type, whose generalization is a combination of the previous two structures at the n-level. A Smarandache Weak BE-Algebra X is a BE-algebra in which there exists a proper subset Q such that 1 Q, |Q| ≥ 2, and Q is a CI-algebra. And a Smarandache Strong CI-Algebra X is a CI-algebra X in which there exists a proper subset Q such that 1 Q, |Q| ≥ 2, and Q is a BE-algebra. The book elaborates a recollection of the BE/CI-algebras, then introduces these last two particular structures and studies their properties.

N Algebraic Structures

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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2005-01-01

N Algebraic Structures written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Mathematics categories.

In this book, for the first time we introduce the notions of N-groups, N-semigroups, N-loops and N-groupoids. We also define a mixed N-algebraic structure. The book is organized into six chapters. The first chapter gives the basic notions of S-semigroups, S-groupoids and S-loops thereby making the book self-contained. Chapter two introduces N-groups and their Smarandache analogues. In chapter three, N-loops and Smarandache N-loops are introduced and analyzed. Chapter four defines N-groupoids and S-N-groupoids. Since the N-semigroup structures are sandwiched between groups and groupoids, the study can be carried out without any difficulty. Mixed N-algebraic structures and S-mixed algebraic structures are given in chapter five. Some problems are suggested in chapter six. It is pertinent to mention that several exercises and problems (Some in the form of proof to the theorems are given in all the chapters.) A reader who attempts to solve them will certainly gain a sound knowledge about these concepts. We have given 50 problems for the reader to solve in chapter 6. The main aim of this book is to introduce new concepts and explain them with examples there by encouraging young mathematics to pursue research in this direction. Several theorems based on the definition can be easily proved with simple modification. Innovative readers can take up that job. Also these notions find their applications in automaton theory and coloring problems. The N-semigroups and N-automaton can be applied to construct finite machines, which can perform multitasks, so their capability would be much higher than the usual automaton of finite machines constructed. We have suggested a list of references for further reading.

Neutroalgebra Is A Generalization Of Partial Algebra

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Author : Florentin Smarandache
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2020-03-12

Neutroalgebra Is A Generalization Of Partial Algebra written by Florentin Smarandache and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-12 with Mathematics categories.

In this paper we recall, improve, and extend several definitions, properties and applications of our previous 2019 research referred to NeutroAlgebras and AntiAlgebras (also called NeutroAlgebraic Structures and respectively AntiAlgebraic Structures). Let be an item (concept, attribute, idea, proposition, theory, etc.). Through the process of neutrosphication, we split the nonempty space we work on into three regions {two opposite ones corresponding to and , and one corresponding to neutral (indeterminate) (also denoted ) between the opposites}, which may or may not be disjoint – depending on the application, but they are exhaustive (their union equals the whole space). A NeutroAlgebra is an algebra which has at least one NeutroOperation or one NeutroAxiom (axiom that is true for some elements, indeterminate for other elements, and false for the other elements). A Partial Algebra is an algebra that has at least one Partial Operation, and all its Axioms are classical (i.e. axioms true for all elements). Through a theorem we prove that NeutroAlgebra is a generalization of Partial Algebra, and we give examples of NeutroAlgebras that are not Partial Algebras. We also introduce the NeutroFunction (and NeutroOperation).

Algebraic Structures Of Neutrosophic Triplets Neutrosophic Duplets Or Neutrosophic Multisets Volume Ii

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Author : Florentin Smarandache
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date :

Algebraic Structures Of Neutrosophic Triplets Neutrosophic Duplets Or Neutrosophic Multisets Volume Ii written by Florentin Smarandache and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Mathematics categories.

Neutrosophy (1995) is a new branch of philosophy that studies triads of the form (, , ), where is an entity (i.e., element, concept, idea, theory, logical proposition, etc.), is the opposite of , while is the neutral (or indeterminate) between them, i.e., neither nor . Based on neutrosophy, the neutrosophic triplets were founded; they have a similar form: (x, neut(x), anti(x), that satisfy some axioms, for each element x in a given set. This book contains the successful invited submissions to a special issue of Symmetry, reporting on state-of-the-art and recent advancements of neutrosophic triplets, neutrosophic duplets, neutrosophic multisets, and their algebraic structures—that have been defined recently in 2016, but have gained interest from world researchers, and several papers have been published in first rank international journals.

Smarandache Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures

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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: American Research Press
Release Date : 2014-05-14

Smarandache Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by American Research Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with MATHEMATICS categories.

Algebraic Structures Using Subsets

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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2012

Algebraic Structures Using Subsets written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Algebra, Boolean categories.

"[The] study of algebraic structures using subsets [was] started by George Boole. After the invention of Boolean algebra, subsets are not used in building any algebraic structures. In this book we develop algebraic structures using subsets of a set or a group, or a semiring, or a ring, and get algebraic structures. Using group or semigroup, we only get subset semigroups. Using ring or semiring, we get only subset semirings. By this method, we get [an] infinite number of non-commutative semirings of finite order. We build subset semivector spaces, [and] describe and develop several interesting properties about them."--

Introduction To Neutroalgebraic Structures And Antialgebraic Structures Revisited

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Author : Florentin Smarandache
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date :

Introduction To Neutroalgebraic Structures And Antialgebraic Structures Revisited written by Florentin Smarandache and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Mathematics categories.

In all classical algebraic structures, the Laws of Compositions on a given set are well-defined. But this is a restrictive case, because there are many more situations in science and in any domain of knowledge when a law of composition defined on a set may be only partially-defined (or partially true) and partially-undefined (or partially false), that we call NeutroDefined, or totally undefined (totally false) that we call AntiDefined. Again, in all classical algebraic structures, the Axioms (Associativity, Commutativity, etc.) defined on a set are totally true, but it is again a restrictive case, because similarly there are numerous situations in science and in any domain of knowledge when an Axiom defined on a set may be only partially-true (and partially-false), that we call NeutroAxiom, or totally false that we call AntiAxiom. Therefore, we open for the first time in 2019 new fields of research called NeutroStructures and AntiStructures respectively.