Social Evolution And Inclusive Fitness Theory
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Social Evolution And Inclusive Fitness Theory
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Author : James A.R. Marshall
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-08
Social Evolution And Inclusive Fitness Theory written by James A.R. Marshall and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-08 with Science categories.
Social behavior has long puzzled evolutionary biologists, since the classical theory of natural selection maintains that individuals should not sacrifice their own fitness to affect that of others. Social Evolution and Inclusive Fitness Theory argues that a theory first presented in 1963 by William D. Hamilton—inclusive fitness theory—provides the most fundamental and general explanation for the evolution and maintenance of social behavior in the natural world. James Marshall guides readers through the vast and confusing literature on the evolution of social behavior, introducing and explaining the competing theories that claim to provide answers to questions such as why animals evolve to behave altruistically. Using simple statistical language and techniques that practicing biologists will be familiar with, he provides a comprehensive yet easily understandable treatment of key concepts and their repeated misinterpretations. Particular attention is paid to how more realistic features of behavior, such as nonadditivity and conditionality, can complicate analysis. Marshall highlights the general problem of identifying the underlying causes of evolutionary change, and proposes fruitful approaches to doing so in the study of social evolution. Social Evolution and Inclusive Fitness Theory describes how inclusive fitness theory addresses both simple and complex social scenarios, the controversies surrounding the theory, and how experimental work supports the theory as the most powerful explanation for social behavior and its evolution.
Social Evolution And Inclusive Fitness Theory
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Author : James Marshall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Social Evolution And Inclusive Fitness Theory written by James Marshall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Social media categories.
Social behavior has long puzzled evolutionary biologists, since the classical theory of natural selection maintains that individuals should not sacrifice their own fitness to affect that of others. Social Evolution and Inclusive Fitness Theory argues that a theory first presented in 1963 by William D. Hamilton--inclusive fitness theory--provides the most fundamental and general explanation for the evolution and maintenance of social behavior in the natural world. James Marshall guides readers through the vast and confusing literature on the evolution of social behavior, introducing and explaining the competing theories that claim to provide answers to questions such as why animals evolve to behave altruistically. Using simple statistical language and techniques that practicing biologists will be familiar with, he provides a comprehensive yet easily understandable treatment of key concepts and their repeated misinterpretations. Particular attention is paid to how more realistic features of behavior, such as nonadditivity and conditionality, can complicate analysis. Marshall highlights the general problem of identifying the underlying causes of evolutionary change, and proposes fruitful approaches to doing so in the study of social evolution. Social Evolution and Inclusive Fitness Theory describes how inclusive fitness theory addresses both simple and complex social scenarios, the controversies surrounding the theory, and how experimental work supports the theory as the most powerful explanation for social behavior and its evolution.
Domains And Major Transitions Of Social Evolution
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Author : Jacobus J. Boomsma
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-11-03
Domains And Major Transitions Of Social Evolution written by Jacobus J. Boomsma and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-03 with Science categories.
Evolutionary change is usually incremental and continuous, but some increases in organizational complexity have been radical and divisive. Evolutionary biologists, who refer to such events as “major transitions”, have not always appreciated that these advances were novel forms of pairwise commitment that subjugated previously independent agents. Inclusive fitness theory convincingly explains cooperation and conflict in societies of animals and free-living cells, but to deserve its eminent status it should also capture how major transitions originated: from prokaryote cells to eukaryote cells, via differentiated multicellularity, to colonies with specialized queen and worker castes. As yet, no attempt has been made to apply inclusive fitness principles to the origins of these events. Domains and Major Transitions of Social Evolution develops the idea that major evolutionary transitions involved new levels of informational closure that moved beyond looser partnerships. Early neo-Darwinians understood this principle, but later social gradient thinking obscured the discontinuity of life's fundamental organizational transitions. The author argues that the major transitions required maximal kinship in simple ancestors - not conflict reduction in already elaborate societies. Reviewing more than a century of literature, he makes testable predictions, proposing that open societies and closed organisms require very different inclusive fitness explanations. It appears that only human ancestors lived in societies that were already complex before our major cultural transition occurred. We should therefore not impose the trajectory of our own social history on the rest of nature. This thought-provoking text is suitable for graduate-level students taking courses in evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, organismal developmental biology, and evolutionary genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. It will also appeal to a broader, interdisciplinary audience, including the social sciences and humanities.
The Philosophy Of Social Evolution
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Author : Jonathan Birch
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-13
The Philosophy Of Social Evolution written by Jonathan Birch and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-13 with Philosophy categories.
From mitochondria to meerkats, the natural world is full of spectacular examples of social behaviour. In the early 1960s Bill Hamilton changed the way we think about how such behaviour evolves. He introduced three key innovations - now known as Hamilton's rule, kin selection, and inclusive fitness - which have been enormously influential, but which remain the subject of fierce controversy. Hamilton's pioneering work kick-started a research program now known as social evolution theory. This is a book about the philosophical foundations and future prospects of that program. Part I, "Foundations", is a careful exposition and defence of Hamilton's ideas, with a few modifications along the way. In Part II, "Extensions", Jonathan Birch shows how these ideas can be applied to phenomena including cooperation in micro-organisms, cooperation among the cells of a multicellular organism, and culturally evolved cooperation in the earliest human societies. Birch argues that real progress can be made in understanding microbial evolution, evolutionary transitions, and human evolution by viewing them through the lens of social evolution theory, provided the theory is interpreted with care and adapted where necessary. The Philosophy of Social Evolution places social evolution theory on a firm philosophical footing and sets out exciting new directions for further work.
Inclusive Fitness And Kin Selection
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Author : Hannah Rubin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2024-04-25
Inclusive Fitness And Kin Selection written by Hannah Rubin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-25 with Philosophy categories.
The biological world is full of phenomena that seem to run counter to Darwin's insight that natural selection can lead to the appearance of design. For instance, why do organisms in some species divide reproductive labor? The existence of non-reproducing organisms in such 'eusocial' species looks to be at odds with an evolutionary theory which posits traits exist because they help organisms survive and reproduce. What is the evolutionary advantage of an insect being distasteful to its predators? The distastefulness appears designed to deter predators, but can only affect the predator's actions when the insect is eaten; it is hard to see how such a trait could be passed on. This Element will cover the shared foundations of evolutionary explanations for these and other seemingly puzzling phenomena, focusing on the concepts of inclusive fitness and kin selection.
Foundations Of Social Evolution
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Author : Steven A. Frank
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-12-31
Foundations Of Social Evolution written by Steven A. Frank and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with Science categories.
This is a masterly theoretical treatment of one of the central problems in evolutionary biology, the evolution of social cooperation and conflict. Steven Frank tackles the problem with a highly original combination of approaches: game theory, classical models of natural selection, quantitative genetics, and kin selection. He unites these with the best of economic thought: a clear theory of model formation and comparative statics, the development of simple methods for analyzing complex problems, and notions of information and rationality. Using this unique, multidisciplinary approach, Frank makes major advances in understanding the foundations of social evolution. Frank begins by developing the three measures of value used in biology--marginal value, reproductive value, and kin selection. He then combines these measures into a coherent framework, providing the first unified analysis of social evolution in its full ecological and demographic context. Frank also extends the theory of kin selection by showing that relatedness has two distinct meanings. The first is a measure of information about social partners, with close affinity to theories of correlated equilibrium and Bayesian rationality in economic game theory. The second is a measure of the fidelity by which characters are transmitted to future generations--an extended notion of heritability. Throughout, Frank illustrates his methods with many examples, including a complete reformulation of the theory of sex allocation. The book also provides a unique "how-to" guide for constructing models of social behavior. It is essential reading for evolutionary biologists and for economists, mathematicians, and others interested in natural selection.
The Social Conquest Of Earth
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Author : Edward O. Wilson
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2012-04-09
The Social Conquest Of Earth written by Edward O. Wilson and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-09 with Science categories.
New York Times Bestseller and Notable Book of the Year A Kirkus Reviews Book of the Year (Nonfiction) Longlisted for the Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence (Nonfiction) From the most celebrated heir to Darwin comes a groundbreaking book on evolution, the summa work of Edward O. Wilson's legendary career. Sparking vigorous debate in the sciences, The Social Conquest of Earth upends “the famous theory that evolution naturally encourages creatures to put family first” (Discover). Refashioning the story of human evolution, Wilson draws on his remarkable knowledge of biology and social behavior to demonstrate that group selection, not kin selection, is the premier driving force of human evolution. In a work that James D. Watson calls “a monumental exploration of the biological origins of the human condition,” Wilson explains how our innate drive to belong to a group is both a “great blessing and a terrible curse” (Smithsonian). Demonstrating that the sources of morality, religion, and the creative arts are fundamentally biological in nature, the renowned Harvard University biologist presents us with the clearest explanation ever produced as to the origin of the human condition and why it resulted in our domination of the Earth’s biosphere.
Principles Of Social Evolution
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Author : Andrew F.G. Bourke
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2011-01-06
Principles Of Social Evolution written by Andrew F.G. Bourke and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-06 with Science categories.
Investigates and sets out the common principles of social evolution operating across all taxa and levels of biological organisation.
The Philosophy Of Social Evolution
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Author : Jonathan Birch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Philosophy Of Social Evolution written by Jonathan Birch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with SOCIAL SCIENCE categories.
From mitochondria to meerkats, the natural world is full of spectacular examples of social behaviour. Jonathan Birch explores how the three key explanatory ideas of social evolution theory - Hamilton's rule, kin selection, and inclusive fitness - can illuminate our understanding of the social world.
Evolution And Rationality
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Author : Samir Okasha
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-06-21
Evolution And Rationality written by Samir Okasha and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-21 with Science categories.
This volume explores from multiple perspectives the subtle and interesting relationship between the theory of rational choice and Darwinian evolution. In rational choice theory, agents are assumed to make choices that maximize their utility; in evolution, natural selection 'chooses' between phenotypes according to the criterion of fitness maximization. So there is a parallel between utility in rational choice theory and fitness in Darwinian theory. This conceptual link between fitness and utility is mirrored by the interesting parallels between formal models of evolution and rational choice. The essays in this volume, by leading philosophers, economists, biologists and psychologists, explore the connection between evolution and rational choice in a number of different contexts, including choice under uncertainty, strategic decision making and pro-social behaviour. They will be of interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science, evolutionary biology, economics and psychology.